Ancient Indian Science 1 Natu.pdf

Transcript

1. Hearty Congratulations For Visiting “Science in Sanskrit” Slide show!
2. Indian Pride Ancient Indian Science and Scientists
3. “Indian Pride” With humble gratitude to the honorable authors of….. 1. “Bharatme Vigyanki Ujwal Parampara” by Shri Suresh Soni , Urchana Prakashan, Bhopal 2. “Prachin Bharatatil Viman Shastra” by Capton Anand Jayram Bodas , Manorama Prakashan 3. “Science and Technology in Ancient India” by Vijnan Bharati, Mumbai 400020 4. “Pride of India” Compiled by Bharatiya Bauddhic Sampada, Nagpur 440012, published by Samskrit Bharati. New Delhi 11055 5. The Week, Mid year Special, June 24, 2001 6. “Vedic Mathematics” by Jagdguru Swami Shri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja 7. “Aryabhatiya” by Mohan Apte, Rajhans Prakashan, Sadashiv Peth, Pune P o s t m a n : A.V.Natu 8 Balgovind Society,Sane Guruji Nagar,Mulund (e), Mumbai 400081,Phone No.25685095, M: 9869023294
4. Indian Pride Ancient Indian Science and Scientists Ancient Indian Universities:  Takshila (Ref. http://www.quotesandsayings.com/gindia.htm) Established in 700 BC and about 10,500 students from Babylonia, Greece, Syria, Arabia and China studied more than 60 subjects Nalanda: (Ref. http://www.indpride.com/didyouknow.html) Once housed 90 lakh books which were burnt by Muslim invaders Bakhtiyar Khilji in the year 1205 British soldiers burnt more than 20,000 books of Rani of Jhashi Let noble thoughts come to us from all and every direction आ नो भद्रा:क्रतवो यन्तु िवश्वतः ऋग्वेद १-८९
5. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra 1) Acharya Bharadwaj had a hermitage in the holy city of Prayag 2) Was an ordent apostle of Ayurveda and mechanical sciences. 3) He authored the " Yantra Sarvasva " which includes discoveries in aviation science, space science and flying machines. . ACHARYA BHARADWAJ (800 BC) Maharshi Bharadwaj has written a book “Yantra Sarvaswa” with 40 chapters. 40th Khand is known as “Brihad Viman Shastra” with 8 Adhyayas, 100chapters and 500 Sutras (today 37 verses are available) Maharshi Baradwaj refers 97 books & names 36 Scientists
6. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra Author Book Title Narayan Viman Chandrika Shaunak Vyomyan Tantra Garg Yantrakalp Vachaspati Yan Bindu Chakrayani Khetyan Pradipaka Dhundinath Vyomyanark Prakash Few of 97 references Tritala- a vehicle consisting of three stories. (Rig Veda 3.14.1) Trichakra Ratha, a three-wheeled vehicle designed to operate in the air. (Rig Veda 4.36.1) Vaayu Ratha- a gas or wind-powered chariot. (Rig Veda 5.41.6) Vidyut Ratha- a vehicle that operates on power. (Rig Veda 3.14.1).
7. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra If experimentation was being done by Ancient Indian Scientists? Ref.13th Century book By Yeshodhar Whatever I learnt from experts and whatever I confirmed by experimentation, that only I have included in this book and whatever could not be confirmed has not been included in my book. Further he states that my student should reconfirm by performing experiment by their own hands. Those who follow this is real teacher and Students. All others are just Drama Actors.
8. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra Classification of Vimanas on basis of Period: 1. Mantrik Vimana in Tretayuga : As per Shaunak Sutra there were of 25 types of Vimanas. As per Manibhadrakarika Gautam Rishi states that there were32 types of Vimanas 2. Tantra Vimana from Dwapar Yuga: As per Bharadwaj and Bodhanand there were 56 types of Vimanas 3. Kritak Viman / Yantra Viman at end of Dwaparyug and beginning of Kaliyug : 25 Types Dakshinmurti (Mahadeo) --------------------------Sanak Rishi Drishti Aalingan
9. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra Ref. Khetsastra written by Maharshi Vishwambhar Rukma Vimana Definition of Vimana One that goes from country to country, continent to continent and planet to planet through sky is called as Vimana Rukhma Vimana had long vertical ducts with fans on the top, to suck air from the top and send it down the ducts, generating a lift in the process.
10. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra Sunder Vimana: Main body of Raj Loha ,Coated with 7 coats of Manchuk oil Main body fitted with interconnected 40 pipes (Shundal) made of Bhuju Loha at uniform distance. At the bottom of pipes there were 2 tanks-each of water and oil. Smoke and steam formed by electric heating and was passed through pipes and was controlled by valves. Due to powerful exhaust Vimana was taking off and flying. Electricity was generated by Sanyojak Process in a 20ft diameter tank. Tank was filled with various plants juices, minerals, Processed leather, Salts from donkeys urine, copper strips and wires, parts of fox, powder of Rhinus, sulphur etc. There were moving wheels which seem to be like to days generators Sundar Vimana 66ft Diameter Speed : 8000miles/hr
11. Indian Pride : Vimana Shastra Shakun Viman Each wing about 13 ft long ,5ft wide Length: about 53ft ,Width: 37ft . with 4 Shakti Yantas, one oil pipe, one water pipe and an air pipe for each . By electrical heating, hot gas was produced which could be directed at by Vatchodayan Yantra. Electric power was generated by Kirnakarshan Yantra , placed outside the Vimana. Lower side had wheels for ground movement
12. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times The Deccan Herald article refers to an article in Kesari which referred to a flight demonstration at the Chowpatty Beach , before a large audience, which included Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III and Nyaya Murti Ranade. Shri Talpade designed this Vimana on the basis of Veda and Upanishidas
13. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times  Marutsakha was exhibited in Bombay Art Society in the Town Hall  Flying machines came into full operation when the power of the sun`s rays, mercury and another chemical called "Naksha rassa" interacted.  Power source he used might be “An Ion Engine”  The theory of the “Ion Engine” has been credited to Robert Goddard, (1882-1945), recognized as the father of Liquid- fuel Rocketry.  Mr.Talpade’s relatives sold the machine to Rally Brothers, a leading British exporting firm then operating in Mumbai.
14. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times VYMAANIDASHAASTRA AERONAUTICS by Maharishi Bharadwaaja, translated into English and edited, printed & published by Mr. G. R. Josyer, Mysore, India, 1979. Mr. Josyer is director of the International Academy of Sanskrit Investigation, Mysore. It seems that Vimanas were powered by some sort of "anti-gravity " Ref. New Evidence of Ancient Indian Science Of Space Travel Source: Conspiracy Journal #205 April 11, 2003 http://www.vigyanprasar.com/comcom/vimana.htm
15. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times 4) Profound Secret: The technique to make a flying machine invisible through the application of sunlight and wind force. 5) Living Secret: The technique to make an invisible space machine visible through the application of electrical force. 6) Secret of Eavesdropping: The technique to listen to a conversation in another plane. 7) Visual Secrets: The technique to see what's happening inside another plane
16. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times Academy of Sanskrit Research in Melkote, near Mandya, had been commissioned by the Aeronautical Research Development Board, New Delhi, to take up a one-year study, ‘Non-conventional approach to Aeronautics’, on the basis of Vaimanika Shastra. As a result of the research, a glass-like material which cannot be detected by radar has been developed by Prof Dongre, of Benaras Hindu University. A plane coated with this unique material cannot be detected using radar.
17. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Indian Vimana of Modern Times Tritala- a vehicle consisting of three stories. (Rig Veda 3.14.1) Trichakra Ratha, a three-wheeled vehicle designed to operate in the air. (Rig Veda 4.36.1) Vaayu Ratha- a gas or wind-powered chariot. (Rig Veda 5.41.6) Vidyut Ratha- a vehicle that operates on power. (Rig Veda 3.14.1).
18. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: First Pilot of Modern Times Dattatrya Laxuman Patwardhan, 10/7/1883 Appointed as II Lieutenant on 15/3/1916
19. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Energy Systems Ref. Viman Shastra: Sutra: Shaktayasspta: 7 Energies for Vimana Above energies are coded in a sutra as: मलयऱसवन This is similar to, todays coding “TMPFGI” which Pilot uses to check various equipment, just before about to fly
20. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Energy Systems Ref. Viman Shastra: Sutra: Shaktayasspta: 7 Energies for Vimana 1. Udgama: Tundil yantra using Agni 2. Panjar shakti from Panjur using Minerals 3. Suryashaktip apkarshini shakti from Shaktip Yantra using Vayu 4. Parashakti apakarshanishakti: Energy from moon using Apakarshan yantra 5. Vidyut dwadashaka Shakti: from the Sun using Sandhan Yantra 6. Kuntinishakti from humidity suing Darpanik Yantra 7. Moolshakti from space using Shaktiprasava yantra Above energies are coded in a sutra as: This is similar to days coding “TMPFGI” Pilot uses this code to check various equipment, just before about to fly Or say PIN code (Personal Identity Number) मलयऱसवन
21. Indian Pride : Mechanics Ref. Yantrarnavah(14 AD) Generation of Power or motion, through the continuous movement of lever, pulley, toothed wheel, inclined plane and screw is called a machine 1. Veda talk of wheel and milk curds churning apparatus 2. Mahabharata describes circulating fish and shooting of it’s eye 3. Bhagavat Purana refers to Oil expelling device with description of Gear 4. Kautilya’s Arthashastra (4th CBC) masterpiece on statecraft, describes 32 machines including that for throwing stones, weighing balance with unequal beam 5. Aryabhata (5th Century AD) describes perpetual motion machine
22. Indian Pride : Mechanics Criteria of best Yantra Great attributes of machines are, proper union of efforts and result, good contact, smoothness, least attention, sustaining, lightness and noiselessness, when sound is required its predominance, not loosening or clogging, good contact in all moving parts, no break in action, attainment of results as desired, adherence to rhythm and timing ,showing results at the moment desired, returning to normalcy at the other times ,not bulging and staying in shapes, strength, softness and durability. Ref. Samarangana-Sutradhara, Chapter 31, Raja Bhojah (1150 AD) Translated by Rao Saheb K.V. Vaze in 1926
23. Indian Pride Architectural Drawing Plan of 10th Century Mukteshwar Mandir in Bhubaneshwar
24. Indian Pride Architectural Drawing Plan of 10th Century Mukteshwar Mandir in Bhubaneshwar
25. Indian Pride : Mechanics Vishwakarma : Synonymous to Engineer Vishwakarma developed a weapon, to kill his son, Vrutarasur, using Dadhichi Rishi’s Bones, in the interest of Social Security (Vishwakarma : Engineer)
26. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Observing Objects / Metallurgy Kriyagrahan Rahasya: On the mirror of Vimana, objects from Earth and other Grahas are seen. These are like discs, filled with some liquid and are placed on both sides of Vimana . It receives the vibrations from the various objects. To days such equipment sends electromagnetic waves and reflected waves are received to see or measure the distance. Lohatantra Granth refers to 3000 types of Mineral layers, out of which 1300 are useful. 3rd sub layer of 7th layer contains minerals useful for the Vimana.
