Time in Physics and Computer Science Transactions

Short presentation given at the HPTS conference in Asilomar.

Transcript

1. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Time in Physics and Computer Science Paul Borrill EARTH Computing
2. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Time emerges from entanglement Everything you thought you knew about time is now obsolete
3. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Time is change we can count There is no evidence whatsoever for a smooth background of spacetime Bell’s Inequalities have been telling us for a while now that there’s something wrong with Minkowski’s 4D “spacetime”
4. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Time is not continuous Everything we measure is discrete
5. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Time is not irreversible All our theories are time reversal invariant Classical (Newtonian) Relativistic (Special and General) Standard Model (Quantum Field Theory)
6. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Everything Moves at SOL
7. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Everything Moves at SOL You can’t see photons coming; you can only see them arrive
8. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill So What?
9. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill We cannot achieve exactly once delivery unless it is paired (intimately) with exactly once transmission not guaranteed by the “end to end principle”
10. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Switches are DReDDful (they Drop, Reorder, Delay and Duplicate packets) We Need Something Else
11. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Compare and set atomicity cannot be guaranteed across a switched network, or any network that can be partitioned We Need Something Else
12. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Heartbeats don’t scale We Need Something Else
13. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Timeouts create cascade failures We Need Something Else
14. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Cell Agent A ∅ Half Link A Half-Edge Entangled (Hidden ENTL Packets) ENTL Circulating ENTL Event ENTL ENTL w x z y EARTH Computing Link • Reversible • No-Copying • Atomic Information Transfer (AIT)
 Guaranteed in the sense that both sides can “know” if it failed or succeeded Cell Agent A Cell Agent B Half Link A Half Link B Tx/Rx Media
15. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Mathematical Foundation Groupoid semantics for timeless networks and secure classical key distribution David Reutter Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford david.reutter@cs.ox.ac.uk Jamie Vicary Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford jamie.vicary@cs.ox.ac.uk Abstract—We provide a mathematical foundation for timeless networks, a new paradigm for distributed communication which has recently been proposed. Our approach is based on groubits, generalizations of classical bits arising from groupoids with spe- cial properties. Our techniques give a clean mathematical model for timeless networks, and allow the description and verification of a number of interesting protocols, including message routing without timeouts, and information theoretically–secure classical key distribution, under minimal security assumptions. We also build classical-physics implementations of a number of quantum protocols on networks of groubits, including dense coding and teleportation. I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview In this paper we study the foundations of timeless networks, a new paradigm for distributed communication presented re- cently by Borrill [1] and currently under commercial devel- opment by Earth Computing1. We study a mathematically- The read operation destroys a groubit and creates a conven- tional bit, while the write operation destroys a conventional bit and creates a new groubit. Pairs of groubits can also be connected by a link, enabling the Tick operation, where A and B label the two connected nodes, and ⊕ is addition modulo 2: • Tick((AL,AI ),(BL,BI ) =((AL,AI ⊕BL ),(BL,BI ⊕AL )) Intuitively, for each node in the pair, we flip the internal bit just when the other node has logical bit equal to 1. Nodes can belong to multiple links, in general forming a graph topology. B. Assumptions We make some assumptions about these groubit operations. • Atomicity. The operations Init, Swap, Read, Write and Tick are implemented atomically. • Security. A user can never discover any information about the state of a node, except via Read. We emphasize that claims we make about the functionality arxiv.org/abs/1707.00966
16. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill P P:0 Q:-- R:-- Q P:-- Q:0 R:-- R P:-- Q:-- R:0 P P:1 Q:2 R:1 P P:2 Q:2 R:1 P P:3 Q:3 R:3 Q P:-- Q:1 R:1 Q P:-- Q:2 R:1 Q P:-- Q:3 R:1 Q P:2 Q:4 R:1 Q P:2 Q:5 R:1 R P:-- Q:-- R:1 R P:-- Q:3 R:2 R P:-- Q:3 R:3 R P:2 Q:5 R:4 R P:2 Q:5 R:5 P P:4 Q:5 R:5 t Process Causal History Future Effect slope ≤ c slope ≤ c slope ≤ c slope ≤ c 11 12 13 14 21 22 23 24 25 32 31 33 34 35
17. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Why Can’t Links be Reversible? the snapshot problem
18. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill Thank You EARTH Computing Solid Ground Beneath The Clouds
19. Patents Pending | Earth Computing Inc. | Paul Borrill References • Stanford 2016: “The Time-Less DataCenter" (November 2016) • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPTlTmH-YvQ • Slides: http://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/161116-slides.pdf • Info: http://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/161116.html • Papers We Love 2016: “Lamport’s Unfinished Revolution” (July 2016) • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&t=32m27s&v=CWF3QnfihL4 • Slides: https://speakerdeck.com/pborrill/time-clocks-and-the-reordering-of-events-pwl-san-francisco-14-jul-2016 • Info: https://www.meetup.com/papers-we-love-too/events/228341271/ • Stanford 2014: “Time in Physics, and Implications for Computer Science”: • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfvouFIVCmQ • Slides: http://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/140416-Borrill-slides.pdf • Info: http://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/091111.html • Time’s arrow emerges from observers. https://www.wired.com/2016/09/arrow-of-time/ • PBS SpaceTime https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguAN1_JouQ • Groubits https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.00966