Swiftでデザインパターン10個

Java使いの人にもわかりやすい例にしたよ

Transcript

1. Swiftでデザインパターン10個 HatoChan
2. GoFのデザインパターン ෼ྨ ύλʔϯ໊ ੜ੒ "CTUSBDU
   'BDUPSZ
   'BDUPSZ
   .FUIPE
   4JOHMFUPO
   #VJMEFS
   1SPUPUZQF ߏ଄ "EBQUPS
   #SJEHF
   $PNQPTJUF
   %FDPSBUPS
   'BDBEF
   'MZXFJHIU
   1SPYZ ৼΔ෣͍ $IBJO
   PG
   3FTQPOTJCJMJUZ
   $PNNBOE
   *OUFSQSFUFS
   *UFSBUPS
   .FEJBUPS
   .FNFOUP
   0CTFSWFS
   4UBUF
   4USBUFHZ
   5FNQMBUF
   .FUIPE
   7JTJUPS
   
3. Singletonパターン class Singleton { class var shared : Singleton { struct Static { static let instance : Singleton = Singleton() } return Static.instance } } ! let instance = Singleton.shared TUSVDUͷTUBUJDఆ਺Ͱఆٛ class Singleton { class var sharedInstance : Singleton { struct Static { static var onceToken : dispatch_once_t = 0 static var instance : Singleton? = nil } dispatch_once(&Static.onceToken) { Static.instance = Singleton() } return Static.instance! } } class Singleton { class var sharedInstance : Singleton { return _SingletonSharedInstance } } let _SingletonSharedInstance = Singleton() άϩʔόϧม਺Ͱఆٛ EJTQBUDI@PODFͰ࣮૷ .FNP
   ! ΫϥεͷΠϯελϯε͕Ұ͔ͭ͠ͳ͍͜ͱΛ อূ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷύλʔϯͩΑɻ
   ! 4JOHMFUPOύλʔϯ͸TUSVDUͷTUBUJDఆ਺Ͱఆٛ͢Δͷ͕Ұ൪ ͖ͬ͢Γɻ
   ! タイププロパティ
   UZQF
   QSPQFSUJFT
   ΠϯελϯεͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ Ϋϥε΍ߏ଄ମɺenumࣗମʹϓϩύςΟΛఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱɻ
   TUSVDU
   4BNQMF4USVDUVSF
   \
   
   
   
   
   TUBUJD
   WBS
   UZQF1SPQFSUZ
   
   
   ^
   FOVN
   4BNQMF&OVNFSBUJPO
   \
   
   
   
   
   TUBUJD
   WBS
   UZQF1SPQFSUZ
   
   
   ^
   DMBTT
   4BNQMF$MBTT
   \
   
   
   
   
   DMBTT
   WBS
   UZQF1SPQFSUZ
   \
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   SFUVSO
   
   
   
   
   
