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Serverlessを極めるためにDynamoDBデータモデリングを極めよう / Let’s ...
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Masashi Terui
October 31, 2018
Technology
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Serverlessを極めるためにDynamoDBデータモデリングを極めよう / Let’s become the master of DynamoDB Data Modeling to become the master of Serverless
AWS Dev Day Tokyo 2018の登壇資料です
https://aws.amazon.com/jp/aws-devday-tokyo-2018/
Masashi Terui
October 31, 2018
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Transcript
LET’S BECOME THE MASTER OF DYNAMODB DATA MODELING TO BECOME
THE MASTER OF SERVERLESS MASASHI TERUI @ AWS DEV DAY TOKYO 2018
SERVERWORKS CO.,LTD. + FREELANCER • Serverless Oji-san • Serverless Framework
Plugin Developer • Serverlessconf Tokyo 2016,2017,2018 speaker • Remote worker (in Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido) • http://marcy.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/08/04/231241 MASASHI TERUI ARCHITECT / DEVELOPER
SERVERLESSͳΜͯ০ΓͰ͢ Ғ͍ਓʹͦΕ͕Θ͔ΒΜͷͰ͢Α ͜͜Ұઌʹ(উखʹ)DatabaseτϥοΫͰ͢ʂʂ ⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠ ͜ͷηογϣϯ SERVERLESSཁૉ͕ ΄ͱΜͲ͋Γ·ͤΜʂʂ ⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠⾠
SERVERLESSͬͯ·͔͢ʁ DynamoDBͬͯ·͔͢ʁ
• ͖ • ී௨ • ݏ͍ • LambdaͱRDSͷ૬ੑ͕ѱ͍͔Βํͳ͍ͬͯ͘Δ DynamoDB͖Ͱ͔͢ʁ
• ίωΫγϣϯϞσϧ • Ӭଓత • ηΩϡϦςΟ • ΈࠐΈͷऑ͍ೝূ • VPCͷΞΫηείετʢENIੜॲཧʣ
LambdaͱRDSͷ૬ੑ͕ѱ͍ʁ ͱͯOLTPͰ͑ͳ͍(ඵʙेඵ)
ํ͕ͳ͍͔ΒDynamoDB…… ຊRDBΛ͍͍͚ͨͲ
DynamoDBΛੵۃతʹ͓͏ ͦΜͳϚΠϯυͰେৎʁ
• తʹݴͬͯόΠϒϧ • ͜ΕΛಡΜͰશͯཧղͰ͖ͨਓ ͨͿΜ͜ͷઌΛฉ͘ඞཁ͋Γ·ͤΜʂʂ • https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ja_jp/amazondynamodb/latest/ developerguide/best-practices.html DynamoDB Best
Practices
• ςʔϒϧઃܭͱ͔ΠϯσοΫεઃܭͬͯͲ͏Δͷʁ • ACIDτϥϯβΫγϣϯແ͍ͷʹେৎͳͷʁ • ݁Ռ߹ੑͬͯେৎͳͷʁ • ্ख͘ੑೳΛҾ͖ग़͢ʹͲ͏͢Εྑ͍ʁ DynamoDBͷΑ͋͘Δෆ҆
