The Invisible Minority

Transcript

2. Overview… • Minority Groups • The Invisible Minorities • Sexual Minority • Risks of Sexual Minority • Overcome Sexual Minority • Intellectual Disability
3. • Limitations in intellectual disability..!! • Signs of intellectual disability in children..? • Causes of intellectual disability… • How can intellectual disability be prevented… • Conclusion ……
5.  Minority group is a term referring to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, i.e. those who hold the majority of positions of social power in a society, and may be defined by law.  The differentiation can be based on one or more observable human characteristics, including, but not limited to: ethnicity, race, gender, wealth, health or sexual orientation.  The term "minority" is used to refer to categories of persons who hold fewer positions of social power.
7. Conservative estimates suggest that 5-6 per cent of India’s population is affected by one disability or the other. In other words, this Nation has 60 to 70 million disabled citizens who according to me form an ‘Invisible Minority’. The invisible…...
8. The disabled citizens of India are invisible not because they don’t exist! They are not seen at market places or cinema halls or in parks; or in colleges and universities because both,
9. The built environment as well as the transportation system are not just unfriendly but at times hostile. Disabled People are not able to venture out without compromising their safety and dignity.
10.  Sexual minorities are a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society.  Sexual minorities comprise of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals.  Male-female dichotomy in hetero-normative societies has created havoc in the life of sexual minorities thus obscuring the fact that they are also human beings.
11. Risks for the Sexual Minorities... Physical health :  Sexual minorities are at high risk for developing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS. (The reason for high prevalence of HIV is attributed to re-use of needles and unprotected intercourse as part of commercial sex work both in hetro- and homo-sexual relationship.)  They are also high-risk victims of physical, sexual, economical and emotional violence from the so called normal community.
12. Risks for the Sexual Minorities... Mental health :  Sexual minorities are at a risk for developing emotional disorders because of the stigma and discrimination.  Suicide risk has been shown to be greatly elevated for men in same-sex partnerships in Denmark.
13. Risks for the Sexual Minorities...  Trans-genders were forced out of their homes or chose to leave home because of parental rejection or fear of rejection, increasing their risk of homelessness, poverty, and associated negative sequel.
14. Risks for the Sexual Minorities... Social well-being:  Extreme social exclusion, discrimination, stigma and atrocities diminish self-esteem and sense of social responsibility.
15. Overcome Sexual Minorities… • If clinicians elicit information about sexual orientation and gender identity from their patients through thoughtful, non-judgemental discussion and history-taking.
16. Overcome Sexual Minorities… • Have an inclusive clinical environment, standards for clinician-patient communication, sensitive documentation of sexual orientation, knowledge for cultural awareness, staff training, and addressing population health issues.
17.  Intellectual disability (ID)  once called mental retardation.  characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living.
18.  People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly.  There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild to profound.
19. Limitations in intellectual disability..!! Someone with intellectual disability has limitations in two areas. These areas are: • Intellectual functioning : Also known as IQ, this refers to a person’s ability to learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems. • Adaptive behaviours. These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself.
20. Signs of intellectual disability in children..? • Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late • Talking late or having trouble with talking • Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself • Difficulty remembering things • Inability to connect actions with consequences • Behaviour problems such as explosive tantrums • Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking.
21. Other Health Problems… • Seizures • mood disorders (anxiety , autism , etc.) • motor skills impairment • vision problems • hearing problems.
22. Causes of intellectual disability… • Genetic conditions. These include things like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. • Problems during pregnancy. Things that can interfere with fetal braindevelopment include alcohol or drug use, malnutrition, certain infections, orpreeclampsia.
23. Causes of intellectual disability… • Problems during childbirth. Intellectual disability may result if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born extremely premature.
24. Causes of intellectual disability… • Illness or injury. Infections like meningitis, whooping cough, or the measlescan lead to intellectual disability. Severe head injury, near-drowning, extreme malnutrition, exposure to toxic substances such as lead, and severe neglect or abuse can also cause it.
25. In two-thirds of all children who have intellectual disability, the cause is “unknown”. …..
26. How can intellectual disability be prevented… • Pregnant women shouldn’t drink alcohol. • Getting vaccinated against certain infectious diseases • Genetic testing before conception. • Tests, such as ultrasound and amniocentesis, be performed during pregnancy.
27. Services available for people with intellectual disability… • For babies and toddlers, early intervention programs are available.
28. We have left this 6% of our population totally behind. To the point that they, our own brothers and sisters, are no longer visible.
29. So, for how long are we going to ignore the facts and the realities?
30. Let us be honest and admit that we have made mistakes. Let us join hands, the disabled and the non-disabled, to build an India that we can all be proud of. Conclusion !!
31. References… www.indiatogether,com www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657897/ www.ascd.org www.dnis.org www.google.com www.sexualhealthcare.net www.heathcare.in Newspaper(Times Of India) Newspaper(Hindustan Times)
32. Akash Mitra Arghyadeep Sarkar Arijit Goswami Avinash Pandey Kaustav Karmakar JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani