Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

IFRS 17 in Action - Using Illustrative Examples...

Avatar for Moun Seo Moun Seo
January 07, 2026
1

IFRS 17 in Action - Using Illustrative Examples for P&C Contracts and Reinsurance

Avatar for Moun Seo

Moun Seo

January 07, 2026
Tweet

Transcript

  1. 2 Moderator: Srini Iyer Senior Director, Insurance Practice Moody’s Analytics

    Daniel Willmann Senior Manager, FAAS Ernst & Young LLP Moun Seo Director, Insurance Practice Moody’s Analytics Our speakers
  2. Page 5 Illustrative financial statements and mapping ► IFRS 4

    (Existing standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash $XX ► Accounts receivable (net) $XX ► Deferred acquisition cost $XX ► Commissions payable $(XX) ► Premium tax payable $(XX) ► RST payable $(XX) ► Unearned premium reserve $(XX) ► Insurance reserves $(XX) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance $XX ► Income statement: ► Gross written premium $XX ► Change in unearned premium reserve $(XX) ► Acquisition expenses $(XX) ► General expenses $(XX) ► Other revenue $XX ► Other expenses $(XX) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance $XX ► IFRS 17 (Upcoming standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash $XX ► Liability for remaining coverage $(XX) ► Liability for incurred claims $(XX) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance $XX ► Income statement: ► Insurance revenue $XX ► Insurance expense $(XX) ► Other revenue $XX ► Other expenses $(XX) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance $XX
  3. PEI: DAC 15% Fulfilment exp 20% Losses + risk adj

    40% Total ratio 75% = non-onerous ON: DAC 15% Fulfilment exp 20% Losses + risk adj 80% Total ratio 115% = Onerous Overall assumptions Page 6 ► On January 1, 100 auto, 12-month contracts are written that qualify for PAA. ► Half of the contracts (i.e. 50) are written in Onerous Nation (ON). ► Half of the contracts (i.e. 50) are written in Profitable Entity Island (PEI) ► Each contract has GWP of $600, billed annually and collected the following month. ► Insurance revenue is allocated based on the passage of time. ► Acquisition expenses are deferred (DAC). The only DAC are commissions at 15% of total GWP ► Other fulfilment expenses are incurred evenly throughout the year, paid as incurred, assumed to be 20% of total premium. ► Losses and IFRS 17 fulfilment ratio for each set of contracts are as follows:
  4. Contract inception Page 7 Product Assumptions: • Gross written premium

    is $30,000 each for PEI and ON, incepting on January 1 • The premium is billed annually, collected in the following month • PEI is presumed to be profitable (i.e. non-onerous) • ON is presumed to be onerous • ON loss component is assumed to be $4,500 (15% of total premium) • Acquisitions costs are 15% of total premium. • Acquisition costs are deferred and generally paid 90- days after inception (no cash on day one). • Fulfilment expenses are incurred evenly throughout the year, paid as incurred and assumed to be 20% of total premium. • There is no reinsurance.
  5. Day 1: PEI Contract inception Page 8 IFRS 17 (

    Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 AR 30,000 UPR 30,000 GWP 30,000 Com. exp 4,500 ∆DAC 4,500 DAC 4,500 A/P comm 4,500 ∆UPR 30,000 End bal $0 End bal $0 End bal $0 End bal $0 Dr. Accounts receivable 30,000 Dr. Commission expense 4,500 Cr. Gross written premium 30,000 Cr. Commission payable 4,500 Dr. Change in UPR 30,000 Cr. UPR 30,000 Dr. DAC 4,500 Cr. Change in DAC 4,500
  6. Day 1: ON Contract inception Page 9 IFRS 17 (

    Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 AR 30,000 UPR 30,000 GWP 30,000 Com. exp 4,500 ∆DAC 4,500 DAC 4,500 A/P comm 4,500 ∆UPR 30,000 ∆LC 4,500 LC 4,500 End bal $4,500 End bal $0 End bal $0 End bal $4,500 Dr. Accounts receivable 30,000 Dr. Commission expense 4,500 Cr. Gross written premium 30,000 Cr. Commission payable 4,500 Dr. Change in UPR 30,000 Cr. UPR 30,000 Dr. Change in loss component 4,500 Cr. Loss Component 4,500 Dr. DAC 4,500 Cr. Change in DAC 4,500
  7. Page 10 Day 1: Combined Contract inception ► IFRS 4

