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footbiomechanics

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February 02, 2023
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 footbiomechanics

足のバイオメカニクスの基礎について

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PT Tiger

February 02, 2023
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Transcript

  1. 'PPU#JPNFDIBOJDT όΠΦϝΧχΫεͷجૅͱͳΔ ղ๤ֶ΍༻ޠʹ͍ͭͯ

  2. 'PSFGPPU .JEGPPU 3FBSGPPU ᪇અࠎɹ1IBMBOHFTɹɹ த଍ࠎɹ.FUBUBSTBMTɹ सঢ়ࠎɹ/BWJDVMBSɹ ཱํࠎɹ$VCPJE ಺ଆᑹঢ়ࠎɹ.FEJBMDVOFJGPSN தؒᑹঢ়ࠎɹ*OUFSNFEJBUFDVOFJGPSN ֎ଆᑹঢ়ࠎɹ-BUFSBMDVOFJGPSN

    ڑࠎɹ5BMVT ᪜ࠎɹ$BMDBOFVT લ଍෦ த଍෦ ޙ଍෦ #POFɹࠎ

  3. ଍ࠜத଍ؔઅʢϦεϑϥϯؔઅʣ 5BSTPNFUBUBSTBMKPJOUT -JTGSBODKPJOU ԣ଍ࠜؔઅʢγϣύʔϧؔઅʣ 5SBOTWFSTFUBSTBMKPJOUT $IPQBSEKPJOU ڑसؔઅ 5BMPOBWJDVMBSKPJOU ᑹसؔઅ $VOFPOBWJDVMBSKPJOU

    ᪜ཱํؔઅ $BMDBOFPDVCPJEKPJOU ڑࠎԼؔઅ 4VCUBMBSKPJOU த଍᪇અؔઅ .FUBUBSTPQIBMBOHFBMKPJOUT +PJOUɹؔઅ

  4. 3BZྻ TUSBZ OESBZ SESBZ UISBZ UISBZ TUNFUBUBSTBMBOENFEJBMDVOFJGPSN OENFUBUBSTBMBOEJOUFSNFEJBUFDVOFJGPSN SENFUBUBSTBMBOESBUFSBMDVOFJGPSN UINFUBUBSTBM

    UINFUBUBSTBM

  5. -JHBNFOUਟଳ %FFQ5SBOTWFSTF .FUBUBSTBM-JHBNFOUT ਂԣத଍ਟଳ -POH1MBOUBS-JHBNFOU ௕଍ఈਟଳ 1MBOUBS$VCPJEPOBWJDVMBS -JHBNFOU ఈଆसཱํਟଳ 4QSJOH-JHBNFOU

    ఈଆ᪜सਟଳ 1MBOUBS$VOFPOBWJDVMBS -JHBNFOU ఈଆᑹसਟଳ 4IPSU1MBOUBS-JHBNFOU ୹଍ఈਟଳ ଍ͷॎํ޲ͱԣํ޲ʹडಈతͳ҆ఆੑΛఏڙ͢Δ଍ఈͷओཁͳਟଳ

  6. -JHBNFOUPGUIF"OLMFKPJOUT ޙڑᡯਟଳ ᪜ᡯਟଳ લڑᡯਟଳ ֎ଆଆ෭ਟଳ ɹલํਟଳ ʢؔઅแͷංްʣ લᡧᡯਟଳ "OUFSJPSBTQFDU 1PTUFSJPSBTQFDU

    -BUFSBMBTQFDU .FEJBMBTQFDU ࡾ֯ਟଳ ಺ଆଆ෭ਟଳද૚ ಺ଆଆ෭ਟଳਂ૚ લํઢҡଋ ޙํઢҡଋ ᪜ᡯਟଳ લڑᡯਟଳ લํਟଳ ɹɹʢؔઅแͷංްʣ લᡧᡯਟଳ ࡾ֯ਟଳ ಺ଆଆ෭ਟଳਂ૚ લํઢҡଋ ᪜ᡯਟଳ ޙํਟଳ ɹʢؔઅแͷංްʣ ޙᡧᡯਟଳ ಺ଆଆ෭ਟଳਂ૚ ޙํઢҡଋ ޙڑᡯਟଳ

  7. -JHBNFOUPGUIF4VCUBMBSKPJOUT ޙڑ᪜ਟଳ ֎ଆڑ᪜ਟଳ ࠎؒڑ᪜ਟଳ લํઢҡଋ ޙํઢҡଋ ࠎؒڑ᪜ਟଳ͸ਖ਼֬ʹԼḰ࣠ͷԆ௕ઢ্ʹҐஔ͢Δ