• ςʔϒϧઃܭͱ͔ΠϯσοΫεઃܭͬͯͲ͏Δͷʁ • ACIDτϥϯβΫγϣϯແ͍ͷʹେৎͳͷʁ • ݁Ռ߹ੑͬͯେৎͳͷʁ • ্ख͘ੑೳΛҾ͖ग़͢ʹͲ͏͢Εྑ͍ʁ DynamoDBͷΑ͋͘Δෆ҆ ͔Βͳ͍͔Βෆ҆ʹͳΔ
• ͋͑ͯྨ͢ΔͳΒࢄKVSͱ͍͏δϟϯϧͷNoSQL • KeyʹΑΔશҰகͱIndex୳ࡧ͕Մೳ • ϑϧϚωʔδυ • ແ੍ݶͷࣗಈ֦ுετϨʔδʢ͚ͬͨͩʣ • ΠϯελϯεͷཧෆཁɺWrite/Readͷੑೳ͚ͩΛࢦఆ͢Δ
DynamoDBͷجຊ
DynamoDBͲΜͳ ”AWSαʔϏε” ͔ Ͱͳ͘
DynamoDBͲΜͳ ”σʔλϕʔε” ͔ ͬͯ·͔͢ʁ
• Consistent Hashing • Vector clocks with reconciliation during reads
• Sloppy Quorum and hinted handoff • Anti-entropy using Merkle trees • Gossip-based membership protocol and failure detection Amazon’s Dynamo ৄ͘͠Γ͍ͨͳΒʢBetterͰ͋ͬͯMustͰͳ͍ʣ https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/10/amazons_dynamo.html
• ΩʔͷϋογϡͰࢄ • όοΫάϥϯυͰߋ৽ΛޙউͪͰಉظ • ݁Ռ߹ੑϕʔε • ॻ͖ࠐΈɾಡΈࠐΈͷQuorumͰ߹ੑ͕ܾ·Δ • ΩʔΛࢦఆͨ͠ಡΈࠐΈڧ߹ੑ͕બՄೳ
͑Δ͖ϙΠϯτ
Partition KeyͷϋογϡͰࢄ Like Hash Table(Index)
• Partition Keyʹ࿈൪Λ͏ͷԿͷҙຯͳ͍͜ͱ͕͔Δ • ࿈൪ΧϯλʔΛ࡞ΔͱPartition͕ภΔ • Max + 1ͳΜͯҎͯͷ֎ •
ཧతʹҰҙͱͳΔଐੑ͕͋ΔͳΒͦΕΛ͏ • ͳ͚ΕUUIDͷΑ͏ͳিಥՄೳੑ͕ۃখͳϥϯμϜͰྑ͍ • SortͰ͖ͳ͍ͷͰSnowflakeͷΑ͏ͳॱংੑཁΒͳ͍ • User IDCognitoͰೝূ͍ͯ͠ΔͳΒCognito͕ൃߦ͢ΔIDΛ͏ • ΞΫηε੍ޚʹ͑Δ ͜ͷલఏΛ౿·͑Δͱ
• 3000RCU, 1000WCU, Index Size 10GB (2018-10-31ݱࡏ) • ͲΕ͔ҰͭͰա͢ΔͱPartitionׂ͕͞ΕΔ •
ׂ͞ΕΔͱ֬อͨ͠Ϣχοτ͕ۉʹׂΓৼΒΕΔ • εϩοτϦϯά࣌ͷҰ࣌తͳόʔετ͕͋Δ • ݶఆతͳόʔετ • ༨Λճ͢ (Adaptive Capacity) Partition͝ͱͷΩϟύγςΟ
B+TREE INDEX B-treeͳͷ͔B+treeͳͷ͔ެද͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͚Ͳ Range Keyͱ͔ݺͿ͘Β͍͔ͩΒ…Ͷʁ
TARGETING QUERY B+treeͷߏΛ͍ͬͯΕ Έ߹ΘͤΩʔͷΠϯσοΫε͕ແͯ͘ ͜͏Εྑ͍͜ͱ͕͔Δ
Partition KeyͰࢄͨ͠தͰSort KeyͰྻ ͜ͷΠϝʔδΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱ͕ͱͯॏཁ
• Partition KeyͰࢄͨ͠ΠϯελϯεʹIndex͕ߏங͞ΕΔ • ҰͭͷΠϯελϯεͰಉظతʹIndexߋ৽͞ΕΔ • ڧ߹ੑ͕બՄೳ • Primary Sort
KeyͷϦʔϑϊʔυʹ࣮σʔλͷΞυϨε͕ ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔΠϝʔδʢͱࢥΘΕΔʣ • LSI࣮σʔλΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ͷͰॏෳՄೳ Primary Sort Key, LSI
