PhD Seminar Faculty of Business

Transcript

1. 1
   Active labour market policies
   (ALMP) - the employers' role:
   motives when recruiting from UK
   welfare-to-work schemes
   Richard Meredith
   Work and Employment Research Unit
   University of Greenwich
   R.Meredith@Greenwich.ac.uk
   

   View Slide

2. 2
   SESSION OUTLINE
   • Context
   • Literature
   • Theory
   • Research Questions
   • Methodology
   • Predicted Results
   • Contribution to literature
   • Bibliography
   

   View Slide

3. 3
   UK CONTEXT
   • Unemployment >8% in 17/36 years since 1979
   (spikes in 1981-88; 1991-97; and 2011-12). Back to
   1979 level (5.4%). Persistent sub-national
   disparities (Clegg, 2015; Pike et al., 2012)
   • ALMP since’80s; Contractual layer to PES since
   2012 (Work Programme). Contested nexus of
   welfare and work (Dean, 2013, Niblett et al., 2015; van Ours, 2015;
   Bonoli, 2010).
   • Weak evaluation on evidence of favourable effects
   of ALMP on employment (Card et al., 2015)
   

   View Slide

4. 4
   STYLISED LITERATURE INSIGHT
   • Activation genesis as activation of state and employer
   but individual focus since 1970s (Martin 2015, Ingold & Stuart,
   2014; Weishaupt, 2011; Martin, 2004; Martin & Swank, 2004)
   • Individualisation in labour markets = weak local
   institutions and embedding of employer networks
   (Brown & Marsden, 2011; Grugulis, 2007; Edwards et al., 2002; Streeck,
   1992)
   • Market allocation from employers' perspective - how
   and why employers decide to attract job applicants
   from the unemployed in the labour market (Hasluck, 2011;
   Meadows, 2006)
   

   View Slide

5. 5
   THEORY
   • to investigate the link between recruitment
   practice (dependent variable) and the ALMP
   (independent variable).
   • organisational-level research on staffing and its
   relation to strategy (Ployhart, 2006)
   • organisational recruitment (Breaugh, 2008, Barber
   1998),
   • organisational and management approach (Miles
   et al 1978)
   

   View Slide

6. 6
   RESEARCH QUESTIONS
   • In a theoretical population of the employers who have
   recruited from ALMP schemes:
   • What recruitment strategies do UK employers use?
   • How has ALMP influenced their recruitment decision?
   

   View Slide

7. 7
   METHODOLOGY
   • Gap = what are employer recruitment practices - UK
   Commission for Employment and Skills (Devins et al., 2011,
   p.122)
   • Design = three-stage exploratory sequential mixed
   method strategy in Critical Realism paradigm
   (Ivankova et al., 2006)
   • (a) interviews to generate factors inductively n=4; (b)
   regression of employer responses to on-line survey
   (n=350); (c) focus group (n=8) to check results and
   reach conclusions abductively.
   

   View Slide

8. 8
   PREDICTED RESULTS
   • ALMP not significant influence on employer
   • Recruitment decisions taken on the basis of
   recruitment strategy and ex-anti taste discrimination
   • Determined by the prevailing perceptions about
   individuals from this part of the labour market.
   • Variation of recruitment practice e.g. by sector
   • No influence from Employer Association (eg Local
   Enterprise Partnership or Chamber of Commerce)
   

   View Slide

9. 9
   IMPLICATIONS FOR LITERATURE
   • Extend literature on recruitment theory and practice
   • Extend literature on role of state in UK employment
   relations
   

   View Slide

10. 10
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    • Barber, A.E., 1998. 1998 Recruiting Employees_Individual and Organisational Perspectives.pdf. SAGE Publications.
    • Bonoli, G., 2010. Active labour market policy and social investment: a changing relationship.
    • Breaugh, J.A., 2008. Employee recruitment: Current knowledge and important areas for future research. Human Resource Management Review
    18, 103–118. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.003
    • Brown, W., Marsden, D., 2010. CEP Discussion Paper No 1037 December 2010 Individualisation and Growing Diversity of Employment
    Relationships William Brown and David Marsden.
    • Card, D., Kluve, J., Weber, A., 2015. What Works? A Meta Analysis of Recent Active Labor Market Program Evaluations.
    • Clegg, R., 2015. Monthly Labour Market Statistics - geographical coverage: UK.
    • Dean, H., 2013. The translation of needs into rights: Reconceptualising social citizenship as a global phenomenon: The translation of needs into
    rights. International Journal of Social Welfare 22, S32–S49. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12032
    • Devins, D., Bickerstaffe, T., Nunn, A., Mitchell, B., McQuaid, R., 2011. The Role of Skills from Worklessness to Sustainable Employment with
    Progression. (No. 38). UK Commission for Employment and Skills, Wath-upon-Dearne.
    • Edwards, P., Gilman, M., Ram, M., Arrowsmith, J., 2002. Public Policy, the Performance of Firms, and the “Missing Middle”: The Case of the
    Employment Regulations, and a Role for Local Business Networks. Policy Studies 23, 5–20. doi:10.1080/0144287022000000055
    • Grugulis, I., 2007. Skills, training and human resource development: a critical text. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke [England]; New York.
    • Hasluck, C., 2011. Employers and the recruitment of unemployed people: an evidence review.
    • Ingold, J., Stuart, M., 2014. Employer Engagement in the Work Programme (No. 5). Centre for Employment Relations Innovation & Change,
    Leeds University Business School, Leeds.
    • Martin, C.J., 2004. REINVENTING WELFARE REGIMES Employers and the Implementation of Active Social Policy. World Politics 57, 39–69.
    • Martin, C.J., Swank, D., 2004. Does the organization of capital matter? Employers and active labor market policy at the national and firm levels.
    American Political Science Review 98, 593–611.
    • Martin, J.P., 2015. Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. IZA
    Journal of Labor Policy 4. doi:10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y
    • Meadows, P., 2006. What works with tackling worklessness? London Development Agency, London.
    • Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., Meyer, A.D., Coleman, H.J., 1978. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. The Academy of Management
    Review 3, 546. doi:10.2307/257544
    • Niblett, R., Begg, I., Mushovel, F., 2015. The Welfare State in Europe: Visions for Reform (EU Research Paper). Chatham House: The Royal
    Institute of International Affairs.
    • Pike, A., Tomaney, J., McCarthy, A., 2012. Governing uneven development:: the politics of local and regional development in England, in:
    Regional Development Agencies: The Next Generation?: Networking, Knowledge and Regional Politics. Routledge, pp. 102–122.
    • Ployhart, R.E., 2006. Staffing in the 21st Century: New Challenges and Strategic Opportunities. Journal of Management 32, 868–897.
    

    View Slide