  8. ༻ޠͷ੔ཧ ೥݄ΑΓ଍ؔઅʹؔ࿈ͨؔ͠અՄಈҬͷදه͕౷Ұ͞ΕΔ

  9. ໼ঢ়໘ͷӡಈ 1MBOUBS fl FYJPO ఈ۶ %PSTJ fl FYJPO എ۶ /FVUSBM

  10. ਫฏ໘ͷӡಈ "EEVDUJPO ಺స "CEVDUJPO ֎స /FVUSBM

  11. લֹ໘ͷӡಈ *OWFSTJPO &WFSTJPO /FVUSBM ಺͕͑͠ ֎͕͑͠

  12. ̏ฏ໘ෳ߹ӡಈ 4VQJOBUJPO ճ֎ 1SPOBUJPO ճ಺ ఈ۶ ಺స ಺͕͑͠ എ۶ ֎స

    ֎͕͑͠

  13. ӡಈ໘ ೔ຊޠ ӳޠ ஫ҙ఺ ໼ঢ়໘ 4JHJUUBMQMBOF എ۶ʗఈ۶ EPSTJ fl FYJPOQMBOUFS

    fl FYJPO ɹ଍᪇ʹؔͯ͠͸ ɹ৳లɾ۶ۂͱදه   ਫฏ໘ 'SPOUBMQMBOF ɹ ֎సʗ಺స ֎ટʗ಺ટ ֎సʗ಺స BCEVDUJPOBEEVDUJPO FYUFSOBMSPUBUJPOJOUFSOBMSPUBUJPO BCEVDUJPOBEEVDUJPO ɹޙ଍෦ʹؔͯ͠͸ɺ ɹ಺֎ટɺ಺֎స͕ ɹಉఔ౓ʹදه લֹ໘ 5SBOTWFSTFQMBOF ֎͕͑͠ʗ಺͕͑͠ ʢ֎൓ʗ಺൓ʣ FWFSTJPOJOWFSTJPO ɹ೥݄̐ΑΓؔઅ ɹՄಈҬͷදه͕վగ ̏ฏ໘ 5SJQMBOF ճ಺ʗճ֎ ʢഎ۶֎స֎͕͑͠ ʗఈ۶಺స಺͕͑͠ʣ QSPOBUJPOTVQJOBUPO มܗΛද͢༻ޠ ֎൓ʗ಺൓ WBMHVTWBSVT ྫʣ֎൓฼᪇ ɹɹޙ଍෦಺൓มܗ લ଍෦ ޙ଍෦ ଍ؔઅɾ଍෦ͷӡಈɹ·ͱΊ

  14. ؔઅͷ࣠ͱݸମࠩ ؔઅͷ࣠͸શͯͷ໘ʹରͯ͠܏͖Λ࣋ͭ શ͘ಉ͡ܗঢ়ͷࠎ͸Ұͭ΋ͳ͍

  15. › › ڑḰؔઅ࣠ લֹ໘ͱਫฏ໘ʹରͯ͠ฒߦʹ͍ۙ࣠Λ࣋ͭͨΊɺओͳಈ͖͸໼ঢ়໘্ͷఈഎ۶

  16. ڑࠎ׈ंͷԁਲ਼ܗঢ়Ϟσϧ Inman.1997 ڑࠎ׈ं͸ԁਲ਼ܗঢ়ͷ࣠Λ࣋ͪɺ͜ΕʹΑΓఈഎ۶ʹ൐͏ӡಈ͕ੜ੒

  17. /FVUSBM "CEVDUJPO &WFSTJPO *OWFSTJPO "CCVDUJPO %PSTJ fl FYJPO 1MBOUBS fl

    FYJPO ڑࠎ͸എ۶ʹ൐͍֎సɾ֎ฦ͠ɺఈ۶ʹ൐͍಺సɾ಺ฦ͢͠Δ ڑḰؔઅʹ͓͚Δڑࠎͷಈ͖

  18. /FVUSBM %PSTJ fl FYJPO 1MBOUBS fl FYJPO ԼḰ͸എ۶ʹ൐͍଍෦ʹରͯ͠૬ରతʹ಺ટ͠ɺఈ۶ʹ൐͍֎ટ͢Δ *OUFSOBMSPUBUJPO &YUFSOBMSPUBUJPO

    ڑḰؔઅʹ͓͚ΔԼḰͷಈ͖

  19. ڑḰؔઅ࣠ͷݸମࠩ ଍ؔઅఈഎ۶ʹ͓͚Δؔઅ࣠ͷมԽɻಛʹఈ۶ӡಈʹ͓͍ͯɺ̔ਓͷඃݧऀͦΕͧΕͰ͹Β ͖͕ͭେ͖͘ɺݸਓ͕ࠩେ͖͍͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ Lundberg A.1998 ఈ۶›› ఈ۶›› ఈ۶›› എ۶›› എ۶››

    എ۶››

  20. ڑࠎԼؔઅ࣠ › › ̏ฏ໘શͯʹରͯ࣠͠Λ࣋ͭʢ໼ঢ়໘ʹରͯ͠›ɺਫฏ໘ʹରͯ͠›ʣ

  21. › › › › ໼ঢ়໘ɺਫฏ໘ʹରͯ͠ฏߦʹ͍ۙ࣠ ڑࠎԼؔઅͷݸମࠩ ਫฏ໘ʹରͯ͠େ͖ͳ֯౓Λ࣋ͭ

  22. ڑࠎԼؔઅͷݸମࠩ ՄಈҬ͸ؔઅ໘ͷ਺͕গͳ͍΄Ͳେ͖͍ +BO#SVDLOFS 5IFKPVSOBMPGPSUIPQFEJDBOETQPSUTQIZTJDBMUIFSBQZ 

  23. ԣ଍ࠜؔઅ࣠ ࣼ࣠ ࣼ࣠ ॎ࣠ ॎ࣠ › › › ̕› ॎ࣠͸લֹ໘্ͷಈ͖ɺࣼ࣠͸໼ঢ়໘ɾਫฏ໘্ͷಈ͖

  24. ڑसؔઅͷݸମࠩ Ԝ଍ χϡʔτϥϧ ঱ঢ়ͷͳ͍ἷฏ଍ ঱ঢ়ͷ͋Δἷฏ଍ ڑࠎͱसঢ়ࠎͷඃ෴཰ɾҐஔؔ܎ɺڑࠎମʹର͢Δڑࠎ಄ͷҐஔؔ܎͸଍෦ͷܗঢ় ʹΑͬͯݸମ͕ࠩେ͖͍ 5BMPOBWJDVMBSKPJOU$PWFSBHFBOE#POF.PSQIPMPHZCFUXFFO%JGGFSFOU'PPU5ZQFTɹ1IJMJQ, KPVSOBMPGPSUIPQBFEJDSFTFBSDI

  25. ᪜ཱํؔઅͷܗঢ় $BMDBOFPDVCPJEKPJOUBOETUBCJMJUZPGUIFMPOHJUVEJOBMBSDIPGUIFGPPU'JOO# +"OBU Ұൠతͳཱํࠎ ᪜ࠎಥىͷͳཱ͍ํࠎ ʢʹଘࡏʣ ཱํࠎͷԼ໘Λ௨Δ௕ᡯࠎےʹ Αͬͯ֎൓͢Δͱؔઅ໘ʹີண Ҍؔઅʹ෼ྨ

  26. › ୈҰྻ࣠ લֹ໘ͱ໼ঢ়໘ʹ›ͷ֯౓Λ࣋ͭͨΊɺओͳӡಈ͸ఈ۶֎ฦ͠ɺഎ۶಺ฦ͠

  27. .JEGPPUNPUJPO ఈ۶ എ۶ ಺ฦ͠ ಺ฦ͠ ֎ฦ͠ ֎ฦ͠ த଍ࠎ಄͔Βఈഎ۶ɺ಺֎൓ํ޲΁఍߅Λ͔͚ͨࡍͷԣ଍ࠜؔઅʙ଍ࠜத଍ؔઅͷՄಈੑɹ 5ZF+0V[PVOJBOBM*O7JUSP%FUFSNJOBUJPOPG.JEGPPU.PUJPO'PPU"OLMFɿ

  28. .JEGPPUNPUJPOɹ%PSTJGMFYJPO1MBOUBSGMFYJPO ฏۉఈഎ۶֯౓ʢ›ʣ ࠷খ஋ʢ›ʣ ࠷େ஋ʢ›ʣ ඪ४ภࠩ ڑसؔઅ5/    

