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$counter = 1;
$counter = $counter + 1;
$counter = $counter * 2;
$initialCounter = 1;
$incrementedCounter = $initialCounter + 1;
$doubledCounter = $incrementedCounter * 2;
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$intUserAge = 25;
$strUserName = "John Doe";
$userAge = 25;
$userName = "John Doe";
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$mmLength = 25;
$cmLength = 250;
$jpyPrice = 0;
$usdPrice = 0;
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if (!($userAge < 18 || $userName === "")) {
echo "Valid user";
}
if ($userAge >= 18 && $userName !== "") {
echo "Valid user";
}
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($a || $b) == (!$a && !$b)
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$isUserLoggedIn = true;
if (!$isUserLoggedIn) {
echo "This will never be executed";
}
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// file1.php
function calculateTax($amount) {
return $amount * 0.1;
}
// file2.php
function calculateTax($amount) {
return $amount * 0.1;
}
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// tax_utils.php
function calculateTax($amount) {
return $amount * 0.1;
}
// file1.php
require_once 'tax_utils.php';
echo calculateTax(100);
// file2.php
require_once 'tax_utils.php';
echo calculateTax(200);
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$taxRate = 0.1;
function calculateTax($price) {
return $price * 0.1; // ハードコードされた値
}
echo calculateTax(100);
$taxRate = 0.1;
function calculateTax($price, $taxRate) {
return $price * $taxRate;
}
echo calculateTax(100, $taxRate);
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$numberOfRecords = (int)readline("Enter the number of records: ");
$data = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < $numberOfRecords; $i++) {
// 入力と処理が混在
$id = (int)readline("Enter ID for record $i: ");
$name = readline("Enter name for record $i: ");
$score = (int)readline("Enter score for record $i: ");
$status = $score >= 50 ? 'Passed' : 'Failed';
$adjustedScore = $score + 5;
$date = readline("Enter date for record $i (YYYY-MM-DD): ");
$data[] = [
"id" => $id,
"name" => $name,
"score" => $score,
"status" => $status,
"adjusted_score" => $adjustedScore,
"date" => $date
];
echo "ID: $id, Name: $name, Status: $status, Adjusted Score: $adjustedScore, Date: $date¥n";
}
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$data = [];
$numberOfRecords = (int)readline("Enter the number of records: ");
for ($i = 0; $i < $numberOfRecords; $i++) {
$id = (int)readline("Enter ID for record $i: ");
$name = readline("Enter name for record $i: ");
$score = (int)readline("Enter score for record $i: ");
$date = readline("Enter date for record $i (YYYY-MM-DD): ");
$data[] = [
"id" => $id,
"name" => $name,
"score" => $score,
"date" => $date
];
}
// 処理フェーズ
foreach ($data as $record) {
$record['status'] = $record['score'] >= 50 ? 'Passed' : 'Failed';
$record['adjusted_score'] = $record['score'] + 5;
}
// 出力フェーズ
foreach ($data as $record) {
echo "ID: {$record['id']}, Name: {$record['name']}, Status: {$record['status']}, Adjusted Score: {$record
}
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class A {
public $b;
public function __construct($b) {
$this->b = $b;
}
}
class B {
public $a;
public function __construct($a) {
$this->a = $a;
}
}
$a = new A(null);
$b = new B($a);
$a->b = $b; // 相互参照
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class BankAccount {
private $balance;
public function __construct($balance) {
$this->balance = $balance;
}
public function getBalance() {
return $this->balance;
}
public function setBalance($balance) {
$this->balance = $balance;
}
}
$account = new BankAccount(100);
if ($account->getBalance() >= 50) {
$account->setBalance($account->getBalance() - 50);
}
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class BankAccount {
private $balance;
public function __construct($balance) {
$this->balance = $balance;
}
public function withdraw($amount) {
if ($this->balance >= $amount) {
$this->balance -= $amount;
} else {
throw new Exception("Insufficient funds");
}
}
}
$account = new BankAccount(100);
$account->withdraw(50);
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class SafeFileHandler
{
private $filePath;
private $isReadOnly = true;
public function __construct(string $filePath)
{
if (!file_exists($filePath)) {
throw new Exception("File does not exist: $filePath");
}
$this->filePath = $filePath;
}
public function setWritable(): void
{
$this->isReadOnly = false;
}
public function write(string $data): void
{
if ($this->isReadOnly) {
throw new Exception("File is in read-only mode. Enable write mode explicitly using setWritable().");
}
file_put_contents($this->filePath, $data, FILE_APPEND);
}
public function read(): string
{
return file_get_contents($this->filePath);
}
}
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try {