    (Existing standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash - ► Accounts receivable 60,000 ► Deferred acquisition cost 9,000 ► Commission payable (9,000) ► Unearned premium reserve (60,000) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance - ► Income statement: ► Gross written premium (60,000) ► Change in unearned premium reserve 60,000 ► Commission expenses 9,000 ► Change in DAC (9,000) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance - ► IFRS 17 (Upcoming standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash - ► Liability for remaining coverage (4,500) ► Liability for incurred claims - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance (4,500) ► Income statement: ► Insurance revenue - ► Insurance expense 4,500 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 4,500
  8. Month-end close Page 11 Product Assumptions: • No claims are

    reported in the month • No cash is received in the month • Unwinding of the loss component is based on passage of time. The effect of discounting is assumed to be $5. • No changes to underlying assumptions noted
  9. Day 30: PEI End of month 1 Page 12 IFRS

    17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 FCF A/P 500 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 FCF A/P 500 Fulfil exp 500 End bal $2,125 End bal $0 End bal $2,500 End bal $875 Dr. UPR 2,500 Dr. Fulfilment expenses 500 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. Fulfilment cash flow payable* 500 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Fulfilment cash flow payable* 500 Cr. Cash 500 *Note: FCF payable used on this slide for illustrative purposes to show FCF payable flows through LFIC. Not repeated on future slides.
  10. Day 30: ON End of month 1 Page 13 IFRS

    17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense Beg bal $4,500 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $0 Beg bal $4,500 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR 330 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 LC 375 IBNR RA 45 Fulfil exp 500 IBNR disc 5 ∆IBNR 330 ∆LC 375 ∆IBNR RA 45 End bal $2,000 End bal $380 End bal $2,500 End bal $5,375 Dr. UPR 2,500 Dr. Loss component 375 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. Change in loss component 375 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in IBNR 330 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 45 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 5 Cr. Cash 500 Cr. IBNR 330 Cr. IBNR risk adj 45 Cr. IBNR discount 5 *Note: The IBNR disc of $5 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  11. Page 14 Day 30: Combined End of month 1 ►

    IFRS 4 (Existing standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash (1,000) ► Accounts receivable 60,000 ► Deferred acquisition cost 8,250 ► Accounts payable (9,000) ► Unearned premium reserve (55,000) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 3,250 ► Income statement: ► Gross written premium (60,000) ► Change in UPR 55,000 ► Commission expense 750 ► General expenses 1,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net balance (3,250) ► IFRS 17 (Upcoming standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash (1,000) ► Liability for remaining coverage 125 ► Liability for incurred claims (380) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance (1,255) ► Income statement: ► Insurance revenue (5,000) ► Insurance expense 6,250 ► Insurance finance expense 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 1,255
  12. 16

  13. 17

  14. 18

  15. 19

  16. 20

  17. 21

  18. 22

  19. 23

  20. 24

  21. 25

  22. 26

  23. 27

  24. 28

  25. 29

  26. 30

  27. 31

  28. 32

  29. Premiums received and month-end close Page 33 Product Assumptions: •

    Premium is collected in full • No claims are reported • No changes to underlying assumptions
  30. 37

  31. 38

  32. 39

  33. 40

  34. Actuarial report received and month-end close Page 41 Product Assumptions:

    • Month-end close journal entries are similar to previous months • Actuarial report received showing the following ending balances should be recorded: PEI: IBNR $5,000 IBNR RA $1,250 Case reserve $500 Case reserve RA $125 ON: IBNR $7,000 IBNR RA $875 Case reserve $700 Case reserve RA $90
  35. Day 180: PEI End of month 6 Page 42 IFRS

    17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense Beg bal $14,875 Beg bal $0 End bal $12,500 Beg bal $4,375 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 Fulfil. exp.500 End bal $12,750 End bal $0 End bal $15,000 End bal $5,250 Dr. UPR 2,500 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Cr. Cash 500
  36. Day 180: PEI End of month 6 – actuarial report

    Page 43 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $12,750 End bal $0 End bal $15,000 End bal $5,250 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR 5,000 ∆IBNR 5,000 IBNR RA 1250 ∆IBNR RA1,250 Case 500 ∆Case 500 Case RA 125 ∆Case RA 125 End bal $12,750 End bal $6,875 End bal $15,000 End bal $12,125 Dr. Change in IBNR 5,000 Dr. Change in case reserve 500 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 1,250 Dr. Change in case reserve risk adj 125 Cr. IBNR 5,000 Cr. Case reserve 500 Cr. IBNR risk adj 1,250 Cr. Case reserve risk adj 125
  37. Day 180: ON End of month 6 Page 44 Dr.

