Introduction to Asyncio stack

Introduction to Asyncio Stack
Igor Davydenko
2015, Lviv.py#4

View Slide

Asyncio Stack is
…

View Slide

asyncio
Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines, and tasks
https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f h
e
l
l
o
(
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n "
H
e
l
l
o
, w
o
r
l
d
!
"
l
o
o
p = a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
g
e
t
_
e
v
e
n
t
_
l
o
o
p
(
)
l
o
o
p
.
r
u
n
_
u
n
t
i
l
_
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
(
h
e
l
l
o
(
)
)
l
o
o
p
.
c
l
o
s
e
(
)
Included in Python 3.4 and later
Available in Python 3.3 with $ p
i
p i
n
s
t
a
l
l a
s
y
n
c
i
o
Backported to Python 2.7 as trollius (I don't recommend to use it anyway)

View Slide

aiohttp
HTTP client/server for asyncio
Latest version: 0
.
1
6
.
2
http://aiohttp.readthedocs.org/
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
i
m
p
o
r
t a
i
o
h
t
t
p
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f f
e
t
c
h
_
p
a
g
e
(
u
r
l
)
:
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
.
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
(
'
G
E
T
'
, u
r
l
)
a
s
s
e
r
t r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
.
s
t
a
t
u
s =
= 2
0
0
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
.
r
e
a
d
(
)
)
l
o
o
p = a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
g
e
t
_
e
v
e
n
t
_
l
o
o
p
(
)
c
o
n
t
e
n
t = l
o
o
p
.
r
u
n
_
u
n
t
i
l
_
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
(
f
e
t
c
h
_
p
a
g
e
(
'
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
l
v
i
v
p
y
.
o
r
g
.
u
a
/
'
)
)
p
r
i
n
t
(
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
)
l
o
o
p
.
c
l
o
s
e
(
)

View Slide

aiohttp.web
Web framework for asyncio
http://aiohttp.readthedocs.org/en/v0.16.2/web.html
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p i
m
p
o
r
t w
e
b
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f h
e
l
l
o
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
b
o
d
y
=
'
H
e
l
l
o
, w
o
r
l
d
!
'
, c
o
n
t
e
n
t
_
t
y
p
e
=
'
t
e
x
t
/
p
l
a
i
n
'
)
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
)
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
'
, h
e
l
l
o
)
$ g
u
n
i
c
o
r
n -
k a
i
o
h
t
t
p
.
w
o
r
k
e
r
.
G
u
n
i
c
o
r
n
W
e
b
W
o
r
k
e
r -
w 9 -
t 6
0 a
p
p
:
a
p
p

View Slide

aiopg
Accessing PostgreSQL database from the asyncio
Latest version: 0
.
7
.
0
http://aiopg.readthedocs.org/
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
f
r
o
m a
i
o
p
g i
m
p
o
r
t c
r
e
a
t
e
_
p
o
o
l
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f h
e
l
l
o
(
d
s
n
)
:
p
o
o
l = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
r
e
a
t
e
_
p
o
o
l
(
d
s
n
)
w
i
t
h (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m p
o
o
l
.
c
u
r
s
o
r
(
)
) a
s c
u
r
s
o
r
:
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
u
r
s
o
r
.
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
(
'
S
E
L
E
C
T 1
'
)
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
u
r
s
o
r
.
f
e
t
c
h
o
n
e
(
)
a
s
s
e
r
t s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d =
= (
1
, )
l
o
o
p = a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
g
e
t
_
e
v
e
n
t
_
l
o
o
p
(
)
l
o
o
p
.
r
u
n
_
u
n
t
i
l
_
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
(
h
e
l
l
o
(
'
d
b
n
a
m
e
=
a
i
o
p
g u
s
e
r
=
.
.
. p
a
s
s
w
o
r
d
=
.
.
. h
o
s
t
=
.
.
.
'
)
)
l
o
o
p
.
c
l
o
s
e
(
)

View Slide

aioredis / asyncio_redis
Accessing Redis datasotre from the asyncio
a
i
o
r
e
d
i
s from
a
i
o
-
l
i
b
s
Latest version: 0
.
1
.
5
http://aioredis.readthedocs.org/
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
_
r
e
d
i
s from third-party developers
Latest version: 0
.
1
3
.
4
http://asyncio-redis.readthedocs.org/
Supports PUB/SUB

