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Faster Tests
Vladimir Dementyev, Evil Martians
2017
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Evil Martians
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RailsClub 2016
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AnyCable
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This Talk
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Testing
*slap shit together and deploy
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8 |====> | ETA: 38:32:00
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The Survey
Do you write tests?
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The Survey
How long does your whole suite run?
*having more than 1000 examples
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The Survey
How long does your whole suite run?
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*having more than 2500 examples
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The Story
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
~3700 test examples
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
~3700 test examples
20–22 minutes on CI (no parallelism)
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No content
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
~3700 test examples
20–22 minutes on CI (no parallelism)
Sometimes builds spent hours in a queue
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No content
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
~3700 test examples
5 minutes on another CI (5x parallelism)
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The Story
OnboardIQ (October, 2016)
~3700 test examples
5 minutes on another CI (5x parallelism)
9 minutes total (setup, tests, linters)
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More Tests
Number of examples
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Oct 16 Dec 16 Feb 17 Apr 17 June 17 Sep 17
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The Story
OnboardIQ (present time)
~7700 test examples
2.5 minutes on CI (5x parallelism)
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The Story
OnboardIQ (present time)
~7700 test examples
2.5 minutes on CI (5x parallelism)
5 minutes total (setup, tests, linters)
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The Story
OnboardIQ (present time)
~7700 test examples
2.5 minutes on CI (5x parallelism)
5 minutes total (setup, tests, linters)
4x faster!
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Making Faster
Examples per minute
0
150
300
450
600
Oct 16 Dec 16 Feb 17 Apr 17 June 17 Sep 17
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How Did We Get Here?
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What We Use
RSpec https://rspec.info
FactoryGirl (for both factories and fixtures)
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Legacy Constraints
No application code refactoring
Least possible amount of tests refactoring
3 years old RoR app, 90k (57k tests) LOC
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https://evilmartians.com/chronicles/testprof-a-good-doctor-for-slow-ruby-tests
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TestProf Map
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https://goo.gl/S2TV1Q
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General Profilers
RubyProf
StackProf
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StackProf
$ TEST_STACK_PROF=1 rspec spec/models/user_spec.rb
$ stackprof tmp/test_prof/stackprof-cpu.dump
TOTAL(pct) SAMPLES (pct) FRAME
2409 (25.5%) 988 (10.4%) AR…#exec_no_cache
2235 (23.6%) 935 (9.9%) AR…#execute
1287 (13.6%) 641 (6.8%) Logger ::LogDevice#write
130 (1.4%) 65 (0.7%) Mongo ::Socket#write
https://medium.com/appaloosa-store-engineering/tips-to-improve-speed-of-your-test-suite-8418b485205c
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StackProf
$ TEST_STACK_PROF=1 rspec spec/models/user_spec.rb
$ stackprof tmp/test_prof/stackprof-cpu.dump
TOTAL(pct) SAMPLES (pct) FRAME
2409 (25.5%) 988 (10.4%) AR…#exec_no_cache
2235 (23.6%) 935 (9.9%) AR…#execute
1287 (13.6%) 641 (6.8%) Logger ::LogDevice#write
130 (1.4%) 65 (0.7%) Mongo ::Socket#write
https://medium.com/appaloosa-store-engineering/tips-to-improve-speed-of-your-test-suite-8418b485205c
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PROTIP #0
https://jtway.co/speed-up-your-rails-test-suite-by-6-in-1-line-13fedb869ec4
config.logger = Logger.new(nil)
config.log_level = :fatal
“Speed Up Your Rails Test Suite By 6% In 1 Line”
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RubyProf
$ SAMPLE=10 TEST_RUBY_PROF=1 rspec
$ more tmp/test_prof/ruby-prof—report-flat-total.log
%self calls name
20.85 721 # __bc_crypt
1.12 47489 Arel ::Visitors ::Visitor#dispatch
1.04 205208 String#to_s
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RubyProf
$ SAMPLE=10 TEST_RUBY_PROF=1 rspec
$ more tmp/test_prof/ruby-prof—report-flat-total.log
%self calls name
20.85 721 # __bc_crypt
1.12 47489 Arel ::Visitors ::Visitor#dispatch
1.04 205208 String#to_s
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Encryption in Tests
# Gemfile
gem "sorcery"
# config/initializers/sorcery.rb
config.user_config do |user|
# default is 10 for bcrypt!
user.stretches = 1 if Rails.env.test?
end
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Encryption in Tests
# Gemfile
gem "sorcery"
# config/initializers/sorcery.rb
config.user_config do |user|
# default is 10 for bcrypt!
user.stretches = 1 if Rails.env.test?
end
2x faster!