GSI࣮ςʔϒϧͷࣹӨ
• ू߹ʹ͓͚ΔࣹӨ • GSIͷPartition KeyΛݩʹࢄ ʢߋ৽ඇಉظͰద༻ʣ • ϦʔϑϊʔυʹଐੑͱPrimary Key ʢৄ͘͠ޙड़ʣ
• ιʔτࡁΈͷσʔλͷ෦ෳ ʢҟೝΊΔʣ ࣹӨ ࡶͳMySQLύϑΥʔϚϯενϡʔχϯά from yoku0825 https://www.slideshare.net/yoku0825/mysql-57449062/62
• KEYS_ONLY: Primary KeyͷͷΈ • INCLUDE: Primary Keyͷ + બͨ͠ଐੑ
• ALL: શͯͷଐੑ • GSIʹؚΊͨଐੑPrimary KeyΛҾ͖͢ඞཁ͕ͳ͘ͳΔ • ಡΈࠐΈͷޮԽ • ߋ৽ίετͱͷτϨʔυΦϑ • MySQLPostgreSQLͰݴ͏Covering Index / Index Only ScanͷΠϝʔδ GSI͕ࣹӨ͢ΔଐੑͷΦϓγϣϯ
• ϝΠϯςʔϒϧͱผͷPartitionͰࢄ͞ΕΔ • ߋ৽ඇಉظͰө • ݁Ռ߹ੑͬͯେৎͳͷʁ • RDSͩͬͯRead ReplicaಡΜͩΒ݁Ռ߹ੑͰ͢Αʁʁ •
GSIͷΫΤϦ͍͍ͩͨRead Replicaʹ͛ΔΑ͏ͳΫΤϦ GSIʹର͢ΔΫΤϦ݁Ռ߹ੑ
ΈΛΕ࣮ʹγϯϓϧ શ෦RDBͰطʹ͋ͬͨΈͰ͢Αʁʁ
☓ DynamoDBบ͕͋Δ ◦ RDBͷบ͕͋Γ͗͢Δ →γϯϓϧ͗͢ΔDynamoDBͱͷΪϟοϓ͕ڧͯͦ͘͏ײ͡Δ͚ͩ ɹRDBʹચ͞Ε͍ͯΔΜ͡Όͳ͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʁ
DynamoDBͷσʔλϞσϦϯάͱ ͭ·Δͱ͜Ζ
σʔλͷஔΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ ҟೝΊΔʂʂ
σʔλϞσϦϯάͷߟ͑ํͷϙΠϯτ ஔΛܾΊΔͨΊͷ
• εΩʔϚϨεͷҙຯΛߟ͑Δ • List, Map͕࣋ͯΔ͜ͱʁ • ޙ͔ΒଐੑΛγʔϜϨεʹՃͰ͖Δ͜ͱʁ • A. ͳΜͰಥͬࠐΊΔ͜ͱ
• Partition KeyͰࢄ • ςʔϒϧΛ͚ͳͯ͘ෛՙࢄ͢Δ • ۃ͢Δͱ͚Δҙຯ͕ͳ͍ɺ͚ͳ͍ํ͕ΩϟύγςΟ͕ཧ͍͢͠ • “ઃܭ͕༏ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰɺඞཁͳςʔϒϧ 1 ͭͷΈͰ͢” • GSIͷݸ੍ݶ(5ݸ)ͳͲ͋ΔͷͰۀυϝΠϯຖʹҰͭ͘Β͍ͷؾ࣋ͪ ςʔϒϧͷ͚ํ
• RDB • ·ͣεΩʔϚΛߟ͑Δ • ਖ਼نԽ • ͦΕʹରͯ͠Ͳ͏ΞΫηε͢Δ͔(SQL)ߟ͑Δ • DynamoDB
• εΩʔϚϨε • ඇਖ਼نԽ • ·ͣΞΫηεΛߟ͑ͯɺͦΕʹ߹ΘͤͨσʔλΛ࡞Δ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱσʔλϞσϧಉ࣌ʹઃܭ͢Δ RDBͱΞϓϩʔν͕શ͘ҟͳΔ
ACIDτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕ແ͍ͷͲ͏͢Δͷʁ ͱ͍͑
• ݪࢠੑ (Atomicity) • Ұ؏(߹)ੑ (Consistency) • ಠཱੑ (Isolation) •
Ӭଓੑ (Durability) ͦͦACIDͬͯͳΜ͚ͩͬʁ ͜ΕΒΛ୲อ͢Δ͜ͱ͕తͰ͋ͬͯ τϥϯβΫγϣϯγεςϜͰ͋Δඞཁແ͍
• RDB • ਖ਼نԽ͍ͯ͘͠ͱςʔϒϧͷجຊతʹ૿͑Δ • ཧతʹ͔Εͨςʔϒϧ(Ϩίʔυ)ؒͷ߹ੑΛऔΔΈ͕͋Δ • ϦϨʔγϣϯγοϓ • ֎෦Ωʔ੍
• ACIDτϥϯβΫγϣϯ • DynamoDB • ඇਖ਼نԽͯ͠1ͭͷ࣮ମʹ͍ͭͯ1ͭͷΞΠςϜʹऩΊΔ • 1ΞΠςϜͷߋ৽ΞτϛοΫ ACIDͷ୲อ
• PutItem • ΞΠςϜΛ·Δ͝ͱߋ৽͢Δɺແ͔ͬͨΒ࡞Δ • Get -> ॻ͖͑ -> Putͩͱಠཱੑ่͕ΕΔ