27. Indian Pride Vimana Shastra: Systems Jyotirbhav Rahasya: By creating bright light, enemy sees our Vimana as a star . Ref. Aushabodhini Granth Sarpgaman Rahasya: using 7 pipes, different air jets and Sun energy Viman can fly in zigzag fashion. Today it is rarely followed but with high risk Chapal Rahasya: Within seconds crores of vibrations are produced to destroy enemy's Vimana. Today’s Laser Ray Gun is similar to this Mahashabda Vimochan Rahasya : Using 7 circular pipes a noise having wave length of 3 Bahus is created to effect loss of memory in the enemy Ref. Shabda prakashika Granth Today this is called as Stunning effect by Low frequency sonic generation. USSR and Germany has experimented this in EU using remote control
28. Indian Pride Viman Shastra Know this and select your area of research 1. Pushpani Yantra: 12 items of Botanical origin and or Minerals are mixed in a given proportion and are processed by heat etc. It is filled in a cone and connected with small and big tubes wires and rotating discs. This generates cool gas to create air conditioned effect. 2. Ref. Kriyasar Granth: In the 8th layer of sky has 3,07,03221 comets out of which 8000 are electrically active. Out of this energy of 12 groups, in Sharad and Vasant Rutu, combine with that of Sun to produce Ajgara Lightening. Vidyut Dwadashaka System protects Vimana from Ajgara
29. Indian Pride Metallurgy used for Vimana Alloys preparation: Ratios of various Ingredients Sauma Saundal Maurtvik Tankan(salt) 10 5 8 3 1 3 7 5 2 5 6 6 Furnaces/Blowers: As per Narayan Muni, 532 furnaces are divided into 7 classes. Number 9 of 7th class is known a Kurmavyastika without which it is not possible to make Bij Loha alloy.
30. Indian Pride : Metallurgy “By heating 1 part of Zinc, with 3 parts of Copper, becomes golden - Brass” Nagarjuna states :
31. Indian Pride: Metallurgy: Distillation of Zinc by Zawar Process Clay Retort The furnace has two chambers. One with inverted retorts another with condensing vessels under each retort. Retort is filled with calcined ore, charcoal,salt etc. A reed is set in the middle and a funnel like condenser fitted at the end and sealed with the vessel. Retort is heated to 1200oC. to vaporise zinc. At this temperature reed gets burnt and other materials release CO to create reducing atmosphere. Zinc trickles down through a path created by burnt reed. Zinc metallurgy traveled from India to China to Europe. In 1738 William Champion established Bristol Process and patented it. Recognised by ASM (Alloy Steel Metallurgy ASSo.) in 1989, as an “International Historical Landmark of Metallurgy” Ref. Rasaratnasamucchaya Proof of the process came from excavations at Zawar in Rajasthan Brass containing 34% Zinc (normal is 28%) were unearthed from Taxila (4th C.BC) Indian Pride: Eco Friendly Zawar Process for producing zinc
32. Indian Pride : Metallurgy Corrosion resistance Pillar, Vijay Stambha initially erected by Samarat Chandragupta(340-375) in Mathura on Vishnu Hill. It was brought to Delhi by Anantpal in 1050AD and installed opposite Kutubminar It was fabricated by forging and hammer welding 20- 30kg lumps of hot pasty iron in step by step process. Lead solders in joints were confirmed by “X”-ray analysis. Erected by 120 laborers in14 days Even today Scientists are baffled about the method of it’s manufacture. Chemical Composition Carbon: 0.08% Silicon: 0.046% Phosphorus: 0.114% Sulphur:0.006% Nitrogen: 0.032% Copper 0.034% Iron: 99.72% Manganese: Nil
33. Indian Pride : Metallurgy Another Corrosion resistant Pillar Vijay Stambha in Dhar in Madhya Pradesh is 14 meters in height and 7 tones in weight (3 pieces together). This was built by King Bhoja in (1000-1055AD) and “is a tallest non corrosive Iron Pillar in the world” Historian Vincent Smith writes ”While we marveled at the skill shown by ancient artificers in forging the great mass of Delhi pillar, we must give a still greater measure of admiration to the forgotten craftsmen, who dealt so successfully in producing the still more ponderous iron mass of the Dhar pillar monument. Dhar pillar consists of 3 pieces