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https://goiabada.blog/improving-spec-speed-in-a-huge-old-rails-app-8f3ab05a33f9
TEST_RUBY_PROF=call_tree rspec
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PROTIP #1
SAMPLE=10 TEST_RUBY_PROF=call_stack rspec
“Run general profilers against a random sub-suite”
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EventProf
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rspec --profile
+
ActiveSupport ::Notifications
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EventProf
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$ EVENT_PROF=sql.active_record rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf for sql.active_record
Total time: 00:00.256
Total events: 1031
Top 5 slowest suites (by time):
AnswersController – 00:00.119 (549 / 20)
QuestionsController – 00:00.105 (360 / 18)
CommentsController – 00:00.032 (122 / 4)
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EventProf
Database
sql.active_record
sql.rom
Factories
factory_girl.run_factory
factory.create
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FactoryGirl Caveat
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$ EVENT_PROF=factory_girl.run_factory rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf factory_girl.run_factory
Total time: 14:28.175
Total events: 455575
Finished in 10 minutes 26 seconds
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FactoryGirl Caveat
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$ EVENT_PROF=factory_girl.run_factory rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf factory_girl.run_factory
Total time: 14:28.175
Total events: 455575
Finished in 10 minutes 26 seconds
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PROTIP #2
EVENT_PROF=factory.create rspec
“Use ‘factory.create’ when profiling time spent in
factories to avoid double counting;
’factory_girl.run_factory’ events are not exclusive”
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EventProf
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# Minitest – PR welcome!
ruby test.rb --event_prof=sql.rom
+
# Maybe, hanami-events?
Custom Instrumentation
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EventProf
Views
render_template.action_view
render_partial.action_view
Background Jobs
perform.active_job
sidekiq.inline
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Sidekiq Shame
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https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq/issues/3495
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Sidekiq Inline
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$ EVENT_PROF=sidekiq.inline rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf for sidekiq.inline
Total time: 04:28.175
Total events: 15596
Finished in 20 minutes 26 seconds
Using Sidekiq ::Testing.inline! by default
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Sidekiq Inline
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$ EVENT_PROF=sidekiq.inline rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf for sidekiq.inline
Total time: 01:31.605
Total events: 3884
Finished in 17 minutes 19 seconds
Using Sidekiq ::Testing.fake! by default
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Sidekiq Inline
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$ EVENT_PROF=sidekiq.inline rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf for sidekiq.inline
Total time: 01:31.605
Total events: 3884
Finished in 17 minutes 19 seconds
Using Sidekiq ::Testing.fake! by default
~1.2x faster!
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PROTIP #3
Sidekiq ::Testing.fake!
“If you want faster tests you can use fake mode
and call WorkerUnderTest.drain.” –Nate
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How to migrate?
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How to migrate?
Turn on Sidekiq ::Testing.fake!
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How to migrate?
Turn on Sidekiq ::Testing.fake!
… and let the test fail)
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How to migrate?
Prepare shared context
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shared_context "sq:inline", sidekiq: :inline do
around(:each) do |ex|
Sidekiq ::Testing.inline!(&ex)
end
end
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RSpec Stamp
Automatically tags failing examples
Automatically tags slow examples with
EventProf
… and more
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$ EVENT_PROF=factory.create \
$ EVENT_PROF_STAMP=slow:factory rspec
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How to migrate?