View Slide

And many others
Python Asyncio Resources
MySQL: aiomysql
Mongo: asyncio_mongo
CouchDB: aiocouchdb
ElasticSearch: aioes
Memcached: aiomcache
AMQP: aioamqp
ØMQ: aiozmq

View Slide

And many others
All Asyncio projects @ PyPI
S3: aio-s3
SSH: asyncssh
Autobahn, WebSocket & WAMP
RxPY, Reactive Extensions for Python
Pulsar, Concurrent framework for Python

View Slide

Even web-frameworks available
muffin
Induction
Spanner.py
Growler

View Slide

aiohttp.web

View Slide

Architecture
All starts from view functions (handlers)
View functions should be a coroutine, and return
w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p i
m
p
o
r
t w
e
b
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f i
n
d
e
x
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
b
o
d
y
=
'
H
e
l
l
o
, w
o
r
l
d
!
'
, c
o
n
t
e
n
t
_
t
y
p
e
=
'
t
e
x
t
/
p
l
a
i
n
'
)
It's good idea to put all view functions to
v
i
e
w
s
.
p
y module

View Slide

Architecture
Next you need to create an
w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
And register handler for a request
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p i
m
p
o
r
t w
e
b
f
r
o
m . i
m
p
o
r
t v
i
e
w
s
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
)
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
i
n
d
e
x
)
Obvious to put application code to
a
p
p
.
p
y module

View Slide

Architecture
Now you ready to serve your application
I recommend to use Gunicorn
$ g
u
n
i
c
o
r
n -
b 0
.
0
.
0
.
0
:
8
0
0
0 -
k a
i
o
h
t
t
p
.
w
o
r
k
e
r
.
G
u
n
i
c
o
r
n
W
e
b
W
o
r
k
e
r -
w 9 -
t 6
0 p
r
o
j
e
c
t
.
a
p
p
:
a
p
p
Add
-
-
r
e
l
o
a
d flag to automatically reload Gunicorn server on code change

View Slide

Handling GET/POST data
In views.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f s
e
a
r
c
h
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
"
"
"
S
e
a
r
c
h b
y q
u
e
r
y f
r
o
m G
E
T p
a
r
a
m
s
.
"
"
"
q
u
e
r
y = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
G
E
T
[
'
q
u
e
r
y
'
]
l
o
c
a
l
e = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
G
E
T
.
g
e
t
(
'
l
o
c
a
l
e
'
, '
u
k
_
U
A
'
)
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
.
.
.
)

View Slide

In views.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f s
u
b
m
i
t
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
"
"
"
S
u
b
m
i
t f
o
r
m P
O
S
T d
a
t
a
.
"
"
"
d
a
t
a = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
p
o
s
t
(
)
# N
o
w P
O
S
T d
a
t
a a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e a
s `
`
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
P
O
S
T
`
`
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
.
.
.
)

View Slide

In app.py,
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
s
e
a
r
c
h
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
s
e
a
r
c
h
)
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
P
O
S
T
'
, '
/
s
u
b
m
i
t
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
s
u
b
m
i
t
)

View Slide

Handling variable routes
In views.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f p
r
o
j
e
c
t
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
m
a
t
c
h
_
i
n
f
o
[
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
'
]
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
.
.
.
)

View Slide

Handling variable routes
In app.py,
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
/
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
}
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
)
Or even,
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
/
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
:
\
d
+
}
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
)

View Slide

Named routes, reverse constructing, and redirect
In app.py,
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
, n
a
m
e
=
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
)
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
P
O
S
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
)

View Slide

Named routes, reverse constructing, and redirect
In views.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
d
a
t
a = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
p
o
s
t
(
)
.
.
.
u
r
l = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
[
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
]
.
u
r
l
(
)
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
H
T
T
P
F
o
u
n
d
(
u
r
l
)
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
.
.
.