34. Indian Pride : Metallurgy: Dhar Piller Historian Vincent Smith writes ”While we marveled at the skill shown by ancient artificers in forging the great mass of Delhi pillar, we must give a still greater measure of admiration to the forgotten craftsmen, who dealt so successfully in producing the still more ponderous iron mass of the Dhar pillar monument. 14 meters in height and 7 tones in weight (3 pieces together), built by Bhoja in (1000-1055AD) and “is a tallest non corrosive Iron Pillar in the world”
35. Indian Pride : Metallurgy
36. Indian Pride : Metallurgy : British Reports 1. In September 1795 Dr. Benjamin Hyan writes to East India Co.“ In Ramnath peth there are 40 steel furnaces near Iron mines. Price of steel is Rs.2/Mon 2. James Franklin observes during 30th April to 6th June 1827,  During this period 223.5Mons of Steel was made in 4 furnaces  31.25 mon =1 English Tonne  Price of steel 11.75 Annas /mon  Mines near Jabalpur, Panna, Sagar  Furnace of about 4.25x3x1.5inch (19 cubic inch) uses cole 3. In 1849 Cambell writes:  Presence of thousands of small furnaces with 90,000 workers  He recommended Indian Steel for English Railway due to it’s high quality  In 1874 Bengal Iron company was established by Britishers to end Indian Steel Industry
37. Indian Pride : Metallurgy : Ukku (Woortz Steel) Original Damasks Steel, world’s first high carbon steel was a product of India, known as Ukku in Kannada and Telugu. Ukku was used to make swords in Persia and Arabia. Ktesians at the court of Persia(5th century BC) stated that 2 swords made of Indian steel were presented to him by Persian king. Pre Islamic Arab word for sword is “Muhannad” meaning from Hind. In early 1800s’ Europeans and even Michael Faraday tried to produce Ukku steel on industrial scale. But they failed. Francis Buchanan and other EU travelers observed, Steel making by crucible process in Mysore, Malabar and Golconda was prevalent from 17th Century as is reported by Prof.T.R. Anantharaman
38. Indian Pride : Chemistry Ref. Rasa-ratna-samuchchaya , Cahapter 7, Verse 89 This means that the six metals having resistance to waste (Corrosion) in the descending order are Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, tin and lead. This conforms to the present day electro- chemical series Closed furnace Dekhi Yanta (Distillation Apparatus) Ref. Rasa-ratna-Samuchchaya , Adhyaya 9,Shokh 43,11-14, Vagbhatah,9th Century AD
39. Indian Pride Speed of Light : In Vedas (Maharshi Kanva’s Sutra) Ref. Rig-Veda-Samhita, Mandalam 1,Suktam 50,Mantrah 4 (6000BC) In 1887AD,Michealson and Morley established the velocity of light as 1,86,300 miles/Sec. It is remembered (that) salutations to thee, the traveller of 2202 yojanas in half a nimish Syanacharya (1315-1387) a minister of King Bukka I of Vijayanagar in his commentary calculates Distance travelled = 2202 yojanas/ half nimish 1 yojana = 9.0625miles and Half a nimish = 0.114286 seconds So speed of light is 185,016.169 miles/second Modern value = 186,282.397 miles /second
40. Indian Pride Astronomy : In Vedas The elliptical path through which all the celestial bodies move is imperishable and unslackened Ref. Rg-veda-samhita, Mandalam 1,Suktam 164,Mantrah 2 (6000BCE) Johannes Kepler proposed in 1609 that of all planes are
41. Indian Pride: Astronomy : Aryabhata I: Born in year 476 in Kerla 2. In 499 , at the age of 23, he wrote “Aryabhatiyam” which is a text on astronomy and treatise on mathematics, at Kusumpur in Bihar 3. Formulated a process of calculating the motion of planets and the time of eclipses. 4. First to proclaim that the earth is round/ rotates around the Sun…Copernicus1473- 1542………Bruno burnt alive in 1600 Period of rotation around the Sun Planet Aryabhata’s Value Modern Earth, Year 365.259days 365.256days Moon, 27.322days 27.322days Mars, 1.881 yrs 1.881 yrs Jupiter, 11.861 yrs 11.862 yrs Saturn 29.477 yrs 29.458 yrs 5. II =3.14
42. Indian Pride Astronomy : Aryabhata I