Run tests again with RSpec Stamp
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$ RSTAMP=sidekiq:inline rspec --only-failures
[TEST PROF INFO] RSpec Stamp results
Total patches: 175
Total files: 76
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The Story
49
Oct 2016
Sep 2017
0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s
sql.active_record factory.create
* profiles for the fixed tests sample
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Factory Profilers
Factory Doctor
FactoryProf
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Useless Data
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it "validates name presence" do
user = create(:user)
expect(user).not_to be_valid
end
it "validates name presence" do
user = build_stubbed(:user)
expect(user).not_to be_valid
end
VS
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Factory Doctor
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$ FDOC=1 rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] FactoryDoctor report
Total (potentially) bad examples: 103
Total wasted time: 00:16.803
User (./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3)
./spec/user_spec.rb:8 – 1 record created, 00:00.114
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Factory Doctor
Sometimes produces false positives/
negatives
Integrates with RSpec Stamp to tag bad
examples automatically
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shared_context "fgirl:stub", fgirl: :stub do
# Replace create with build_stubbed
around { |ex| FactoryGirl.stub_all!(&ex) }
end
describe User do
let(:user) { create(:user) }
it "is valid", fgirl: :stub do
# no database interactions here
expect(user).to be_valid
end
end
Factory Stub All
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shared_context "fgirl:stub", fgirl: :stub do
# Replace create with build_stubbed
around { |ex| FactoryGirl.stub_all!(&ex) }
end
describe User do
let(:user) { create(:user) }
it "is valid", fgirl: :stub do
# no database interactions here
expect(user).to be_valid
end
end
Factory Stub All
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Work In Progress
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FactoryProf
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$ FPROF=1 rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] Factories usage
total top-level name
372 348 account
366 363 funnel
261 261 interview_stage
167 151 user
156 156 applicant
76 76 available_slot
372 examples, 0 failures
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FactoryProf
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$ FPROF=1 rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] Factories usage
total top-level name
372 348 account
366 363 funnel
261 261 interview_stage
167 151 user
156 156 applicant
76 76 available_slot
372 examples, 0 failures
What about
fixtures?
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Step #0
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describe StagesController do
let(:account) { create(:account) }
let(:funnel) { create(:funnel) }
…
end
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Step #1
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shared_context "account", account: true do
let(:account) { create(:account) }
let(:funnel) { create(:funnel) }
end
describe StagesController, :account do
…
end
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AnyFixture
Accepts any block of code as data
generator
Cleanups affected tables at the end of the
whole suite run
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Step #2
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shared_context "account", account: true do
before(:all) do
@account = TestProf ::AnyFixture.register(:account) do
create(:account)
end
@funnel = TestProf ::AnyFixture.register(:funnel) do
create(:funnel, account: @account)
end
end
let(:account) { Account.find(@account.id) }
let(:funnel) { account.funnels.first }
end
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Factory Cascade
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Factory Cascade
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factory :comment do
answer
author
end
factory :answer do
question
author
end
factory :question do
author
end
create(:comment) # => creates 5 records
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Factory Cascade
How to detect?
How to fix?
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Factory Flame
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Factory Flame
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Factory Stack
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create(:comment)
# stack = [
# :comment,
# :answer,
# :question,
# :user,
# :user,
# :user
# ]
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Factory Story
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[TEST PROF INFO] EventProf for factory.create
Total time: 01:02.279
Total events: 88022
Top 5 slowest suites (by time):
EmbeddedSignatureRequestsSet – 00:31.630 (121 / 11)
EmbeddedSignatureRequest – 00:22.479 (52 / 13)
24 examples – 54 seconds in factories!
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Factory Story
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Cascade Fix #1
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Explicitly provide associated objects
# before
factory :embedded_signature_request do
requests_set
template
…
end
create(:embedded_signature_request)
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Cascade Fix #1
68
Explicitly provide associated objects
# after
factory :embedded_signature_request do
…
end
create(:embedded_signature_request,
requests_set: set, template: template)
# But
create(:embedded_signature_request)
# raise ActiveRecord ::Invalid
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Cascade Fix #2
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factory :stage do
funnel
account do
funnel&.account || build(:account)
end
end
Inherit associated objects
Only works with hierarchical data
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Factory Story
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From 54 seconds to 2 seconds!