$fileHandler = new SafeFileHandler("example.txt");
echo "File content:¥n" . $fileHandler->read();
// 書き込みモードを明示的に設定しない限り、書き込みは失敗
$fileHandler->write("New data¥n"); // 例外をスロー
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage() . "¥n";
}
try {
$fileHandler->setWritable();
$fileHandler->write("New data¥n"); // 成功
echo "Data written successfully.¥n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage() . "¥n";
}
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class Logger
{
public function log($message)
{
echo "[Log]: $message¥n";
}
}
// データベースサービスが Logger を継承
class DatabaseService extends Logger
{
public function query($sql)
{
$this->log("Executing query: $sql");
// 実際のクエリ実行（疑似コード）
echo "Query result for: $sql¥n";
}
}
// 使用例
$dbService = new DatabaseService();
$dbService->query("SELECT * FROM users");
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interface LoggerInterface
{
public function log($message);
}
class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerInterface
{
public function log($message)
{
echo "[Console Log]: $message¥n";
}
}
class DatabaseService
{
private $logger;
public function __construct(LoggerInterface $logger)
{
$this->logger = $logger;
}
public function query($sql)
{
$this->logger->log("Executing query: $sql");
// 実際のクエリ実行（疑似コード）
echo "Query result for: $sql¥n";
}
}
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class User {
public function saveToDatabase() {
// Save user to database
}
public function sendWelcomeEmail() {
// Send email to user
}
}
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class User {
public $name;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
}
class UserRepository {
public function save(User $user) {
// Save user to database
}
}
class EmailService {
public function sendWelcomeEmail(User $user) {
// Send email to user
}
}
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class DiscountService
{
public function calculateDiscount($customerType, $amount)
{
if ($customerType === 'Regular') {
return $amount * 0.9; // 10% 割引
} elseif ($customerType === 'VIP') {
return $amount * 0.8; // 20% 割引
} else {
return $amount; // 割引なし
}
}
}
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interface DiscountStrategy
{
public function calculate($amount);
}
class RegularDiscount implements DiscountStrategy
{
public function calculate($amount)
{
return $amount * 0.9; // 10% 割引
}
}
class VIPDiscount implements DiscountStrategy
{
public function calculate($amount)
{
return $amount * 0.8; // 20% 割引
}
}
class NoDiscount implements DiscountStrategy
{
public function calculate($amount)
{
return $amount; // 割引なし
}
}
// 割引サービスクラス
class DiscountService
{
private $strategy;
public function __construct(DiscountStrategy
$strategy)
{
$this->strategy = $strategy;
}
public function calculateDiscount($amount)
{
return $this->strategy->calculate($amount);
}
}
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// データが複数箇所に重複して管理されている
$userName = "John Doe"; // 1箇所目
$firstName = "John"; // 2箇所目
$lastName = "Doe"; // 3箇所目
echo "User: $userName¥n";
echo "Full Name: $firstName $lastName¥n";
// 名前の変更が一貫しない
$firstName = "Jane"; // 更新漏れ
echo "User: $userName¥n"; // 出力が不整合になる
echo "Full Name: $firstName $lastName¥n";
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class User
{
private $firstName;
private $lastName;
public function __construct($firstName, $lastName)
{
$this->firstName = $firstName;
$this->lastName = $lastName;
}
public function getFullName()
{
return $this->firstName . ' ' . $this->lastName;
}
public function getFirstName()
{
return $this->firstName;
}
public function getLastName()
{
return $this->lastName;
}
public function setFirstName($firstName)
{
$this->firstName = $firstName;
}
public function setLastName($lastName)
// 使用例
$user = new User("John", "Doe");
// データは一箇所で管理
echo "User: " . $user->getFullName() . "¥n";
// 名前を変更するとすべてが一貫性を保つ
$user->setFirstName("Jane");
echo "User: " . $user->getFullName() . "¥n";
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class Email
{
private $to;
private $from;
private $subject;
private $message;
private $headers;
public function __construct($to, $message, $from = '[email protected]', $subject = 'No Subject', $headers = [])
{
$this->to = $to;
$this->from = $from;
$this->subject = $subject;
$this->message = $message;
$this->headers = $headers;
}
public function send()
{
// ヘッダーを構築
$formattedHeaders = "From: {$this->from}¥r¥n";
foreach ($this->headers as $key => $value) {
$formattedHeaders .= "$key: $value¥r¥n";
}
// デフォルト値が設定されているため、最小限の情報でメールを送信可能
mail($this->to, $this->subject, $this->message, $formattedHeaders);
echo "Email sent to {$this->to} with subject '{$this->subject}'¥n";
}
}
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// 最小限の情報で使う場合（簡単なデフォルト設定が有効）
$email = new Email(
to: '[email protected]',
message: 'Welcome to our service!'