    UPR 2,500 Dr. Loss component 375 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. Change in loss component 375 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in IBNR 330 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 45 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 5 Cr. Cash 500 Cr. IBNR 330 Cr. IBNR risk adj 45 Cr. IBNR discount 5 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $17,500 End bal $1,900 End bal $12,500 End bal $8,875 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR 330 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 ∆LC 375 LC 375 IBNR RA 45 Fulfil exp 500 IBNR disc 5 ∆IBNR + RA 375 End bal $15,000 End bal $2,280 End bal $15,000 End bal $9,750 *Note: The IBNR disc of $5 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  38. Day 180: ON End of month 6 – actuarial report

    Page 45 Dr. Change in IBNR 5,020 Dr. Change in case reserve 700 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 605 Dr. Change in case reserve risk adj 90 Cr. IBNR 5,020 Cr. Case reserve 700 Cr. IBNR risk adj 605 Cr. Case reserve risk adj 90 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $15,000 End bal $2,280 End bal $15,000 End bal $9,750 IBNR 5,020 ∆IBNR 5,020 IBNR RA 605 ∆IBNR RA 605 Case 700 ∆Case 700 Case RA 90 ∆Case RA 90 End bal $15,000 End bal $8,695 End bal $15,000 End.bal $16,165
  39. 47

  40. 48

  41. 49

  42. 50

  43. Unwinding of discounting and month-end close Page 51 Product Assumptions:

    • No other changes to underlying assumptions mentioned previously. • Impact of discounting for each reserve is as follows: - PEI IBNR is $10 - PEI Case is $1 - ON IBNR is $15 - ON Case is $1
  44. Day 210: PEI End of month 7 Page 52 IFRS

    17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $12,750 End bal $6,875 End bal $15,000 End bal $12,125 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR disc 10 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 Case disc 1 Fulfil exp 500 End bal $10,625 End bal $6,886 End bal $17,500 End bal $13,000 Dr. UPR 2,500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 10 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. IBNR discount 10 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in case discount* 1 Cr. Case reserve discount 1 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Cr. Cash 500 *Note: The reserve disc of $11 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  45. Day 210: ON End of month 7 Page 53 Dr.

    UPR 2,500 Dr. Loss component 375 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. Change in loss component 375 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in IBNR 330 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 45 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 5 Cr. Cash 500 Cr. IBNR 330 Cr. IBNR risk adj 45 Cr. IBNR discount 5 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $15,000 End bal $8,695 End bal $15,000 End bal $16,165 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR 330 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 ∆LC 375 LC 375 IBNR RA 45 Fulfil exp 500 IBNR disc 5 ∆IBNR+RA 375 End bal $12,500 End bal $9,075 End bal $17,500 End bal $17,040 *Note: The reserve disc of $5 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  46. Day 210: ON End of month 7 – unwinding Page

    54 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 15 Cr. IBNR discount 15 Dr. Change in OSLR discount* 1 Cr. OSLR discount 1 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $12,500 End bal $9,075 End bal $17,500 End bal $17,040 IBNR disc 15 Case disc 1 End bal $12,500 End bal $9,091 End bal $17,500 End bal $17,040 *Note: The reserve disc of $16 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  47. Page 55 Day 210: Combined End of month 7 ►

    IFRS 4 (Existing standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash 44,000 ► Accounts receivable - ► Deferred acquisition cost 3,750 ► Accounts payable - ► Unearned premium reserve (25,000) ► Insurance liability (15,567) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 7,183 ► Income statement: ► Gross written premium (60,000) ► Change in UPR 25,000 ► Commission expense 5,250 ► Incurred claims 15,567 ► General expenses 7,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net balance (7,183) ► IFRS 17 (Upcoming standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash 44,000 ► Liability for remaining coverage (23,125) ► Liability for incurred claims (15,977) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 4,898 ► Income statement: ► Insurance revenue (35,000) ► Insurance expense 30,040 ► Insurance finance expense 62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance (4,898)
  48. 57