View Slide

You don't need to f
r
o
m a
p
p i
m
p
o
r
t a
p
p
Or
f
r
o
m f
l
a
s
k i
m
p
o
r
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t
_
a
p
p either
Request contains
a
p
p instance for all your needs
In app.py,
f
r
o
m . i
m
p
o
r
t s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
.
.
.
a
p
p
[
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
] = s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s

View Slide

You don't need to f
r
o
m a
p
p i
m
p
o
r
t a
p
p
In views.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f s
e
a
r
c
h
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
[
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
]
q
u
e
r
y = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
G
E
T
[
'
q
u
e
r
y
'
]
l
o
c
a
l
e = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
G
E
T
.
g
e
t
(
'
l
o
c
a
l
e
'
, s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
.
D
E
F
A
U
L
T
_
L
O
C
A
L
E
)
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
.
.
.
)

View Slide

Middlewares
w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n accepts optional middlewares factories sequence
Middleware Factory should be a coroutine and returns a coroutine
In app.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f t
r
i
v
i
a
l
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
a
p
p
, h
a
n
d
l
e
r
)
:
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m h
a
n
d
l
e
r
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
)
r
e
t
u
r
n m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
.
.
.
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
s
=
[
t
r
i
v
i
a
l
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
]
)

View Slide

Middlewares
Ready to use Middlewares
User Sessions,
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
Debug Toolbar,
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
d
e
b
u
g
t
o
o
l
b
a
r
In app.py,
i
m
p
o
r
t a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
d
e
b
u
g
t
o
o
l
b
a
r
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
d
e
b
u
g
t
o
o
l
b
a
r i
m
p
o
r
t t
o
o
l
b
a
r
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
_
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n i
m
p
o
r
t s
e
s
s
i
o
n
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
.
c
o
o
k
i
e
_
s
t
o
r
a
g
e i
m
p
o
r
t E
n
c
r
y
p
t
e
d
C
o
o
k
i
e
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
s
=
[
t
o
o
l
b
a
r
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
_
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
,
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
E
n
c
r
y
p
t
e
d
C
o
o
k
i
e
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
(
b
'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
'
)
)
]
)
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
d
e
b
u
g
t
o
o
l
b
a
r
.
s
e
t
u
p
(
a
p
p
)

View Slide

Middlewares
Handling Exceptions
In app.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f e
r
r
o
r
h
a
n
d
l
e
r
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
a
p
p
, h
a
n
d
l
e
r
)
:
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
t
r
y
:
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m h
a
n
d
l
e
r
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
)
e
x
c
e
p
t w
e
b
.
H
T
T
P
E
r
r
o
r a
s e
r
r
:
# A
s i
t s
p
e
c
i
a
l c
a
s
e w
e c
o
u
l
d p
a
s
s `
`
e
r
r
`
` a
s s
e
c
o
n
d a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t t
o
# e
r
r
o
r h
a
n
d
l
e
r
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m v
i
e
w
s
.
e
r
r
o
r
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
, e
r
r
)
)
r
e
t
u
r
n m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e

View Slide

User Sessions
aiohttp_session
Latest version: 0
.
1
.
1
Supports storing session data in encrypted cookie or redis
Enabled by passing
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e to middleware factories sequence
In views.py,
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n i
m
p
o
r
t g
e
t
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f l
o
g
i
n
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
.
.
.
s
e
s
s
i
o
n = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m g
e
t
_
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
[
'
u
s
e
r
_
i
d
'
] = u
s
e
r
_
i
d
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
.
.
.
)

View Slide

Rendering Templates
Jinja2 & Mako supported via aiohttp_jinja2 & aiohttp_mako
Jinja2 Support
In app.py,
i
m
p
o
r
t a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
i
m
p
o
r
t j
i
n
j
a
2
.
.
.
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
.
s
e
t
u
p
(
a
p
p
,
l
o
a
d
e
r
=
j
i
n
j
a
2
.
F
i
l
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
L
o
a
d
e
r
(
'
/
p
a
t
h
/
t
o
/
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
s
'
)
)

View Slide

Rendering Templates
Jinja2 Support
In views.py,
i
m
p
o
r
t a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
@
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
.
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
(
'
i
n
d
e
x
.
h
t
m
l
'
)
d
e
f i
n
d
e
x
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n {
'
i
s
_
i
n
d
e
x
'
: T
r
u
e
}

View Slide

Rendering Templates
Jinja2 Support
In views.py,
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2 i
m
p
o
r
t r
e
n
d
e
r
_
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f i
n
d
e
x
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n r
e
n
d
e
r
_
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
(
'
i
n
d
e
x
.
h
t
m
l
'
, r
e
q
u
e
s
t
, {
'
i
s
_
i
n
d
e
x
'
: T
r
u
e
}
)

