with hiragana is not yet over! You may have noticed there are certain sounds which have not yet been covered. Don’t panic just yet! There aren’t any new characters to memorize yet. To get these additional sounds we have to use Diacritic marks, or modifiers to the original characters in the syllabary. They are the dakuten ( ゙ ), sometimes called ten-ten (dot) and handakuten ( ゚ ), sometimes called maru (circle). A I U E O G が ぎ ぐ げ ご Z ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ D だ ぢ づ で ど B ば び ぶ べ ぼ P ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ Our exceptions are back again as well. じ= ji. づ= zu (almost always seen as ず ). ぢ is also ji (almost always seen as じ ). These alternates have rare uses, but are worth studying to identify them at least. After you master these, there’s only one step left in your mastery of Hiragana.