Rust Introduction @ Rust Meetup Taipei #1

Transcript

2. about:me Kan-Ru Chen • Mozilla • Debian Developer • C/C++, Python, Lisp, Rust kanru@kanru.info CC-BY-SA
3. Rust Rust is a programming language with a focus on type safety, memory safety, concurrency and performance.
4. Outline • Getting Started • Language Features • Tool Around Rust • Rust Community
5. Getting Started • The Rust Programming Language Book ◦ Rust 程式語言 • Rust Primer • Rust Playground
6. Rust Syntax struct RustTw { talk: &’static str } impl RustTw { fn hello(&self) -> () { println!(“Hello {}”, self.talk); } } fn main() { let rusttw = RustTw { talk: &“Rust” }; rusttw.hello(); }
7. Memory Safety
8. Null Pointer
9. Unsafe C Program int *compute(void) { int answer = 42; return &answer; } int find_answer() { return *compute(); //Crash }
10. Incorrect Rust Program fn compute() -> &int { let answer: int = 42; return &answer; } fn find_answer() -> int { return *compute(); //Error }
11. test.rs:3:12: 3:19 error: `answer` does not live long enough test.rs:3 return &answer; ^~~~~~~ test.rs:1:22: 4:2 note: reference must be valid for the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the block at 1:21... test.rs:1 fn compute() -> &int { test.rs:2 let answer: int = 42; test.rs:3 return &answer; test.rs:4 } test.rs:1:22: 4:2 note: ...but borrowed value is only valid for the block at 1:21 test.rs:1 fn compute() -> &int { test.rs:2 let answer: int = 42; test.rs:3 return &answer; test.rs:4 } error: aborting due to previous error
12. Ownership Of Memory // C++ int *a = new int; *a = 123; int *b = a; free(b); printf(“%d\n”, *a);
13. Ownership Of Memory // Rust let a = Foo; let b = a; println!("{}", a); test.rs:4:21: 4:22 error: use of moved value: `a` test.rs:4 println!("{}", *a); ^
14. Foreign Function Interface
15. C Compatibility Structs are laid out the same way in C in memory (so you can read from a Rust struct in C, and vice-versa).
16. Foreign Libraries extern crate libc; use libc::c_uint; #[link(name = "gtk-3")] extern { fn gtk_get_major_version() -> c_uint; } fn main() { unsafe { // Call unsafe function println!("gtk major version {}", gtk_get_major_version()); } }
17. Calling Rust From C // Rust #[no_mangle] pub extern fn hello() { println!("Hello World!"); } // C extern void hello(); int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { hello(); } gcc test.c -llib-b47d76b0-0.0 -L. -lpthread -lm -ldl
18. Standard Library
19. Standard Library std::vec::Vec std::sync std::comm std::mem std::str std::rc::Rc • Crates ◦ sync ◦ getopts ◦ libc ◦ log ◦ rand ◦ term ◦ url ◦ uuid
20. Minimum Core Language • Aimed for System Programming • Standard Library ◦ Thread ◦ Channel ◦ GC / Reference Counted Pointer
21. Not in this talk • Algebra Types • Traits • Generics • Pattern Matching • Named lifetime • Module system • ...
22. Tools Rust
23. Tools around Rust • Cargo ◦ Crates.io • Editor Support ◦ Vim, Emacs, Atom, Visual Studio Code • Rustdoc • Racer • Rustfmt
24. Community • GitHub: http://github.com/mozilla/rust http://github.com/rust-lang • Reddit: http://reddit.com/r/rust • Mailing List: https://mail.mozilla. org/listinfo/rust-dev • IRC: #rust @ irc.mozilla.org
25. Projects Using Rust • Rust: the compiler, 60,000+ lines at the time of writing, is written in Rust. • Servo: a prototype web parallel browser engine written in the Rust language. • Redox OS: a new posix like OS written in Rust.