43. Indian Pride Astronomy : Aryabhata I 23 years old Aryabhata (476-550AD)was first to postulate that it is the earth that rotates and the stars are stationary. This is about 1000years before Copernicus(1473-1543 A.D). But Copernicus’s (1473-1542) Book published after his death was also banned. In 1546,Bruno supported Copernicus but was jailed and burnt alive in 1600. Galileo (1564-1642) was house arrested till death for inventing Binocular to observe planets and for supporting Copernicus Just as a person in a boat moving forward sees the stationary objects as moving backward, so are the stationary stars seen by people in Shri Lank (on equator) as moving exactly towards the west Aryabhatiya, chapter 4, Verse 3
44. Indian Pride Astronomy : Aryabhata I Aryabhata stated that the earth is Spherical which was accepted by western countries in 14th Century Planet Aryabhata’s Value Modern value Earth 365.259days 365.256days Moon 27.322days 27.322days Mars 1.881 yrs 1.881 yrs Jupiter 11.861 yrs 11.862 yrs Saturn 29.477 yrs 29.458 yrs Period of Rotation Aryabhatiya, Chapter 4, Verse 6 The globe of earth stands suspended in space of the centre of circular frame i.e. at the centre of Bhagola, surrounded by the orbits (of the planets), it is made of water, soil, fire and air and is spherical
45. Indian Pride Astronomy : Aryabhata I Aryabhatiya, Chapter 3, Verse 17 All the planets whether moving in near circular orbits or in eccentric circles, move anticlockwise from their apogees and clockwise from their perigees. This law was stated in 5th century A.D. much before the first law of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in 1609A.D. Distance of Planets from the Sun in terms of earth to sun average distance known a A.U. (1.5x108 km) are: Planet Aryabhata’s value A.U.Modern Value A.U. Mercury 0.375 0.387 Venus 0.725 0.723 Mars 1.538 1.523 Jupitor 5.16 5.20 Saturn 9.41 9.54
46. Indian Pride Astronomy Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Lalla, Shripati and Bhaskar II described various Astronomical Instruments Lalla in “Yantra –Adhyaya” of his work Sishya-dhi-Vriddhida mentions of these 12 Instruments Ujjain Observatory, 17th AD
47. Indian Pride Astronomy : Aryabhata I Earth rotation round the own axis and around the Sun cause sunrise and sunset at various places When it is sunrise in Lanka (Equator), it is sunset in Siddhapura (180 deg. east of Lanka) and midnight in Romaka (90 deg. west to Lanka) Apparent motion of the Sun Aryabhatiya -Chapter 4,Verse 13
48. Indian Pride Linear Measurement : Aryabhata I Ref. Aryabhatiya edited by Kripa Shankar Shukla, Page no. xliii 8 Paramanus = 1 Trasarenu 8 Trasarenus = 1 Ratharenu 8 Ratharenu = 1 Kosas 8 Kosas = 1 Tilabhijas 8 Tilabhijas = 1 Sarsapas 8 Sarsapas = 1 Yavas 8 Yavas = 1 Angulas 12 Angulas = 1 Vitasti 2 Vitasti = 1 Hasta 4 Hastas = 1 Danda 2000 Dandas = 1 Krosa 4 Krosas = 1 Yojana = 9.0625 miles
49. Indian Pride Astronomy : Bhaskaracharya 1. Born in Village Vijjadit (Jalgaon) 2. Period:(1114-1183 CE) 3. Author of Lilavati, Bijganit: Translated in several languages of the world 4. Sidhhanyta Shiromani at age of 36. Planetary positions, eclipses and astronomical equipment. 5. Surya Sidhanhat "Objects fall on earth due to a force of attraction by the earth. (500 years before Sir Isaac Newton) 6. II = 3.1416
50. Indian Pride Astronomy : Bhaskaracharya
51. Indian Pride Astronomy: Bhaskaracharya Isaac Newton (1642-1727 AD) discovered Gravitational Force but Bhaskaracharya discovered it 500yrs before him Massive celestial bodies are attracted powerfully towards the earth by her own force (Gravitational), and they appear to fall as a result of such attraction but when equal forces act on a body in space from all sides, how can it fell? Daughter Lilavati asks what supports the Earth? Bhaskaracharya replies What’s harm if we say that earth exists on her own strength which can be called as it’s self bearing capacity? Further she asks “how it is possible? Bhaskaracharya answers