   ^
   ^
   structͱenumɺ஋౉͠ͷ͜ΕΒͷλΠϓʹ͸staticΛ࢖͏ Αɻ ࢀর౉͠ͷclassʹ͸classΛ࢖͏Αɻ
4. Singletonパターン(つづき) class NabeApi { private class var shared : NabeApi { struct Static { static let instance : NabeApi = NabeApi() } return Static.instance } class func graphUser(string : String) { shared.graphMeLogic(string) } func graphMeLogic(string: String) { print("graphUserLogic: \(string)") } } ! NabeApi.graphUser("nabe") .FNP
   TIBSFEͱ͔TIBSFE*OTUBODF͸Ӆṭ ͯ͠λΠϓϝιουʹͨ͠ํ͕͔ͬ͜ ͍͍Α
5. Builderパターン class SampleBuilderClass { @IBOutlet var profileImageView: UIImageView? @IBOutlet var nameLabel: UILabel? ! typealias SampleBuilderClosure = (SampleBuilderClass) -> Void init(buildClosure: SampleBuilderClosure) { // 実際はInterface Builderで⽣生成 profileImageView = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 40)) nameLabel = UILabel(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 40, width: 320, height: 40)) buildClosure(self) } } ! let sampleBuilderClass = SampleBuilderClass(buildClosure: {(sampleBuilderInstance) -> Void in sampleBuilderInstance.nameLabel?.text = "hato" let url = NSURL.URLWithString("http://www.sekkisei.com/images/white_bb/img_main.png"); var err: NSError?; var imageData :NSData = NSData.dataWithContentsOfURL(url,options: NSDataReadingOptions.DataReadingMappedIfSafe, error: &err); sampleBuilderInstance.profileImageView?.image = UIImage(data:imageData) }) ! sampleBuilderClass.nameLabel?.text sampleBuilderClass.profileImageView?.image .FNP
   ΦϒδΣΫτͷੜ੒Λந৅Խͯ͠؆ܿʹ͢ΔύλʔϯͩΑɻෳࡶͳΫϥεɺ਺ଟ͘ͷΠ χγϟϥΠζύϥϝʔλʹ௚໘ͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ϏϧμʔΛݕ౼͢ΔΑɻΑ͘ϝιουνΣʔ ϯͷλΠϓΛݟΔ͚Ͳɺࠓճ͸DMPTVSFͰɻ
   DMPTVSFͷجຊܗ
   { (parameters) -> return type in statements } closureの書き⽅方は⾊色々あるよ closureの例 reversed = sorted(names, { (s1: String, s2: String) -> Bool in return s1 > s2 } ) 型推論 SFWFSTFE
   
   TPSUFE OBNFT
   \
   T
   T
   JO
   SFUVSO
   T
   
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   ^
   
   SFUVSOলུ
   SFWFSTFE
   
   TPSUFE OBNFT
   \
   T
   T
   JO
   T
   
   T
   ^
   
   γϣʔτϋϯυҾ਺໊
   SFWFSTFE
   
   TPSUFE OBNFT
   \
   
   
   
   ^
   
   0QFSBUPSؔ਺
   SFWFSTFE
   
   TPSUFE OBNFT
   
   
6. Prototypeパターン class PrototypeTextClass { var text: String? let font: UIFont init(font: UIFont) { self.font = font } func clone() -> PrototypeTextClass { return PrototypeTextClass(font:self.font) } } ! let prototypeText = PrototypeTextClass(font:UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14.0)) ! let nabeText = prototypeText.clone() nabeText.text = "nabe" ! let horiminText = prototypeText.clone() horiminText.text = "horimin" .FNP
   ! ΋ͱͷΠϯελϯεΛݪܕͱͯ͠Π ϯελϯεΛੜ੒͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δͨ ΊͷύλʔϯͩΑɻ
   ! KBWBͩͱݴޠ࢓༷ͱͯ͠DMPOFBCMFΠϯλ ϑΣʔε͕͋ΔΑɻ
   ! KBWBTDSJQU͸શͯͷؔ਺ΦϒδΣΫτʹ QSPUPUZQFϓϩύςΟ͕͋ΔΑɻΦϒδΣ Ϋτ͸ผͳΦϒδΣΫτΛϓϩτλΠϓʹ ͯ͠ಠࣗͷಛ௃Λ෇Ճ͍ͯ͘͠ͱ͍͏ߟ͑ ํͷϓϩτλΠϓϕʔεΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ ݴޠͩΑɻ
   
