early days, the Muslims were instructed by God to attend to their prayers. The Angel Gabriel taught the Prophet Muhammad the form of prayer which was to become the mark of all Muslims. There are varying reports on the number and length of [obligatory] prayers the Muslims were asked to offer in those days. What is certain is that these were not five obligatory prayers every day. Probably these were only two, one in the morning and one at dusk. They were to be increased later…” (Excerpt from Muhammad, Man and Prophet by Adil Salahi, p. 85) 2 The Evolution of Prayer in Early Islam
prayer was mandatory in the beginning! Why? O you wrapped ˹in your clothes˺! Stand all night ˹in prayer˺ except a little— half the night, or a little less, or a little more—and recite the Quran in a measured way. We will soon send upon you a weighty message. Indeed, worship in the night is more impactful and suitable for recitation. For during the day you are over-occupied ˹Always˺ remember the Name of your Lord, and devote yourself to Him wholeheartedly. (Surah al-Muzzamil 73:1-8) ﱠ ﻻِإ َﻞْﯿﱠﻠﻟا ِﻢُﻗ (1) ُﻞﱢﻣﱠﺰُﻤْﻟا ﺎَﮭﱡﯾَأ ﺎَﯾ ً ﻼﯿِﻠَﻗ ُﮫْﻨِﻣ ْﺺُﻘﻧا ِوَأ ُﮫَﻔْﺼﱢﻧ (2) ً ﻼﯿِﻠَﻗ َنآْﺮُﻘْﻟا ِﻞﱢﺗَرَو ِﮫْﯿَﻠَﻋ ْدِز ْوَأ (3) ً ﻻْﻮَﻗ َﻚْﯿَﻠَﻋ ﻲِﻘْﻠُﻨَﺳ ﺎﱠﻧِإ (4) ً ﻼﯿِﺗْﺮَﺗ ﱡﺪَﺷَأ َﻲِھ ِﻞْﯿﱠﻠﻟا َﺔَﺌِﺷﺎَﻧ ﱠنِإ (5) ً ﻼﯿِﻘَﺛ ﻲِﻓ َﻚَﻟ ﱠنِإ (6) ً ﻼﯿِﻗ ُمَﻮْﻗَأَو ﺎًﺌْطَو َﻢْﺳا ِﺮُﻛْذاَو (7) ً ﻼﯾِﻮَط ﺎًﺤْﺒَﺳ ِرﺎَﮭﱠﻨﻟا (8) ً ﻼﯿِﺘْﺒَﺗ ِﮫْﯿَﻟِإ ْﻞﱠﺘَﺒَﺗَو َﻚﱢﺑَر
your Lord knows that you ˹O Prophet˺ stand ˹in prayer˺ for nearly two-thirds of the night, or ˹sometimes˺ half of it, or a third, as do some of those with you. Allah ˹alone˺ keeps a ˹precise˺ measure of the day and night. He knows that you ˹believers˺ are unable to endure this, and has turned to you in mercy. So recite ˹in prayer˺ whatever you can from the Quran… (Surah al-Muzzamil 73:20) َنﯾِذﱠﻟٱ َنﱢﻣ ٌۭﺔَﻔِﺋﺂَط َ و ۥُﮫَﺛُﻠُﺛ َ و ۥُﮫَﻔْﺻِﻧ َ و ِلْﯾﱠﻟٱ ِﻰَﺛُﻠُﺛ نِﻣ ٰ ﻰَﻧْدَأ ُموُﻘَﺗ َكﱠﻧَأ ُمَﻠْﻌَﯾ َكﱠﺑَر ﱠنِإ ﺎَﻣ ۟اوُءَرْﻗﭑَﻓ ۖ ْمُﻛْﯾَﻠَﻋ َبﺎَﺗَﻓ ُهوُﺻْﺣُﺗ نﱠﻟ نَأ َمِﻠَﻋ ۚ َرﺎَﮭﱠﻧﻟٱ َ و َلْﯾﱠﻟٱ ُرﱢدَﻘُﯾ ُ ﱠ ٱ َ و ۚ َكَﻌَﻣ ِناَءْرُﻘْﻟٱ َنِﻣ َرﱠﺳَﯾَﺗ ۚ