52. Indian Pride Astronomy : Bhaskaracharya Before about 900 years, Bhaskaracharya II (1114-1185AD) stated “Earth is round and it rotates round it’s own axis Lilavati asked her father Bhaskaracharya, “I see earth flat but you say it is round. How?” He answers: Draw a big circle and see its 100th part. You will see it, as a straight line, though it is circular in nature. So also the earth. Bhaskaracharya calculated Period of Rotation of Earth as 365.25756484days, more than 1000years before Astronomer Smart Ref. Goladyaya :3rd Adyaya is Bhuvankoshadyaya
53. Indian Pride Astronomy : Eclipse Ref. Aryabhatia,37 (5th Century), by Aryabhata I Lunar eclipse results due to fall of shadow of earth on moon! Halley is credited with 1st Eclipse map, showing the path of Moon’s shadow across England during upcoming total eclipse of 1715 Golpadha,chapter 4,Sloka 37
54. Indian Pride Astronomy Lalla states Eclipse id not caused by Rahu
55. Indian Pride Astronomy “Ratna” from Samrat Vikramadidya’s Darbar
56. Wish you and your family Colorful 2010 like Rainbow! Multi-coloured rays of the sun, being dispersed by wind in a cloudy sky are seen in the form of a bow which is Rainbow Ref. Brhat Samhita, Slokh 35, Varahamihirah 6th Century AD Seasons Greetings from A.V. Natu
57. Indian Pride : Physics: Magnetism Ref. Rasarnavam, Patalah6, Adyaya 40, Slokah 21 12th century A.D. 5 types of magnets 1,2,3,4,5 and multi faced Yellow, Black and Red coloured Thus 90 types of Magnets are possible.
58. Indian Pride : Physics : Matter
59. Indian Pride Physics Ref. Chennakesava Temple, Belur : Gravity Pillar 1 Built by Vishnuvardhana (1110- 1140)AD 2. 20 Tones granite pillar ,40 ft tall 3. Pillar is simply placed on a platform without any hole , hook, peg or cementing of any sort to hold it. 4. This can be confirmed passing a stick through a channel running at the base of pillar.
60. Indian Pride Electricity Ref. Agasti Samhita, dated 14th Century AD Electric Cell Earthen Pot Copper plate Wet Saw Dust Zinc amalgam with Mercury CuSO4 Soln. This was confirmed by experimentation by Dr.M.C. Sahasrabudhye, HOD Sanskrit Dept and Prof Dr.P.P. Hole of Eng Dept. of Nagpur University Open circuit Voltage 1.38 Volts and short circuit current of 23 milliamps
61. Indian Pride Artificial Gold or Silver plating on copper plate can be done by using this battery. When plated with gold it is called as Shatkumbh. Agasti also decomposed water by using his battery and observed that Pran(O 2 ) and Upan (H 2 ) were produced in ratio of 1:2 by volume Upan was filled in balloon to fly it in air and Chanakya recommended to use it to escape from an enemy camp. E l e c t r o p l a t I n g
62. Indian Pride Electricity Indian Classification of Electricity Types 1. Tadit: Produced from friction with Silk 2. Saudamini: Produced from friction with Gems 3. Vidyut: From Clouds 4 Shatkumbhi: Electricity generated from 100 earthen cells 5. Rhidani: Stored electricity 6. Ashani: Electricity from Magnet
63. Indian Pride Electricity/Magnetism
64. Indian Pride : Shipping Navigation in Vedic Period Ref. Rigveda ,8-19.14) Dyumnu= Sort of Boat Aritrin = Oar Navaja = Sailor Shataritra = Hundred Oar Boat Kautilya’s (400 BC) designations: Navadhyaksha = Superintendent Shasaka= Captain of ship Niyamaka= Steerman of ship Sarva mandira= A ship for transportation of goods, horses and royal treasures Madya mandrika= Rainy season /
65. Indian Pride : Shipping Navigating ship can have a pole, an Oar, or an oar fixed on a wheel with a handle called Chakrani, Putabheda or a wooden screw coming out of water known a Bramha Bhoja says that iron should not be used for joining planks of ship bottom, intended for sea voyage. Iron exposes the ship to the influence of magnetic field of magnetic rocks in the bottom of sea. This will lead to sinking of ship Ref. Yukti Kalpataru by Narpati Bhoja (11th Century) Hindus and Buddhist Monks travelled to Kampuchea, Thailand, Sumatra etc. In 1st century a group of merchants from Kuch travelled to Java and settled there.