7. Compositeパターン protocol FileProtocol { func remove() -> Void } ! class File : FileProtocol { var name : String? init(name: String) { self.name = name } func remove() -> Void{ print("Remove \(self.name)") } } ! class Directory : FileProtocol { var name : String? lazy var files : Array<FileProtocol> = [] init(name: String) { self.name = name } ! func add(file : FileProtocol) -> Void { self.files.append(file) } func remove() -> Void { for f in self.files { f.remove() } print("Remove \(self.name)") } } ! ! let d1 : Directory = Directory(name:"maruko") let f1 : File = File(name:"tasaka") let f2 : File = File(name:"nabe") d1.add(f1) d1.add(f2) let d2 : Directory = Directory(name:"fujiwara") let f3 : File = File(name:"nose") d2.add(f3) d1.add(d2) d1.remove() .FNP
   ෳ਺ͷཁૉ͔ΒͳΔෳ߹ΦϒδΣ ΫτΛ۠ผͳ͘ѻ͑Δ͜ͱͰɺ࠶ ؼతͳߏ଄ͷऔΓѻ͍Λ༰қʹ͢ Δ΋ͷͩΑ
   ! 配列定義 var shoppingList: Array<String> = ["Eggs", “Milk”] ! 短縮 var shoppingLis1: [String] = ["Eggs", "Milk"] ! 型推論 var shoppingList = ["Eggs", "Milk"] ! ! lazy 必要になるまでインスタンス化されない
8. Facedeパターン class UserDefaultsFacade { class func setObject(value: AnyObject!, forKey defaultName: String!) { let ud : NSUserDefaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults() ud.setObject(value, forKey:defaultName) ud.synchronize() } class func objectForKey(defaultName: String!) -> AnyObject! { let ud:NSUserDefaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults() return ud.objectForKey(defaultName) } } ! UserDefaultsFacade.setObject("nabe", forKey:"key1") UserDefaultsFacade.objectForKey("key1") .FNP
   ෳࡶͳॲཧΛγϯϓϧͳ*'Ͱݺͼग़ ͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢ΔύλʔϯͩΑɻ
   !
9. Adapterパターン protocol Target { func requiredMethod() } ! class Adaptee { func oldMethod() { println(__FUNCTION__) } } ! //継承 class AdapterA: Adaptee, Target { func requiredMethod() { super.oldMethod() } } ! //委譲 class AdapterB: Target { var adaptee : Adaptee = Adaptee() func requiredMethod() { adaptee.oldMethod() } } ! AdapterA().requiredMethod() AdapterB().requiredMethod() .FNP
   ΠϯλϑΣʔεʹޓ׵ੑͷແ͍Ϋϥ εಉ࢜Λ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱΛ໨త ͱͨ͠ύλʔϯͩΑɻ
   ! ܧঝΛ࢖ͬͨํ๏ͱҕৡΛ࢖ͬͨ ํ๏͕͋ΔΑɻ
   ! 4XJGU͸FYUFOUJPOͰ֦ு͢Δ͜ͱ ΋Ͱ͖ΔΑ
   extension Adaptee: Target { func requiredMethod() { self.oldMethod() } } ! Adaptee().requiredMethod()
10. Bridgeパターン .FNP
    ʮڮʯͷ໾ׂΛՌͨ͢ύλʔϯͩ Αɻ
    ! ػೳͷ֦ுͱ࣮૷ͷ֦ுΛ෼͚ͯ ߟ͑ΔύλʔϯͩΑɻ৽͍͠ػೳΛ ௥Ճ αϒΫϥεͰ*'ʹͳ͍ػೳΛ ௥Ճ ͠Α͏ͱͨ͠৔߹ʹɺ࣮૷ʢα ϒΫϥεͰ*'Λ࣮૷ʣΛҙࣝͤͣʹ ػೳ֦ு͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ
    protocol Car { var engine: Engine {get set} func start() } ! class MiniCooper: Car { var engine: Engine init(engine: Engine) { self.engine = engine } func start() { self.engine.on() } } ! class ToyotaHarrier: Car { var engine: Engine init(engine: Engine) { self.engine = engine } func start() { self.engine.on() } } ! protocol Engine { func on() } ! class Engine1600 : Engine { func on() { println("MiniCooper engine 1600") } } ! class Engine2400 : Engine { func on() { println("ToyotaHarrier engine 2400") } } ! var miniCooper = MiniCooper(engine: Engine1600()) miniCooper.start() ! var toyotaHarrier = ToyotaHarrier(engine: Engine2400()) toyotaHarrier.start() class TurboEngine : Engine { var engine : Engine init(engine: Engine) { self.engine = engine } func on() { turboOn() engine.on() } ! func turboOn() { println("Turbo engine start") } } ! var miniCooperTurbo = MiniCooper(engine: TurboEngine(engine:Engine1600())) miniCooperTurbo.start()
11. Decoratorパターン class RequestHeader { var header: String init(_ header: String) { print("ヘッダー設定処理") self.header = header } } ! class RequestAuthHeader { var requestHeader : RequestHeader init(_ requestHeader : RequestHeader) { self.requestHeader = requestHeader print("Authヘッダーがなければ追加処理") self.requestHeader.header = self.requestHeader.header + "; nabeAuth : lebel99" } ! } ! RequestHeader("nabe : 31") RequestAuthHeader(RequestHeader("nabe : 31")) .FNP
    %FDPSBUPSύλʔϯ͸ɺ΋ͱͱͳ ΔΦϒδΣΫτʹɺػೳΛ০Γ෇ ͚ͯɺཁٻʹ͋͏ΦϒδΣΫτʹ ࢓্ཱ͍ͯ͛ͯ͘ύλʔϯͩΑɻ
    ϥούʔύλʔϯͱݺ͹ΕΔ͜ͱ ΋͋ΔΑɻ
    ! KBWBͩͱOFX
    #V⒎FSFE0VUQVU4USFBN OFX
    'JMF0VUQVU4USFBN lOBCFUYUz 
    ͱ͔ݟͨ͜ͱ͋ΔΑͶ
12. Strategyパターン class Report { ! let strategy: Formatter ! init(_ strategy: Formatter) { self.strategy = strategy } func output(string: String) -> String { return self.strategy.format(title: string) } } ! protocol Formatter { func format(#title: String) -> String } ! class HtmlFormatter : Formatter { func format(#title:String) -> String { //html format処理 print("htmlformat: \(title)") return title } } ! class JsonFormatter : Formatter { func format(#title:String) -> String { //json format処理 print("jsonformat: \(title)") return title } } ! ! Report(HtmlFormatter()).output("string") Report(JsonFormatter()).output("string") .FNP
    ઓུύλʔϯɻ4USBUFHZ
    ύλʔϯ Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺઓུͷ੾Γସ͑ ΍௥Ճ͕؆୯ʹߦ͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔΑɻ ! ! &YUFSOBM
    1BSBNFUFS
    /BNFT
    4XJGUͰ͸໊લ෇͖ύϥϝλ͕࢖͑ΔΑɻ
    ΠχγϟϥΠβͱୈೋҾ਺Ҏ߱͸ϥϕϧΛ෇͚ͯݺ ͼग़͢ඞཁ͕͋ΔΑɻ
    ! ΞϯμʔείΞ
    
