தཱݩͷଘࡏʢՃ๏ͱ๏ʣ w ٯݩͷଘࡏʢՃ๏ʣ w ՄੑʢՃ๏ʣ w ੑ {} + {} = {}, {} × {} = {} (A + B) + C = A + (B + C), (A × B) × C = A × (B × C) 0 + A = A + 0 = A, 1 × A = A × 1 = A (−A) + A = A + (−A) = 0, 1 A × A = A × 1 A = 1 (A ≠ 0) A + B = B + A A × (B + C) = A × B + A × C