View Slide

Rendering JSON
In utils.py,
i
m
p
o
r
t u
j
s
o
n
f
r
o
m a
i
o
h
t
t
p i
m
p
o
r
t w
e
b
d
e
f j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
d
a
t
a
, *
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)
:
# S
o
m
e
t
i
m
e
s u
s
e
r n
e
e
d
s t
o o
v
e
r
r
i
d
e d
e
f
a
u
l
t c
o
n
t
e
n
t t
y
p
e f
o
r J
S
O
N
k
w
a
r
g
s
.
s
e
t
d
e
f
a
u
l
t
(
'
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
_
t
y
p
e
'
, '
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
/
j
s
o
n
'
)
r
e
t
u
r
n w
e
b
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
u
j
s
o
n
.
d
u
m
p
s
(
d
a
t
a
)
, *
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)
Note: I recommend to use ujson for work with JSON data in Python, cause of speed.

View Slide

Rendering JSON
In views.py,
f
r
o
m .
u
t
i
l
s i
m
p
o
r
t j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f a
p
i
_
b
r
o
w
s
e
r
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
{
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
_
u
r
l
'
: r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
[
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
]
.
u
r
l
(
)
,
}
)

View Slide

Serving Static Files
Important: It's highly recommend to use nginx, Apache, or other web server for serving static
files in production.
In app.py,
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
s
t
a
t
i
c
(
'
/
s
t
a
t
i
c
'
, '
/
p
a
t
h
/
t
o
/
s
t
a
t
i
c
'
, n
a
m
e
=
'
s
t
a
t
i
c
'
)

View Slide

In views.py,
@
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
.
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
(
'
i
n
d
e
x
.
h
t
m
l
'
)
d
e
f i
n
d
e
x
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
e
t
u
r
n {
'
a
p
p
'
: r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
, '
i
s
_
i
n
d
e
x
'
: T
r
u
e
}

View Slide

In index.html,
<
s
c
r
i
p
t s
r
c
=
"
{
{ a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
s
t
a
t
i
c
.
u
r
l
(
f
i
l
e
n
a
m
e
=
"
d
i
s
t
/
j
s
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
.
j
s
"
) }
}
"
t
y
p
e
=
"
t
e
x
t
/
j
a
v
a
s
c
r
i
p
t
"
>
<
/
s
c
r
i
p
t
>

View Slide

And More
WebSockets
Expect Header
Custom Conditions for Routes Lookup
Class Based Handlers
And I say it again, WebSockets

View Slide

aiopg

View Slide

Basics
Supports SQLAlchemy core (functional SQL layer)
So you able to describe tables with SQLAlchemy and then execute queries
Maybe you will miss ORM, but man, ORM is overrated :)
Also implements asyncio DBAPI like interface for PostgreSQL

View Slide

Basics
i
m
p
o
r
t s
q
l
a
l
c
h
e
m
y a
s s
a
m
e
t
a
d
a
t
a = s
a
.
M
e
t
a
D
a
t
a
(
)
u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e = s
a
.
T
a
b
l
e
(
'
u
s
e
r
s
'
,
m
e
t
a
d
a
t
a
,
s
a
.
C
o
l
u
m
n
(
'
i
d
'
, s
a
.
I
n
t
e
g
e
r
, p
r
i
m
a
r
y
_
k
e
y
=
T
r
u
e
)
,
s
a
.
C
o
l
u
m
n
(
'
e
m
a
i
l
'
, s
a
.
U
n
i
c
o
d
e
(
2
5
5
)
, u
n
i
q
u
e
=
T
r
u
e
)
,
s
a
.
C
o
l
u
m
n
(
'
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
_
n
a
m
e
'
, s
a
.
U
n
i
c
o
d
e
(
6
4
)
, n
u
l
l
a
b
l
e
=
T
r
u
e
)
,
)

View Slide

Basics
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
f
r
o
m a
i
o
p
g
.
s
a i
m
p
o
r
t c
r
e
a
t
e
_
e
n
g
i
n
e
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f g
e
t
_
u
s
e
r
(
d
s
n
, u
s
e
r
_
i
d
)
:
e
n
g
i
n
e = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
r
e
a
t
e
_
e
n
g
i
n
e
(
d
s
n
)
w
i
t
h (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m e
n
g
i
n
e
) a
s c
o
n
n
:
q
u
e
r
y = u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
.
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
.
c
.
i
d =
= u
s
e
r
_
i
d
)
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
o
n
n
.
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
(
q
u
e
r
y
)
)
.
f
i
r
s
t
(
)
)
l
o
o
p = a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
g
e
t
_
e
v
e
n
t
_
l
o
o
p
(
)
u
s
e
r = l
o
o
p
.
r
u
n
_
u
n
t
i
l
_
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
(
g
e
t
_
u
s
e
r
(
'
p
o
s
t
g
r
e
s
:
/
/
.
.
.
'
, 1
)
)
p
r
i
n
t
(
u
s
e
r
)
l
o
o
p
.
c
l
o
s
e
(
)