  49. 58

  50. 59

  51. 60

  52. Actuarial report received and year-end close Page 61 Product Assumptions:

    • Month-end close journal entries are similar to previous months • Actual report received showing the following balances should be recorded: PEI: Additional IBNR $3,000 Additional IBNR RA $1,000 Additional case reserve $1,500 Additional case reserve RA $500 ON: Additional IBNR $5,000 Additional IBNR RA $625 Additional case reserve $4,000 Additional case reserve RA $500
  53. Day 360: PEI End of year Page 62 IFRS 17

    ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $2,125 End bal $6,930 End bal $27,500 End bal $16,500 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR disc 10 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 Case disc 1 Fulfil. exp.500 End bal $0 End bal $6,941 End bal $30,000 End bal $17,375 Dr. UPR 2,500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 10 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. IBNR discount 10 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in OSLR discount* 1 Cr. OSLR discount 1 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Cr. Cash 500 *Note: The reserve disc of $11 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  54. Day 360: PEI End of year – actuarial report Page

    63 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $0 End bal $6,941 End.Bal $30,000 End.Bal $17,375 IBNR 3,000 ∆IBNR 3,000 IBNR RA 1,000 ∆IBNR RA 1,000 Case 1,500 ∆Case 1,500 Case RA 500 ∆Case RA 500 End bal $0 End bal $12,941 End.bal $30,000 End.bal $23,375 Dr. Change in case reserve 1,500 Dr. Change in IBNR 3,000 Dr. Change in case reserve risk adj 500 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 1,000 Cr. Case reserve 1,500 Cr. IBNR 3,000 Cr. Case reserve risk adj 500 Cr. IBNR risk adj 1,000
  55. Day 360: ON End of year Page 64 IFRS 17

    ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $2,500 End bal $10,675 End bal $27,500 End bal $20,540 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR 330 ∆UPR 2,500 ∆DAC 375 ∆LC 375 LC 375 IBNR RA 45 Fulfil exp 500 IBNR disc 5 ∆IBNR+RA 375 End bal $0 End bal $11,055 End bal $30,000 End bal $21,415 Dr. UPR 2,500 Dr. Loss component 375 Cr. Change in UPR 2,500 Cr. Change in loss component 375 Dr. Change in DAC 375 Cr. DAC 375 Dr. Change in IBNR 330 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 45 Dr. Fulfillment expenses 500 Dr. Change in IBNR discount* 5 Cr. Cash 500 Cr. IBNR 330 Cr. IBNR risk adj 45 Cr. IBNR discount 5 *Note: The reserve disc of $5 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  56. Day 360: ON End of year – actuarial report and

    unwinding Page 65 Dr. Change in case reserve discount 1 Dr. Change in IBNR discount 15 Cr. Case reserve discount 1 Cr. IBNR discount 15 Dr. Change in case reserve 4,000 Dr. Change in IBNR 5,000 Dr. Change in case reserve risk adj 500 Dr. Change in IBNR risk adj 625 Cr. Case reserve 4,000 Cr. IBNR 5,000 Cr. Case reserve risk adj 500 Cr. IBNR risk adj 625 IFRS 17 ( Upcoming standard) LFRC LFIC Insurance revenue Insurance service expense End bal $0 End bal $11,055 End bal $30,000 End bal $21,415 UPR 2,500 DAC 375 IBNR (all) 5,640 ∆IBNR(all) 5,625 LC 375 Case (all) 4,501 ∆Case(all) 4,500 End bal $0 End bal $21,196 End bal $30,000 End bal $31,540 *Note: The reserve disc of $16 is mapped to insurance finance expense account
  57. Page 66 Day 360: Combined End of year ► IFRS

    4 (Existing standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash 39,000 ► Accounts receivable - ► Deferred acquisition cost - ► Accounts payable - ► Unearned premium reserve - ► Insurance liability (34,137) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 4,863 ► Income statement: ► Gross written premium (60,000) ► Change in UPR - ► Commission expense 9,000 ► Incurred claims 34,137 ► General expenses 12,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net balance (4,863) ► IFRS 17 (Upcoming standard) ► Balance sheet: ► Cash 39,000 ► Liability for remaining coverage - ► Liability for incurred claims (34,137) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance 4,863 ► Income statement: ► Insurance revenue (60,000) ► Insurance expense 54,915 ► Insurance finance expense 222 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Net balance (4,863)
  58. 67

