Statsd and Graphite

Application metrics are extremely important but are often hard to gather as our PHP Applications differ significantly. Using StatsD and Graphite we can gather metrics from our applications no matter what their shape or form. In this talk I will discuss how you can use Statsd to send various metrics of your PHP applications to Graphite. StatsD is a simple NodeJS daemon for easy stats aggregation and makes it simple to plot application metrics on a graph in Graphite. Using the metrics that are gathered its possible to get an overview of what is happening with our applications in near realtime which is extremely useful. Graphite additionally allows us to produce easy understandable graphs and dashboards which once analysed can be used to improve our PHP applications. My talk will cover everything from setting up StatsD and Graphite to how you gather the metrics from within your PHP applications. After the talk developers should be confident enough to go away and implement these technologies in their applications.

Transcript

1. Gathering Metrics with StatsD and Graphite http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwarby/ 3296379139 Jeremy Quinton - PHP South Africa October 2015 @jeremyquinton + Grafana
2. twitter - @jeremyquinton Developer - PHP since 2003 Open Source Enthusiast Devops Evangelist Infrastructure and Architecture
3. Devops Culture Automation Measurement Sharing
4. Comic Relief 2010 - 2013
5. Go Live to production Majority of our traffic in a 3 month period with big spike at the end Load Testing Building the app series of sprints - Lead time traffic
7. Multiple deployments with frequent changes Go Live to production Majority of our traffic in a 3 month period with big spike at the end Load Testing Building the app series of sprints - Lead time traffic
8. When turning it off fixes the problem
9. Multiple deployments with frequent changes Go Live to production Majority of our traffic in a 3 month period with big spike at the end Load Testing Building the app series of sprints - Lead time traffic No Application metrics
10. You can’t optimise what you can’t measure - Juozas Kaziukenas
11. Etsy - http://codeascraft.com/2011/02/15/measure-anything-measure-everything/ Flickr - http://code.flickr.net/2008/10/27/counting-timing/ Blogs posts
12. Flickr “The more stuff we can measure, the better our understanding of how different parts of the website work with each other gets” Flickr - http://code.flickr.net/2008/10/27/counting-timing/
13. Etsy “If Engineering at Etsy has a religion, it’s the Church of Graphs. If it moves, we track it. Sometimes we’ll draw a graph of something that isn’t moving yet, just in case it decides to make a run for it.” Etsy - http://codeascraft.com/2011/02/15/measure-anything-measure-everything/
14. “Application metrics are usually the hardest, yet most important, of the three.” In general, we tend to measure at three levels: 
 - network, machine, and application Etsy Etsy - http://codeascraft.com/2011/02/15/measure-anything-measure-everything/ “They’re very specific to your business, and they change as your applications change”
15. “Measurement is the first step that leads to control and eventually to improvement. If you can’t measure something, you can’t understand it. If you can’t understand it, you can’t control it. If you can’t control it, you can’t improve it.” ― H. James Harrington
16. Metric Noun “a system or standard of measurement.”
17. “We decided to make it ridiculously simple for any engineer to get anything they can count or time into a graph with almost no effort” Etsy
18. System Overview to gather application metrics Application StatsD Graphite Carbon Whisper Wep app Grafana
19. Types of Application Metrics • Counting How many emails did we send in the last 10 minutes? How many users logging into the system in the last 5 minutes? How many calls have we made to a particular api?
20. https://packagist.org/search/?q=statsd PHP statsD client library
21. Over the wire accounts.authentication.login.attempted:1|c <?php $connection = new Domnikl\Statsd\Connection\UdpSocket('localhost', 8125);
 Example Counting Metric Metric name Count value Metric type echo -n “accounts.authentication.login.attempted:1|c” | nc -4u -w1 localhost 8125 // simple count - Answering the question how many logins have been attempted
 $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.attempted”); $statsd = new Domnikl\Statsd\Client($connection);
22. Graphite - Dasboard
23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKNZMtoSHN4&index=7&list=PLDGkOdUX1Ujo3wHw9-z5Vo12YLqXRjzg2 Grafana - Graph
24. Application StatsD https://github.com/etsy/statsd UDP Connection
25. StatsD git clone https://github.com/etsy/statsd Modify exampleConfig.js - Quickstart guide node stats.js /path/to/config
26. StatsD Sample config { "backends": [ "./backends/graphite" ], "graphite": { legacyNamespace: false }, "graphiteHost": "127.0.0.1", "graphitePort": 2003, "port": 8125, "flushInterval": 10000, "debug" : true, "dumpMessages" : “true” }
27. StatsD flush interval default every 10s Half a System Application <?php 
 … $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.attempted”); accounts.authentication.login.attempted:1|c 23 2.3 stats.counters.accounts.authentication.login.attempted.rate stats.counters.accounts.authentication.login.attempted.count Added by StatsD Legacy namespace = false
28. Namespacing Metrics https://github.com/etsy/statsd/blob/master/docs/namespacing.md http://matt.aimonetti.net/posts/2013/06/26/practical-guide-to-graphite-monitoring/ <namespace>.<instrumented section>.<target (noun)>.<action (past tense verb)> accounts.authentication.login.attempted
 accounts.authentication.login.succeeded
 accounts.authentication.login.failed <product>.<environment>.<subcomponet>.<metric> emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime
29. Application StatsD UDP Connection Graphite Carbon Whisper Wep app metrics being flushed to back-end Grafana TCP Connection
30. Graphite Wep app accounts.authentication.login.attempted
31. Graphite Wep app
32. Carbon Configured with /opt/graphite/conf/carbon.conf Graphite