View Slide

Integration with aiohttp.web
Common practice is describing tables and place functions to manipulate data in one place,
e.g.,
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
.
p
y module
Put
_
t
a
b
l
e suffix to every described table, e.g.,
u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
, not just
u
s
e
r
s
Connect to database in middleware factory
Store database connection in main app instance to avoid overflow

View Slide

In app.py,
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f d
b
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
a
p
p
, h
a
n
d
l
e
r
)
:
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
d
b = a
p
p
.
g
e
t
(
'
d
b
'
)
i
f n
o
t d
b
:
a
p
p
[
'
d
b
'
] = d
b = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
r
e
a
t
e
_
e
n
g
i
n
e
(
a
p
p
[
'
d
s
n
'
]
)
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
[
'
d
b
'
] = d
b
r
e
t
u
r
n (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m h
a
n
d
l
e
r
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
)
r
e
t
u
r
n m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
s
=
[
d
b
_
m
i
d
d
l
e
w
a
r
e
]
)
a
p
p
[
'
d
s
n
'
] = '
p
o
s
t
g
r
e
s
:
/
/
u
s
e
r
:
p
a
s
s
w
o
r
d
@
1
2
7
.
0
.
0
.
1
:
5
4
3
2
/
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
'
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
u
s
e
r
s
/
{
u
s
e
r
_
i
d
:
\
d
+
}
'
, v
i
e
w
s
.
u
s
e
r
_
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
)

View Slide

In views.py,
f
r
o
m .
s
t
o
r
a
g
e i
m
p
o
r
t u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
@
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
_
j
i
n
j
a
2
.
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
(
'
u
s
e
r
_
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
.
h
t
m
l
'
)
d
e
f u
s
e
r
_
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
u
s
e
r
_
i
d = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
m
a
t
c
h
_
i
n
f
o
[
'
u
s
e
r
_
i
d
'
]
w
i
t
h (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
[
'
d
b
'
]
) a
s c
o
n
n
:
q
u
e
r
y = u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
.
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
u
s
e
r
s
_
t
a
b
l
e
.
c
.
i
d =
= u
s
e
r
_
i
d
)
u
s
e
r = y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m (
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m c
o
n
n
.
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
(
q
u
e
r
y
)
)
.
f
i
r
s
t
(
)
i
f n
o
t u
s
e
r
:
r
a
i
s
e w
e
b
.
H
T
T
P
N
o
t
F
o
u
n
d
(
)
r
e
t
u
r
n {
'
u
s
e
r
'
: u
s
e
r
}

View Slide

More?
You have SQLAlchemy under the hood
And SQLAlchemy still saving the world

View Slide

aioredis / asyncio_redis

View Slide

Real World Usage

View Slide

Structure
yourproject
api
storage.py
views.py
auth
api.py
views.py
static
templates
app.py
settings.py
storage.py
views.py

View Slide

Add Route Context Manager
f
r
o
m c
o
n
t
e
x
t
l
i
b i
m
p
o
r
t c
o
n
t
e
x
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
@
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
d
e
f a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
_
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
(
a
p
p
, v
i
e
w
s
, u
r
l
_
p
r
e
f
i
x
=
N
o
n
e
, n
a
m
e
_
p
r
e
f
i
x
=
N
o
n
e
)
:
d
e
f a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
m
e
t
h
o
d
, u
r
l
, n
a
m
e
)
:
v
i
e
w = g
e
t
a
t
t
r
(
v
i
e
w
s
, n
a
m
e
)
u
r
l = (
'
/
'
.
j
o
i
n
(
(
u
r
l
_
p
r
e
f
i
x
.
r
s
t
r
i
p
(
'
/
'
)
, u
r
l
.
l
s
t
r
i
p
(
'
/
'
)
)
)
i
f u
r
l
_
p
r
e
f
i
x
e
l
s
e u
r
l
)
n
a
m
e = '
.
'
.
j
o
i
n
(
(
n
a
m
e
_
p
r
e
f
i
x
, n
a
m
e
)
) i
f n
a
m
e
_
p
r
e
f
i
x e
l
s
e n
a
m
e
r
e
t
u
r
n a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
.
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
m
e
t
h
o
d
, u
r
l
, v
i
e
w
, n
a
m
e
=
n
a
m
e
)
r
e
t
u
r
n a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e