• UpdateItem • ΞΠςϜΛ෦ߋ৽ɺແ͔ͬͨΒ࡞Δ • List, Mapͷ෦ՃɺআͳͲՄೳ • ଐੑͷΛར༻ͨ͠ߋ৽Մೳʢ͋Δଐੑʹ+1͢Δ) • ଐੑͷΛར༻͖ͨ݅͠ॻ͖ࠐΈ DynamoDBͷߋ৽ૢ࡞
ඇਖ਼نԽ͢ΔͱಡΈࠐΈ͕ͭΒ͍ ϑϧεΩϟϯ͢Δ͔͠ͳ͍ શ෦GSIషΔͷʁ
CQRSͰ͢Α ͦ͜Ͱ
• ॻ͖ࠐΉσʔλͱಡΈࠐΉσʔλಉ͡Ͱ͋Δඞཁແ͍ • ݁Ռ߹ੑΛड͚ೖΕͯඇಉظͰಡΈࠐΈσʔλΛ࡞ΕΔ • CommandͷྃΛͬͯQuery༻σʔλΛ࡞ΕΔ • DynamoDB Streams͕Ϛον͢Δ •
CQRSΛૉʹ࣮͢Δͱ·ͣKinesis Streams͚ͩͲ • Materialized View CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)
ARCHITECTURE PATTERN AppSync͕͜Ε͔ΒॏཁͳҐஔΛΊΔͣ
DATA ATOMICITY MicroserviesతͳΠϝʔδͰ͜ͷݪ୯Ґ͕ॏཁ σʔλετΞɾςʔϒϧͷ͚ํͰͳ͍ ލ͕͍ͤͨͳΒMaterialized ViewΛ࡞Δ User Profile User Status
Name Email Read/Write Search Read/Write
͜ΜͳΠϝʔδ 1ͭͷGSIͰ༷ʑͳݕࡧ͕Ͱ͖Δ
• ෳͷ࣮ମʹލΔτϥϯβΫγϣϯ • DynamoDB୯ମͩͱ͜͜Ͳ͏ͯͭ͠Β͍ • τϥϯβΫγϣϯϨϕϧͷ࠷ߴSelializable • ͭ·ΓྻԽ • Kinesis
StreamsͰྻԽ • ίέΔ͔͠Εͳ͍ͷͰႈʹ࣮͢Δ • ݅ॻ͖ࠐΈͰطʹߦͬͨॲཧΛSkip͢Δͷႈ • ͱ͍͏͔ɺKinesis StreamsͰಉ࣌ଓΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢ΕRDSͬͨͬͯྑ͍Θ͚Ͱ… ͱ͍͑ݶք͋Δ
ADVANCED TIPS ͍͔ͭ͘͝հ
• Partition Keyͷύλʔϯ͕গͳ͍߹ • ࢄ͠ͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ • 1PartitionͷΩϟύγςΟΛӽ͑ͦ͏ͳΒγϟʔσΟϯά͢Δ • KeyҎ֎ͷࣗ໌ͳଐੑ͔ΒܭࢉՄೳͳSuffixΛ༩͢Δ •
ूܭൣғݕࡧͷඞཁ͕ͳ͚ΕHash • ඞཁ͕͋ΕMod GSIͷγϟʔσΟϯά
͜ΜͳΠϝʔδ Unicode PointΛ߹ܭͯ͠200Ͱ ׂͬͨ༨ΓΛ༻͍ͯ͠Δ
• DynamoDBͷIndexSparse • Indexଐੑ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍߹ɺIndexʹͦͷσʔλؚ·ͳ͍ • ಛఆͷΞΠςϜͷΈʹଘࡏ͢ΔଐੑΛࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ Index༰ྔ͕େ͖͘ѹॖͰ͖Δ Sparse Index
SortཁΒͳ͍ GSIʹ҉ͰPrimary Keyؚ͕·ΕΔ
• Α͋͘Δ֊ߏΛ࣋ͭσʔλ • ৫ߏ • ωετͨ͠ΧςΰϥΠζ • ͳͲͳͲ • ݕࡧΛߟ͑ͳ͚Ε֊ߏΛ·Δͬͱ1ΞΠςϜʹԡ͠ࠐΉ
• Sort KeyͰ֊Λදݱ͢Δ Hierarchical data
Sort KeyͰલํҰகݕࡧ ͋ɺ͜ΕSQLΞϯνύλʔϯͰʢ͈́ ઃܭ͕ࡶͳͷ͝Ѫᇷ
“DynamoDB ދͷר” [ݕࡧ] http://marcy.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/07/31/213705 ҰԠະͳͷͰ·ͩॻ͔͘
“LET’S BECOME THE MASTER OF DYNAMODB” THANKS!! “TO BECOME THE
MASTER OF SERVERLESS”