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Factory Story #2
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Cascade Fix #3
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describe MessageTemplates ::Deliver do
let(:funnel) do
create_default(:funnel)
end
let(:stage) do
create_default(:stage, funnel: funnel)
end
end
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FactoryDefault
Fix cascades quickly (w/o touching
factories)
Use when many factories depend on some
other factory
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Factory Story #2
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Run EventProf for factory.create and mark
top-N slowest groups
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$ EVENT_PROF=factory.create \
$ EVENT_PROF_STAMP=slow:factory rspec
Factories Flow
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Run FactoryProf for slow groups
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$ FPROF=1 rspec --tag slow:factory
Consider extracting popular factories
into any-fixtures
Factories Flow
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Generate FactoryFlame for slow groups
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$ FPROF=flamegraph rspec --tag slow:factory
Fix factory cascades (e.g. using
FactoryDefault)
Factories Flow
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RSpec Dissection
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RSpec Dissection
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$ RD_PROF=1 rspec
[TEST PROF INFO] RSpecDissect report
Total time: 16:11.661
Total `before(:each)` time: 09:28.678
Total `let` time: 12:26.199
Top 10 slowest suites (by `before(:each)` time):
…
Top 10 slowest suites (by `let` time):
…
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RSpec Dissection
Useful to detect repeatable data
Integrates with Rspec Stamp
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Run RSpecDissect and mark top-N slowest
groups
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$ RD_PROF=1 RD_PROF_STAMP=slow:rd rspec
Dissection Flow
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Replace before hooks with before_all
where possible
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Dissection Flow
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Before All
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before(:all)
+
Database Transaction
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before(:each)
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describe BeatleSearchQuery do
before(:each) do
@paul = create(:beatle, name: 'Paul')
@ringo = create(:beatle, name: 'Ringo')
@george = create(:beatle, name: 'George')
@john = create(:beatle, name: 'John')
end
# and about 15 examples here
end
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before_all
85
describe BeatleSearchQuery do
before_all do
@paul = create(:beatle, name: 'Paul')
@ringo = create(:beatle, name: 'Ringo')
@george = create(:beatle, name: 'George')
@john = create(:beatle, name: 'John')
end
# and about 15 examples here
end
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Dissection Flow
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Replace let! hooks with let_it_be where
possible
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Dissection Flow
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Let It Be
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before_all
+
let
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let!
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describe BeatleSearchQuery do
let!(:paul) { create(:beatle, :paul) }
let!(:ringo) { create(:beatle, :ringo) }
let!(:george) { create(:beatle, :george) }
let!(:john) { create(:beatle, :john) }
# and more examples here
end
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let_it_be
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describe BeatleSearchQuery do
let_it_be(:paul) { create(:beatle, :paul) }
let_it_be(:ringo) { create(:beatle, :ringo) }
let_it_be(:george) { create(:beatle, :george) }
let_it_be(:john) { create(:beatle, :john) }
# and more examples here
end
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Closing Notes
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What We Learned
Test environment should be different
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What We Learned
Test environment should be different
Make logging less verbose (or turn off completely)
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What We Learned
Test environment should be different
Make logging less verbose (or turn off completely)
Relax encryption settings
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What We Learned
Background jobs should be controllable
Sidekiq ::Testing.inline! is evil!
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Prefer build_stubbed over create
What We Learned
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Prefer build_stubbed over create
Use both factories & fixtures
What We Learned
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What We Learned
Factory cascades are harmful
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What We Learned
Factory cascades are harmful
Avoid slow repetitions (i.e. before hooks)
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What We Learned
Factory cascades are harmful
Avoid slow repetitions (i.e. before hooks)
… and let it be!
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Where
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github.com/palkan/test-prof
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What’s Left?
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What’s Left?
Custom Rubocop cops
Thoughts on multi-threaded tests (rspec-hell)
Controllers vs. requests specs
Faster boot time (bootsnap)
CI balancing (knapsack)
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cult of martians.com
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Thank you!
Questions?
Vladimir Dementyev
evilmartians.com
github.com/palkan
@palkan_tula
Finished in 40 minutes 99 examples, 0 failures