View Slide

In app.py,
f
r
o
m .
a
p
i i
m
p
o
r
t v
i
e
w
s a
s a
p
i
_
v
i
e
w
s
w
i
t
h a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
_
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
(
a
p
p
, a
p
i
_
v
i
e
w
s
, '
/
a
p
i
'
, '
a
p
i
'
) a
s a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
:
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
'
, '
i
n
d
e
x
'
)
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
, '
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
)
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
P
O
S
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
, '
a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
)
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
G
E
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
/
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
:
\
d
+
}
'
, '
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
)
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
P
U
T
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
/
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
:
\
d
+
}
'
, '
e
d
i
t
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
)
a
d
d
_
r
o
u
t
e
(
'
D
E
L
E
T
E
'
, '
/
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
/
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
:
\
d
+
}
'
, '
d
e
l
e
t
e
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
)

View Slide

In api/views.py,
i
m
p
o
r
t a
s
y
n
c
i
o
f
r
o
m .
.
u
t
i
l
s i
m
p
o
r
t j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f i
n
d
e
x
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
r
o
u
t
e
r = r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
u
r
l = r
o
u
t
e
r
[
'
a
p
i
.
p
r
o
e
j
c
t
'
]
.
u
r
l
(
p
a
r
t
s
=
{
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
'
: 4
2
}
)
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
u
r
l = p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
u
r
l
.
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
(
'
4
2
'
, '
{
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
i
d
}
'
)
r
e
t
u
r
n j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
{
'
u
r
l
s
'
: {
'
a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
: r
o
u
t
e
r
[
'
a
p
i
.
a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
]
.
u
r
l
(
)
,
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
'
: p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
u
r
l
,
'
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
: r
o
u
t
e
r
[
'
a
p
i
.
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
'
]
.
u
r
l
(
)
,
}
}
)

View Slide

Immutable Settings
Python 3.3+ has
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
T
y
p
e
P
r
o
x
y
Settings shouldn't be changed across the app
Welcome, rororo.settings
In app.py,
f
r
o
m r
o
r
o
r
o
.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s i
m
p
o
r
t i
m
m
u
t
a
b
l
e
_
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m . i
m
p
o
r
t s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
d
e
f c
r
e
a
t
e
_
a
p
p
(
*
*
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
)
:
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
_
d
i
c
t = i
m
m
u
t
a
b
l
e
_
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
(
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
, *
*
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
)
a
p
p = w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
)
a
p
p
[
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
] = s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
_
d
i
c
t
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n a
p
p

View Slide

Other Settings & Logging Helpers
rororo.settings
i
n
j
e
c
t
_
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
s
e
t
u
p
_
l
o
c
a
l
e
s
e
t
u
p
_
l
o
g
g
i
n
g
s
e
t
u
p
_
t
i
m
e
z
o
m
e
t
o
_
b
o
o
l
rororo.logger
d
e
f
a
u
l
t
_
l
o
g
g
i
n
g
_
d
i
c
t
u
p
d
a
t
e
_
s
e
n
t
r
y
_
l
o
g
g
i
n
g

View Slide

Supports DEBUG Mode from Settings
c
l
a
s
s A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
w
e
b
.
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
:
d
e
f _
_
i
n
i
t
_
_
(
s
e
l
f
, *
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)
:
s
e
l
f
[
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
] = k
w
a
r
g
s
.
p
o
p
(
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
)
s
u
p
e
r
(
)
.
_
_
i
n
i
t
_
_
(
*
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)
d
e
f m
a
k
e
_
h
a
n
d
l
e
r
(
s
e
l
f
, *
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)
:
k
w
a
r
g
s
[
'
d
e
b
u
g
'
] = s
e
l
f
[
'
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
'
]
[
'
D
E
B
U
G
'
]
k
w
a
r
g
s
[
'
l
o
o
p
'
] = s
e
l
f
.
l
o
o
p
r
e
t
u
r
n s
e
l
f
.
_
h
a
n
d
l
e
r
_
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
(
s
e
l
f
, s
e
l
f
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
, *
*
k
w
a
r
g
s
)