33. Whisper • Fixed-size database, similar in design to Round Robin Database. archive n archive 2 metadata archive 1 1392589140 25 1392589150 17 1392589160 34 1392589170 68 Example time series data https://github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web/blob/master/docs/whisper.rst
34. Graphite Whisper Configured with /opt/graphite/conf/storage-schemas.conf Configured with /opt/graphite/conf/storage-aggregation.conf
35. storage-schemas.conf Whisper http://graphite.readthedocs.org/en/latest/config-carbon.html#storage-schemas-conf [stats] pattern = ^stats.* stats.counters.accounts.authentication.login.attempted.count metadata archive 1 10s:6h Frequency History retentions = 10s:6h 1m:7d archive 2 ,1m:7d, archive n 10m:5y 10m:5y • Lowest retention must be the same as the default flush interval for StatsD.
 • Whenever metrics are old enough to leave an archive they get aggregated.
36. Whisper storage-aggregation.conf http://graphite.readthedocs.org/en/latest/config-carbon.html#storage-aggregation-conf [count] pattern = \.count$ aggregationMethod = sum • Aggregation methods include average,sum,min,max https://github.com/etsy/statsd/blob/master/docs/graphite.md • Default config to get statsD working with Graphite
37. Application StatsD flush interval default every 10s Graphite Carbon Whisper Wep app carbon.conf storage-schema.conf Full System <?php 
 … $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.attempted”); storage-aggregation.conf accounts.authentication.login.attempted:1|c Grafana
38. <?php public function authenticate(…) { …….. $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.attempted”); if(password_verify($password, $hash) { …….. $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.success”); } else { ……. $statsd->increment(“accounts.authentication.login.failed”) } } Counting Metrics continued
39. Graphite stats.counters.accounts.authentication.password.attempted.count stats.counters.accounts.authentication.password.failed.count stats.counters.accounts.authentication.password.succeeded.count Data buckets
40. Graphite
41. Grafana - Graph
42. Track every software release $statsd->increment(“deploys”); echo “deploys:1|c” | nc -w0 -u 127.0.0.1
43. Grafana - Annotation Graphite drawAsInfinite(stats.counters.deploys.count)
44. Grafana
45. Other Metric Types • Timing • Gauges • Sets https://github.com/etsy/statsd/blob/master/docs/metric_types.md
46. Timing $statsd->startTiming(“emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime"); // code which connects and sends email $statsd->endTiming("emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime"); $statsd->timing("emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime", 320); emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime:320|ms
47. Timing metrics under the hood Mean - 209 = sum(values)/number of values Lower - 200 Upper - 217 • StatsD does a lot of aggregation for us. Set of data for a 10s period - 200,210,208,207,212,217 • One timing metric produces 9 data buckets. stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.lower stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.mean stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.upper stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.mean_90 stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.median stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.std stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.sum stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.sum_90 stats.timers.emailvision.production.api.sendEmailResponseTime.upper_90
48. Example timing metrics in Grafana
49. Example timing metrics in Grafana What happened?
50. http://graphiteurl/render? from=-2hours&until=now&width=800&height=600&target=stats.counters.accounts.authentication.password.succeeded.count&title=Succ esful%20logins&format=json Graphite - Render api http://graphite.readthedocs.org/en/latest/render_api.html
51. Anomaly Detection http://codeascraft.com/2013/06/11/introducing-kale/ • Skyline developed by Etsy - https://github.com/etsy/skyline • Simple Nagios checks - https://github.com/pyr/check-graphite (Discontinued)
52. Metric From your log files https://github.com/etsy/logster https://github.com/logstash/logstash
53. input { file { path => "/var/log/apache/access.log" type => "apache-access" } } Sample logstash config http://logstash.net/docs/1.4.2/tutorials/metrics-from-logs https://github.com/elastic/logstash/blob/v1.4.2/patterns/grok-patterns filter { grok { type => "apache-access" pattern => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" } } output { statsd { # Count one hit every event by response increment => "apache.response.%{response}" } } COMBINEDAPACHELOG ……. %{NUMBER:response} …… Apache log line - 127.0.0.1 - [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326
54. http://logstash.net/docs/1.4.2/tutorials/metrics-from-logs http://cookbook.logstash.net/recipes/statsd-metrics/ Graphite graph of http response codes
55. http://codeascraft.com/2010/12/08/track-every-release/ Metric on PHP Warnings
56. Metric on PHP Warnings correlated to deploys http://codeascraft.com/2010/12/08/track-every-release/
57. Metrics from Logfiles • Logfiles contain all types of data so their are many possibilities.
58. Graphite http://graphiteurl/render? from=-2hours&until=now&width=800&height=600&target=stats.counters.accounts.a uthentication.password.succeeded.count&title=Succesful%20logins Render Api - outputs a image Useful for building custom dashboards <img src=“ ” /> http://graphite.readthedocs.org/en/latest/render_api.html
59. Graphite Powerful function library http://graphite.readthedocs.org/en/latest/functions.html • Timeshift (compare today’s quantity of logins vs those from last weeks) • asPercent (compare one metric as a percent of another failed/attempted logins)
60. StatsD Pluggable back-end amqp-backend ganglia-backend librato-backend socket.io-backend statsd-backend mongo-backend mysql-backend datadog-backend opentsdb backend influxdb backend monitis backend instrumental backend hosted graphite backend statsd aggregation backend zabbix-backend https://github.com/etsy/statsd/wiki/Backends
61. Wrapping up • Measure all the things. • Uses StatsD to collect metrics and graph it with graphite. • Better understanding of your applications. • Improve your applications.