  59. 68

  60. 69 Grouping and Disaggregation ‒ Develop complete list of all

    data items needed for grouping, measurement and disclosures. ‒ Provide option to aggregate contract level data or leverage pre-grouped data for insurance groups. ‒ Disaggregation feature to allocate inputs from higher level to UoA Summary – Several Requirements for P&C Insurers Scenario Testing and GMM Comparison ‒ Ability to run GMM and PAA models for eligibility testing, alternately take in GMM PvCF as input. ‒ Model and track onerous contracts, track losses and loss reversals. ‒ Option to not discount cashflows if using PAA ‒ Allocate Written Premiums by Earned vs. Unearned Measurement/Rollforward of LRC and LIC ‒ Calculation and roll forward of LRC and LIC. ‒ Support ability to take in non-linear patterns for acquisition cost, revenue, claims. ‒ Discounting and risk adjustment for LRC and LIC. ‒ Treatment of Premium Timing/Variance ‒ Calculation of Reinsurance Held under PAA/GMM Accounting Treatments ‒ P&L vs OCI disaggregation of IFE, Insurance Contract Asset/Liability Treatments on LRC+LIC ‒ Ability to disaggregate IFE on the LIC between OCI & PNL using rates at time of claim. ‒ Robust sub-ledger capabilities, CoA, journal creation, soft and hard postings, trial balance. Disclosures, Reporting and Analysis ‒ Generate all required financial statements and disclosures, movements, B/S, roll forward. ‒ Ability to disaggregate IFRS 17 results to reserving segments or other levels for internal reporting. ‒ Profitability testing on the basis of GMM vs PAA Data processing ‒ Ingest data in different patterns – linear (passage of time) or non-linear patterns ‒ Cashflow generation using ultimate losses, payment patterns, incurred pattern for LRC, LIC ‒ Capability to allocate patterns from accident year to underwriting or UoA basis
  61. 71 © 2020 Moody’s Corporation, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Moody’s