);
$email->send();
// 必要な部分だけ上書きする場合
$email = new Email(
to: '[email protected]',
message: 'Here is your daily update!',
subject: 'Daily Update',
headers: ['CC' => '[email protected]']
);
$email->send();
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class UserController {
private UserService $userService;
public function __construct(UserService $userService) {
$this->userService = $userService;
}
public function createUser(string $id, string $name): void {
$this->userService->createUser($id, $name);
echo "User created successfully!¥n";
}
public function getUser(string $id): void {
$user = $this->userService->getUser($id);
if ($user) {
echo "User ID: " . $user->getId() . ", Name: " . $user->getName() . "¥n";
} else {
echo "User not found.¥n";
}
}
}
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class UserService {
private UserRepository $userRepository;
public function __construct(UserRepository $userRepository) {
$this->userRepository = $userRepository;
}
public function getUser(string $id): ?User {
return $this->userRepository->findById($id);
}
public function createUser(string $id, string $name): void {
$user = new User($id, $name);
$this->userRepository->save($user);
}
}
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interface UserRepository {
public function findById(string $id): ?User;
public function save(User $user): void;
}
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class InMemoryUserRepository implements UserRepository {
private array $users = [];
public function findById(string $id): ?User {
return $this->users[$id] ?? null;
}
public function save(User $user): void {
$this->users[$user->getId()] = $user;
}
}
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ビジネスロジックを中心に見据える
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ビジネスロジックを中心に見据える
ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ
と同じ
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ヘキサゴナルの外側の具体的な実装について
詳細に記載されているのが
クリーンアーキテクチャ
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Enterprise Business Rules
Entities
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Enterprise Business Rules
Entities
いわゆるドメインモデルを実装した
ドメインオブジェクト
ドメインの概念を表現する
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Application Business Rules
Use Cases
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Application Business Rules
Use Cases
アプリケーションレイヤー
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Application Business Rules
Use Cases
アプリケーションレイヤー
アプリケーションの目的である
ドメインにおける問題を解決するため
ドメインオブジェクトを束ねあげ
ユースケースを実現する
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Interface Adapters
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Controllers Presenters Gateways
Interface Adapters
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Controllers Presenters Gateways
Interface Adapters
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Controllers Presenters Gateways
Interface Adapters
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Controllers Presenters Gateways
Interface Adapters
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Controllers Presenters Gateways
Interface Adapters
Mock
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Controller
Presenter
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Controller
Presenter
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Controller
Presenter
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Controller
Presenter
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Frameworks & Drivers
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Frameworks & Drivers
詳細なコード
ギークなコード
ビジネスロジックが
これに依存しないようにする
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Frameworks & Drivers
詳細なコード
ギークなコード
ビジネスロジックが
これに依存しないようにする
DIP
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依存の方向
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依存の方向は内向き
内側の変更は外に影響する
内側は外側を知らない
依存の方向
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依存の方向は内向き
内側の変更は外に影響する
内側は外側を知らない
ドメインロジックで Web とか DB とか UI とかを
扱わない
依存の方向
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
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Controller
Presenter
Use Case
Interactor
Use Case
Input Port
Use Case
Output Port
< I >
< I >
もっと細かく
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図 22-2
「Clean Architecture 達人に学ぶソフトウェアの構造と設計」（Robert C. Martin）より
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図 22-2
「Clean Architecture 達人に学ぶソフトウェアの構造と設計」（Robert C. Martin）より
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図 22-2
「Clean Architecture 達人に学ぶソフトウェアの構造と設計」（Robert C. Martin）より
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図 22-2
「Clean Architecture 達人に学ぶソフトウェアの構造と設計」（Robert C. Martin）より
上下は逆で
用語も少し違うけど
同じ
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図 22-2
「Clean Architecture 達人に学ぶソフトウェアの構造と設計」（Robert C. Martin）より
上下は逆で
用語も少し違うけど
同じ
これに従って実装
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class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function index(UserGetListUseCaseInterface $interactor)
{
$request = new UserGetListRequest(1, 10);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
public function create(UserCreateUseCaseInterface $interactor, Request $request)
{
$name = $request->input('name');
$request = new UserCreateRequest($name);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
}
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class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function index(UserGetListUseCaseInterface $interactor)
{
$request = new UserGetListRequest(1, 10);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
public function create(UserCreateUseCaseInterface $interactor, Request $request)
{
$name = $request->input('name');
$request = new UserCreateRequest($name);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
}
アプリケーションが要求するデータに入力を変換
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class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function index(UserGetListUseCaseInterface $interactor)
{
$request = new UserGetListRequest(1, 10);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
public function create(UserCreateUseCaseInterface $interactor, Request $request)
{
$name = $request->input('name');
$request = new UserCreateRequest($name);
$interactor->handle($request);
}
}
アプリケーションが要求するデータに入力を変換
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DS : Data Structure
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DS : Data Structure
class UserCreateRequest
{
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
/**
* UserCreateRequest constructor.
* @param string $name
*/
public function __construct(string $name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getName(): string
{
return $this->name;
}
}
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interface UserCreateUseCaseInterface
{
/**
* @param UserCreateRequest $request
* @return UserCreateResponse
*/
public function handle(UserCreateRequest $request);
}
名称は好みで InputPort, UseCase, InputBoundary などのバリエーションがあるイメージ
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class UserCreateInteractor implements UserCreateUseCaseInterface
{
/**
* @var UserRepositoryInterface
*/
private $userRepository;
/**
* @var UserCreatePresenter
*/
private $presenter;
/**
* UserCreateInteractor constructor.
* @param UserRepositoryInterface $userRepository
* @param UserCreatePresenterInterface $presenter
*/
public function __construct(UserRepositoryInterface $userRepository, UserCreatePresenterInterface $presenter)
{
$this->userRepository = $userRepository;
$this->presenter = $presenter;
}
/**
* @param UserCreateRequest $request
* @return void
*/
public function handle(UserCreateRequest $request)
{
$userId = new UserId(uniqid());
$userName = $request->getName();
$createdUser = new User($userId, $userName);
$this->userRepository->save($createdUser);
$response = new UserCreateResponse($userId->getValue(), $userName);
$this->presenter->output($response);
}
}
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interface UserRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @param User $user
* @return mixed
*/
public function save(User $user);
/**
* @param UserId $id
* @return User
*/
public function find(UserId $id);
/**
* @param int $page
* @param int $size
* @return mixed
*/
public function findByPage($page, $size);
}
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interface UserRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @param User $user
* @return mixed
*/
public function save(User $user);
/**
* @param UserId $id
* @return User
*/
public function find(UserId $id);
/**
* @param int $page
* @param int $size
* @return mixed
*/
public function findByPage($page, $size);
}
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interface UserRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @param User $user
* @return mixed
*/
public function save(User $user);
/**
* @param UserId $id
* @return User
*/
public function find(UserId $id);
/**
* @param int $page
* @param int $size
* @return mixed
*/
public function findByPage($page, $size);
}
Gateway
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実装は
SQL 直打ちでも
Entity の再構築が
できれば
なんでも OK
class UserRepository implements UserRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @param User $user
* @return mixed
*/
public function save(User $user)
{
DB::table('users')
->updateOrInsert(
['id' => $user->getId()],
['name' => $user->getName()]
);
}
/**
* @param UserId $id
* @return User
*/
public function find(UserId $id)
{
$user = DB::table('users')->where('id', $id->getValue())->first();
return new User($id, $user->name);
}
/**
* @param int $page
* @param int $size
* @return mixed
*/
public function findByPage($page, $size)
{
// TODO: Implement findByPage() method.
}
}
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class User
{
/**
* @var UserId
*/
private $id;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
/**
* User constructor.
* @param UserId $id
* @param string $name
*/
public function __construct(UserId $id, string $name)
{
$this->id = $id;
$this->name = $name;
}
/**
* @return UserId
*/
public function getId(): UserId
{
return $this->id;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getName(): string
{
return $this->name;
}
}
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class UserCreateResponse
{
/**
* @var string
*/
private $createdUserId;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $userName;
/**
* UserCreateResponse constructor.
* @param string $createdUserId
* @param string $userName
*/
public function __construct(string $createdUserId, string $userName)
{
$this->createdUserId = $createdUserId;
$this->userName = $userName;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getCreatedUserId(): string
{
return $this->createdUserId;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getUserName(): string
{
return $this->userName;
}
}
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interface UserCreatePresenterInterface
{
/**
* @param UserCreateResponse $outputData
* @return mixed
*/
public function output(UserCreateResponse $outputData);
}
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class UserCreatePresenter implements UserCreatePresenterInterface
{
/**
* @var CleanArchitectureMiddleware
*/
private $middleware;
/**
* UserCreatePresenter constructor.
* @param CleanArchitectureMiddleware $middleware
*/
public function __construct(CleanArchitectureMiddleware $middleware)
{
$this->middleware = $middleware;
}
public function output(UserCreateResponse $outputData)
{
$viewModel = new UserCreateViewModel($outputData->getCreatedUserId(), $outputData->getUserName());
$this->middleware->setData(view('user.create', compact('viewModel')));
}
}
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class UserCreateViewModel
{
/**
* @var string
*/
private $id;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $name;
/**
* UserCreateViewModel constructor.
* @param string $id
* @param string $name
*/
public function __construct(string $id, string $name)
{
$this->id = $id;
$this->name = $name;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getId(): string
{
return $this->id;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getName(): string
{
return $this->name;
}
}
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