66. Indian Pride : Industry: Shipping As per his diary kept in Spanish Museum, Vasko da Gama, saw a three times bigger ship in Jhanjibar and met its Gujarati owner named “Skanda”. Skanda was coming to India. With Skanda’s help Gama came to India and thus discovered way to India in 1497 In 1811, Lt. Walker writes that East India company had an Indian ship “Daria Daulat” which did not require maintenance for 87 years
67. Indian Pride : Industry: Shipping Ref. Ukti Kalpataru by Raja Bhoj All in terms of “Hath” W = Ht and L = 2W
68. Indian Pride : Industry: Ship building References: 1. Yuktikalpataru by Narapati Bhoja(11th C.BC) 2. Surpala’s Vrikshayurveda by Surpala, Asian Agri-History Foundation, Secunderabad,1999 3. Kautily’s Arthashastra (400yrs BC) 4. Prachin Hindu Shilpashastra by K.V.Vaze Traditional materials used: 1. Teak wood 2. Red lead, gum, colpal are applied to planks to protect from sea corrosion. 3. Extract from Pipal, Vad, Umbar, Pimpri, Bel and Deodar is added to lac to prepare varnish 4. Tree Gums were mixed with cotton fibers to plug cracks in wooden planks of the hull
69. Indian Pride : Industry: Shipping Ukatan An epigraph on Surya Mandir at Javatuko in Ukatan province of Mexico, states that in year 845 Chief Sailor “Vusulin” from India visited the place. By ships Indians reached Mexico (more than 15000kms)
70. Indian Pride : Industry: Ship building in India 13th Century : Marco polo writes on one Indian ship, 3000-4000 bags were loaded. On upper deck many comfortable rooms were made. 15th Century: Traveler Nicolo Kanti reported “Indian ships are very big and could sustain terrible storms” Tourist Bartha writes “Indian ships used to travel within 10days from Kanyakumari to Iran” Vedas refer use of Boats (before 6000yrs) As per his diary kept in Spanish Museum, Vasko da Gama, saw a three times bigger ship in Jhanjibar and met its Guju owner named “Skanda”. Skanda was coming to India. With Skanda’s help Gama came to India and thus discovered way to India. In 1811, Lt. Walker writes that East India company had an Indian ship “Daria Daulat” which did not require maintenance for 87 years
71. Indian Pride : Industry: Ship building in India Walker in 1811 proved statistically that Indian ships are much cheaper and better in quality than English ships and so advised East India Company to use Indian ships only. Dr. Tailor writes when Indian ship landed in London, British sailors turned panicky. Board of directors of East India company wrote that after looking to our social life Indians will lose respect for us. On basis of committee report, appointed under Parliamentarian Robert Poll in 1814, an act was passed to ban Indian ships and Indian sailors from visiting British Ports In 1863, act was strictly implemented and heavy taxes were levied on the goods from Indian Ships to bring about the end the Indian Ship Industry Sir William Dingwi writes “ in such a way Western Queen killed Indian Sea Queen”
72. Indian Pride : Hair Styles
73. Indian Pride : Hair Styles
74. Indian Pride : Hair Styles
75. Indian Pride : Hair Styles