    Analytics, Inc. and/or their licensors and affiliates (collectively, “MOODY’S”). All rights reserved. CREDIT RATINGS ISSUED BY MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. AND ITS RATINGS AFFILIATES (“MIS”) ARE MOODY’S CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES, AND MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS MAY INCLUDE MOODY’S CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES. MOODY’S DEFINES CREDIT RISK AS THE RISK THAT AN ENTITY MAY NOT MEET ITS CONTRACTUAL, FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS AS THEY COME DUE AND ANY ESTIMATED FINANCIAL LOSS IN THE EVENT OF DEFAULT. CREDIT RATINGS DO NOT ADDRESS ANY OTHER RISK, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: LIQUIDITY RISK, MARKET VALUE RISK, OR PRICE VOLATILITY. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY’S OPINIONS INCLUDED IN MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT STATEMENTS OF CURRENT OR HISTORICAL FACT. MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS MAY ALSO INCLUDE QUANTITATIVE MODEL-BASED ESTIMATES OF CREDIT RISK AND RELATED OPINIONS OR COMMENTARY PUBLISHED BY MOODY’S ANALYTICS, INC. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS DO NOT CONSTITUTE OR PROVIDE INVESTMENT OR FINANCIAL ADVICE, AND CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AND DO NOT PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS TO PURCHASE, SELL, OR HOLD PARTICULAR SECURITIES. NEITHER CREDIT RATINGS NOR MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS COMMENT ON THE SUITABILITY OF AN INVESTMENT FOR ANY PARTICULAR INVESTOR. MOODY’S ISSUES ITS CREDIT RATINGS AND PUBLISHES MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS WITH THE EXPECTATION AND UNDERSTANDING THAT EACH INVESTOR WILL, WITH DUE CARE, MAKE ITS OWN STUDY AND EVALUATION OF EACH SECURITY THAT IS UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR PURCHASE, HOLDING, OR SALE. MOODY’S CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR USE BY RETAIL INVESTORS AND IT WOULD BE RECKLESS AND INAPPROPRIATE FOR RETAIL INVESTORS TO USE MOODY’S CREDIT RATINGS OR MOODY’S PUBLICATIONS WHEN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION. IF IN DOUBT YOU SHOULD CONTACT YOUR FINANCIAL OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL ADVISER. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PROTECTED BY LAW, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, COPYRIGHT LAW, AND NONE OF SUCH INFORMATION MAY BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED, REPACKAGED, FURTHER TRANSMITTED, TRANSFERRED, DISSEMINATED, REDISTRIBUTED OR RESOLD, OR STORED FOR SUBSEQUENT USE FOR ANY SUCH PURPOSE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN ANY FORM OR MANNER OR BY ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY’S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind. MOODY'S adopts all necessary measures so that the information it uses in assigning a credit rating is of sufficient quality and from sources MOODY'S considers to be reliable including, when appropriate, independent third-party sources. However, MOODY’S is not an auditor and cannot in every instance independently verify or validate information received in the rating process or in preparing the Moody’s publications. To the extent permitted by law, MOODY’S and its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, licensors and suppliers disclaim liability to any person or entity for any indirect, special, consequential, or incidental losses or damages whatsoever arising from or in connection with the information contained herein or the use of or inability to use any such information, even if MOODY’S or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, licensors or suppliers is advised in advance of the possibility of such losses or damages, including but not limited to: (a) any loss of present or prospective profits or (b) any loss or damage arising where the relevant financial instrument is not the subject of a particular credit rating assigned by MOODY’S. To the extent permitted by law, MOODY’S and its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, licensors and suppliers disclaim liability for any direct or compensatory losses or damages caused to any person or entity, including but not limited to by any negligence (but excluding fraud, willful misconduct or any other type of liability that, for the avoidance of doubt, by law cannot be excluded) on the part of, or any contingency within or beyond the control of, MOODY’S or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, licensors or suppliers, arising from or in connection with the information contained herein or the use of or inability to use any such information. NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY SUCH RATING OR OTHER OPINION OR INFORMATION IS GIVEN OR MADE BY MOODY’S IN ANY FORM OR MANNER WHATSOEVER. Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., a wholly-owned credit rating agency subsidiary of Moody’s Corporation (“MCO”), hereby discloses that most issuers of debt securities (including corporate and municipal bonds, debentures, notes and commercial paper) and preferred stock rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. have, prior to assignment of any rating, agreed to pay to Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. for appraisal and rating services rendered by it fees ranging from $1,500 to approximately $2,500,000. MCO and MIS also maintain policies and procedures to address the independence of MIS’s ratings and rating processes. Information regarding certain affiliations that may exist between directors of MCO and rated entities, and between entities who hold ratings from MIS and have also publicly reported to the SEC an ownership interest in MCO of more than 5%, is posted annually at www.moodys.com under the heading “Investor Relations — Corporate Governance — Director and Shareholder Affiliation Policy.” Additional terms for Australia only: Any publication into Australia of this document is pursuant to the Australian Financial Services License of MOODY’S affiliate, Moody’s Investors Service Pty Limited ABN 61 003 399 657AFSL 336969 and/or Moody’s Analytics Australia Pty Ltd ABN 94 105 136 972 AFSL 383569 (as applicable). This document is intended to be provided only to “wholesale clients” within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001. By continuing to access this document from within Australia, you represent to MOODY’S that you are, or are accessing the document as a representative of, a “wholesale client” and that neither you nor the entity you represent will directly or indirectly disseminate this document or its contents to “retail clients” within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001. MOODY’S credit rating is an opinion as to the creditworthiness of a debt obligation of the issuer, not on the equity securities of the issuer or any form of security that is available to retail investors. It would be reckless and inappropriate for retail investors to use MOODY’S credit ratings or publications when making an investment decision. If in doubt you should contact your financial or other professional adviser. Additional terms for Japan only: Moody's Japan K.K. (“MJKK”) is a wholly-owned credit rating agency subsidiary of Moody's Group Japan G.K., which is wholly-owned by Moody’s Overseas Holdings Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of MCO. Moody’s SF Japan K.K. (“MSFJ”) is a wholly-owned credit rating agency subsidiary of MJKK. MSFJ is not a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”). Therefore, credit ratings assigned by MSFJ are Non-NRSRO Credit Ratings. Non-NRSRO Credit Ratings are assigned by an entity that is not a NRSRO and, consequently, the rated obligation will not qualify for certain types of treatment under U.S. laws. MJKK and MSFJ are credit rating agencies registered with the Japan Financial Services Agency and their registration numbers are FSA Commissioner (Ratings) No. 2 and 3 respectively. MJKK or MSFJ (as applicable) hereby disclose that most issuers of debt securities (including corporate and municipal bonds, debentures, notes and commercial paper) and preferred stock rated by MJKK or MSFJ (as applicable) have, prior to assignment of any rating, agreed to pay to MJKK or MSFJ (as applicable) for appraisal and rating services rendered by it fees ranging from JPY200,000 to approximately JPY350,000,000. MJKK and MSFJ also maintain policies and procedures to address Japanese regulatory requirements.