    ᪜ཱํؔઅ$$     ಺ଆᑹसؔઅ.&%     தؒᑹसؔઅ.*%     ֎ଆᑹसؔઅ-"5     ಺ଆᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̍த଍ࠎ.     தؒᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̎த଍ࠎ.     ֎ଆᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̏த଍ࠎ.     ཱํࠎʔୈ̐த଍ࠎ.     ཱํࠎʔୈ̑த଍ࠎ.     5ZF+0V[PVOJBOBM*O7JUSP%FUFSNJOBUJPOPG.JEGPPU.PUJPO'PPU"OLMFɿ

  29. .JEGPPUNPUJPOɹ*OWFSTJPO&WFSTJPO ฏۉ಺֎ฦ֯͠౓ʢ›ʣ ࠷খ஋ʢ›ʣ ࠷େ஋ʢ›ʣ ඪ४ภࠩ ڑसؔઅ5/    

    ᪜ཱํؔઅ$$     ಺ଆᑹसؔઅ.&%     தؒᑹसؔઅ.*%     ֎ଆᑹसؔઅ-"5     ಺ଆᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̍த଍ࠎ.     தؒᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̎த଍ࠎ.     ֎ଆᑹঢ়ࠎʔୈ̏த଍ࠎ.     ཱํࠎʔୈ̐த଍ࠎ.     ཱํࠎʔୈ̑த଍ࠎ.     5ZF+0V[PVOJBOBM*O7JUSP%FUFSNJOBUJPOPG.JEGPPU.PUJPO'PPU"OLMFɿ

  30. .JEGPPUNPUJPO        5/ $$

    .&% .*% -"5 . . . . . ฏۉఈഎ۶֯౓ʢ›ʣ ฏۉ಺֎ฦ֯͠౓ʢ›ʣ 5ZF+0V[PVOJBOBM*O7JUSP%FUFSNJOBUJPOPG.JEGPPU.PUJPO'PPU"OLMFɿ

  31. "SDI

  32. ᶃ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ ᶛ ᶄ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ

    ᶚ ᶛ ᶅ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ ᶛ ᶆ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ ᶛ Ξʔν่͕ΕΔϝΧχζϜ

  33. Ξʔν่͕ΕΔϝΧχζϜɹ଍෦ෆ҆ఆੑ ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ

  34. ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ ᶛ Ξʔνͷิڧ

  35. .FEJBM-POHJUVEJOBM"SDI 5JCJBMBOUFSJPS 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS 'MFYPS)BMMVDJT-POHVT "CEVDUPS)BMMVTJT.VTDMFT TU.FUBUBSTBMT .FEJBMDVOFJGPSN /BWJDVMBS 5BMVT $BMDBOFVT

  36. -BUFSBM-POHJUVEJOBM"SDI "CEVDUPSEJHJUJNJOJNVT 1FSPOFVTMPOHVT 1FSPOFVTCSFWJT 5SJTFQTTVSBF UI.FUBUBSTBMT $VCPJE $BMDBOFVT

  37. Ξʔν่͕ΕΔϝΧχζϜɹ଍ؔઅഎ۶੍ݶ ଍ؔઅഎ۶ͷՄಈҬ੍ݶʹΑͬͯɺՙॏ࣌ʹڑࠎ͕Լʹԡ͠Լ͛ΒΕΔ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯੜ͡ΔΞʔνͷ่Ε

  38. τϥεϝΧχζϜ ՙॏ͕ՃΘͬͨࡍʹɺΞʔνΛߏ੒͢Δ̎ลͱ৳ॖ͢Δఈลͷࡾ֯ܗʹΑͬͯɺিܸٵऩ͢Δػߏ &YUSJOTJDGPPUNVTDMF 1MBOUBSMJHBNFOU 1MBOUBSGBTDJB *OUSJOTJDGPPUNVTDMF

  39. τϥεϝΧχζϜͷػೳෆશ ఈลͷ૊৫ͷ؇ΈʹΑͬͯɺΞʔν͕௵Εɺલํ΁ͷਪਐྗ͕ࣦΘΕΔ

  40. ΢ΠϯυϥεϝΧχζϜ ଍᪇ͷഎ۶ʹΑͬͯɺ଍ఈ伳ບͷۓு͕ߴ·ΓɺΞʔνΛ૿Ճͤ͞଍෦ͷ߶ੑΛߴΊΔ

  41. ΢ΠϯυϥεϝΧχζϜ ௕฼᪇۶ے΋଍ఈ伳ບͱಉ༷ͷಇ͖Λ͢Δ Flexor Hallucis Longus Plantar fascia

  42. "EEVDUPSIBMMVTJTNVTDMFT 1FSPOFVTMPOHVT 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS .FUBUBSTBMIFBE $VCPJE $VOFJGPSN /BWJDVMBS $VCPJE 5SBOTWFSTF"SDIԣΞʔν

  43. ԣΞʔνͱॎΞʔνͷؔ܎ ԣ ॎ ԣ͕ฏΒͳ৔߹ɺ ॎ͸؆୯ʹۂ͕Δ ԣʹΞʔνߏ଄ Λ࡞Δ ԣํ޲ͷۂ཰͕େ ͖͍΄Ͳɺॎํ޲ ͷ߶ੑ͕ߴ͘ͳΔ

    ॎํ޲ͷ߶ੑ61 M Venkadesan. Stiffness of the human foot and evolution of the transverse arch. Nature2020;579:97-100

  44. ԣΞʔνͱॎΞʔνͷؔ܎ ՙॏ த଍ࠎؒ૊৫Λ੾அ͢Δͱ ՙॏʹର͢Δॎํ޲ͷมҐ͕େ͖͘ͳΔ ଍෦ͷ߶ੑ —ˋEPXO M Venkadesan. Stiffness of

    the human foot and evolution of the transverse arch. Nature2020;579:97-100

  45. )JHIBSDI -PXBSDI ڑࠎԼؔઅ ԣ଍ࠜؔઅࣼ࣠ ԣ଍ࠜؔઅॎ࣠ ୈҰྻ ճ֎ ճ಺ ఈ۶಺స എ۶֎స

    ֎ฦ͠ ಺ฦ͠ ఈ۶ എ۶

  46. .VTDMF

  47. ֎ࡏےɹ&YUSJOTJD'PPU.VTDMF (MPCBM.PWFST 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS 'MFYPSIBMMVDJTMPOHVT 'MFYPSEJHJUPSVNMPOHVT 1FSPOFVTMPOHVT ॎํ޲ͷ҆ఆ ԣํ޲ͷ҆ఆ 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS

  48. ֎ࡏےɹ5SBOTWFSTFTFDUJPOPGMPXFSMFH "OUFSJPS DPNQBSUNFOU લᡧࠎے ௕฼᪇৳ے ௕᪇৳ے -BUFSBM DPNQBSUNFOU ௕ᡯࠎے ୹ᡯࠎے

    %FFQQPTUFSJPS DPNQBSUNFOU ޙᡧࠎے ௕฼᪇۶ے ௕᪇۶ے 4VQFS fi DJBM QPTUFSJPS DPNQBSUNFOU ώϥϝے ᡯෲے 5JC 'JC

  49. ֎ࡏےɹੜཧֶతஅ໘ੵʢ1$4"ʣ .VTDMF 1$4" ὔ .VTDMF 1$4" ὔ ᡯෲےɹ֎ଆ಄  લᡧࠎے

     ᡯෲےɹ಺ଆ಄  ௕฼᪇৳ے  ώϥϝےɹ಺ଆ  ௕᪇৳ے  ώϥϝےɹ֎ଆ  ௕ᡯࠎے  ޙᡧࠎےɹ಺ଆ  ୹ᡯࠎے  ޙᡧࠎےɹ֎ଆ  ௕฼᪇۶ے  ௕᪇۶ے  PCSA ACSA ےઢҡ௕ ୹͍ ʻ PCSA ACSA ےઢҡ௕ ௕͍ ʹ ղ๤ֶతஅ໘ੵ "$4" ɹ ےͷ௕࣠ʹਨ௚ͳ໘Ͱԣஅͨ͠໘ੵ ੜཧֶతஅ໘ੵ 1$4" ɹ ےઢҡʹਨ௚ʹԣஅͨ͠அ໘ੵ ੜཧֶతஅ໘ੵ 1$4" ͸ےྗʹൺྫ

  50. ֎ࡏےɹϞʔϝϯτΞʔϜ ଍ؔઅ࣠ ڑࠎԼؔઅ࣠ લᡧࠎے 32.0 5.8 ޙᡧࠎے 8.0 19.2 ௕฼᪇۶ے

    26.6 52.8 7.8 ԼḰࡾ಄ے 5.3 ௕ᡯࠎے 12.8 9.9 ୹ᡯࠎے 21.8 20.5 (mm) ޙᡧࠎے ώϥϝے CR

  51. ڑࠎͷಛ௃ ڑࠎ͸ےͷ෇ண͕ͳ͍ࠎͰ͋ Δ͕ɺଟ͘ͷ伳͕पғΛऔΓ ғΜͰ͍Δɻ ͦͷͨΊɺؒ઀తʹےɾ伳ͷ ߗ͞΍׈૸ো֐ͷӨڹΛड͚ ΍͍͢ɻ -BUFSBM$PNQBSUNFOU "OUFSJPS$PNQBSUNFOU %FFQ1PTUFSJPS$PNQBSUNFOU

    4VQFS fi DJBM1PTUFSJPS$PNQBSUNFOU

  52. ޙᡧࠎےͱ௕฼᪇۶ےͷڞಉ࡞༻ ޙᡧࠎےɺ௕฼᪇۶ے͕ᡧࠎɺᡯࠎΛࠨӈ ͔ΒҾ͖دͤΔ͜ͱͰ଍ؔઅఈ۶࣌ʹՌؒ ڑ཭Λ҆ఆͤ͞ΔϝΧχζϜɻ എ۶࣌ʹൺ΂ɺఈ۶࣌͸଍ؔઅ͕ෆ҆ఆʹ ͳΓ΍͘͢ɺ͜ͷ̎ͭͷے͕ఈ۶࣌ͷ҆ఆ Խʹಇ͍͍ͯΔɻ 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS 'MFYPSIBMMVDJTMPOHVT

  53. ԼḰަࠩͱ଍ఈަࠩ $SVSBMDIJBTN 1MBOUBSDIJBTN 5JCJBMQPTUFSJPS 'MFYPSEJHJUPSVNMPOHVT 'MFYPSIBMMVDJTMPOHVT 'MFYPSEJHJUPSVNMPOHVT ԼḰަࠩ͸ɺޙᡧࠎےͱ௕᪇۶ے ͕ަࠩ͢ΔϙΠϯτɻ ଍ఈަࠩ͸ɺ௕᪇۶ےͱ௕฼᪇۶ے

    ͕ަࠩ͢ΔϙΠϯτɻ

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  55. 1FSPOFVT CSFWJT 1FSPOFVTUFSUJVT &YUFOTPSEJHJUPSVNMPOHVT ᡯࠎےͷݸମࠩ ୹ᡯࠎےͷҰ෦͕ୈྻ·Ͱ৳ͼΔɻ ୈ̏ᡯࠎےͷ伳Λ؏௨͠ୈجઅࠎɺ ୈ᪇৳ے伳ɾ伳ບʹ෇ண͢Δɻ ใࠂʹΑͬͯ͹Β͖͕ͭ͋Δ͕ɺ ʙˋʹ͜ͷΑ͏ͳୈ̑᪇৳ے伳

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  59. ଍ఈ伳ບͷ֎ଆ੒෼ ˋʹଘࡏ͠ɺΑ͘ൃୡ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷɺബ͍΋ͷɺෆ׬શͳ΋ͷɺԕҐ෦͕ͳ͍΋ͷͷ̐λΠϓ 4BSSB fi BOTBOBUPNZPGUIFGPPUBOEBOLMF8PMUFST,MVXFS)FBMUI-JQQJODPUU8JMMJBNT8JMLJOT 

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  62. ಺ࡏےɹੜཧֶతஅ໘ੵʢ1$4"ʣ )JEFKJ,FUBM2VBOUJUBUJWFBOBMZTJTPGUIFJOUSJOTJDNVTDMFTPGUIFGPPU5IFBOBUPNJDBMSFDPSEɿ .VTDMF 1$4" ὔ .VTDMF 1$4" ὔ .VTDMF 1$4"

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  65. ଍᪇ͷےͷ࡞༻ ௕᪇৳ے .1KPJOUFYUFOTJPO 1*1KPJOU fl FYJPO %*1KPJOU fl FYJPO ௕᪇۶ے

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  66. ஬༷ےͱࠎؒےͷ࡞༻ ࠎؒے ஬༷ے 伳૚൘Λհͯ͠৳ے伳ͷ ଆࡧʹ෇ண͢Δ .1KPJOU fl FYJPO 1*1KPJOUFYUFOTJPO %*1KPJOUFYUFOTJPO

  67. ଍᪇ͷ҆ఆԽ .1KPJOUFYUFOTJPO 1*1KPJOU fl FYJPO %*1KPJOU fl FYJPO .1KPJOU fl

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