    @
    
    ͸ɺҾ਺͕ࣗ໌Ͱϥϕϧ͕ඞ ཁͳ͍৔߹ʹ࢖͏Αɻ
    ! ֎͔Βݟ͑Δϥϕϧͱؔ਺಺Ͱ࢖͏ม਺໊͸ಉ͡৔ ߹͕ଟ͍ͱ͓΋͏ͷͰγϟʔϓʢʣͰ͋ΒΘͤΔ Αɻ
    
13. Observerパターン var nabe: String = "masataka" { willSet{ print("now: \(nabe)") // set 前の値 print("new: \(newValue)") // set 予定の値 } ! didSet{ print("now: \(nabe)") // set 後の値 print("old: \(oldValue)") // set 前の値 } } ! nabe = "masayasu" .FNP
    0CTFSWFSύλʔϯ͸ɺঢ়ଶͷมԽ Λ؍࡯͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠ύλʔ ϯͩΑɻ
    ! $PDPB͸,FZ7BMVF
    0CTFSWJOH ,70 ͕0CTFSWFSύ λʔϯͩΑɻ
    ! KBWBͩͱݴޠ࢓༷Ͱ0CTFSWBCMF ͱ0CTFSWFS Λ࢖࣮ͬͯ૷Ͱ͖Δ Αɻ
14. まとめ ! 無理に当てはめる必要はないけど、 設計に⾏行き詰った時とかに思い出してみてね。
15. おしまい