View Slide

Schemas
You need to validate request & response data
Use JSON Schema for validation
Describe Schemas with jsl
Welcome, rororo.schemas
In api/views.py,
f
r
o
m r
o
r
o
r
o
.
s
c
h
e
m
a
s i
m
p
o
r
t S
c
h
e
m
a
f
r
o
m . i
m
p
o
r
t s
c
h
e
m
a
s
@
a
s
y
n
c
i
o
.
c
o
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
d
e
f a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
(
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
)
:
s
c
h
e
m
a = S
c
h
e
m
a
(
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
.
a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
, r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
_
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
=
j
s
o
n
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
)
d
a
t
a = s
c
h
e
m
a
.
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
_
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
(
(
y
i
e
l
d f
r
o
m r
e
q
u
e
s
t
.
p
o
s
t
(
)
)
)
.
.
.
r
e
t
u
r
n s
c
h
e
m
a
.
m
a
k
e
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
_
d
i
c
t
)

View Slide

Schemas
Describing Schemas
In api/schemas/add_project.py,
f
r
o
m j
s
l i
m
p
o
r
t D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
, I
n
t
e
g
e
r
F
i
e
l
d
, S
t
r
i
n
g
F
i
e
l
d
c
l
a
s
s P
r
o
j
e
c
t
(
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
)
:
n
a
m
e = S
t
r
i
n
g
F
i
e
l
d
(
m
i
n
_
l
e
n
g
t
h
=
1
, m
a
x
_
l
e
n
g
t
h
=
3
2
, r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
=
T
r
u
e
)
s
l
u
g = S
t
r
i
n
g
F
i
e
l
d
(
m
i
n
_
l
e
n
g
t
h
=
1
, m
a
x
_
l
e
n
g
t
h
=
3
2
, r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
=
T
r
u
e
)
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n = S
t
r
i
n
g
F
i
e
l
d
(
m
a
x
_
l
e
n
g
t
h
=
2
5
5
)
c
l
a
s
s R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
)
:
i
d = I
n
t
e
g
e
r
F
i
e
l
d
(
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
=
0
, r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
=
T
r
u
e
)
r
e
q
u
e
s
t = P
r
o
j
e
c
t
.
g
e
t
_
s
c
h
e
m
a
(
)
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e = R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
.
g
e
t
_
s
c
h
e
m
a
(
)
Or use plain Python dicts instead

View Slide

Schemas
Describing Schemas
In api/schemas/__init__.py,
f
r
o
m . i
m
p
o
r
t a
d
d
_
p
r
o
j
e
c
t # n
o
q
a

View Slide

Migration from Django

View Slide

View Slide

Um, Really?
I don't believe in this
Django and aiohttp.web are frameworks for different tasks
You would miss everything you know

View Slide

Migration from Flask

View Slide

View Slide

My Success Story
I migrated Python backend from Flask to aiohttp.web
1 working day
Quick Notes:
Global state -> read all from request
Extensions -> ?
Blueprints -> list of routes or custom router
Flask before/after request -> aiohttp.web middleware
Error handlers -> middleware
{
{ u
r
l
_
f
o
r
(
.
.
.
) }
} -> {
{ a
p
p
.
r
o
u
t
e
r
[
.
.
.
]
.
u
r
l
(
.
.
.
) }
}

View Slide

Other Thoughts
I was a huge Flask fanboy
http://igordavydenko.com/talks/ua-pycon-2012.pdf
aiohttp.web solves my problem with large Flask applications
I don't need to use lazy views concept to keep my large apps Pythonic
aiohttp.web solves my problem with global state and contexts
Everything read from the request. It's just works
I'm really tired of Armin's complaints about Python 3

View Slide

View Slide

Summary

View Slide

Asyncio Stack is ready for usage
The Future is Here!
Use Python 3.4 for all good things
a
i
o
h
t
t
p
.
w
e
b
, easy to start and easy to use
a
i
o
p
g
.
s
a allows you to forget about ORM
r
o
r
o
r
o contains useful helpers for aiohttp.web apps
If you miss something, port it to Asyncio stack by yourself
Don't forget to payback to Open Source Software

View Slide

Questions?
Made in Ukraine

View Slide

Introduction to Asyncio stack

Introduction to Asyncio stack

Igor Davydenko

More Decks by Igor Davydenko

Other Decks in Programming

Featured

Transcript