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Rust - Ownership & Borrowing
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Arnaud
November 21, 2018
Programming
2
53
Rust - Ownership & Borrowing
Introduction to Rust ownership and borrowing concepts.
Arnaud
November 21, 2018
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Transcript
Rust Rust Onwership & Onwership & Borrowing Borrowing
Stack vs Heap Stack vs Heap Stack Stack fast automatically
desaclocated at scope end limited size pointers and primitives storage
Heap Heap slower manage memory allocation
Control vs Security Control vs Security Control : optimisation Security
: avoid memory allocation problems / memory leaks
Examples Examples allocating memory and never free it dangling pointers
keep a reference to freed memory have a reference to a moved variable (realloc) other problems...
Examples in C++ Examples in C++
Examples in C++ Examples in C++
Examples in C++ Examples in C++
Rust Rust manage desallocation at compile time avoid alias &
mutability at same time
Rust Rust Ownership Ownership
What happens when What happens when variable is copied variable
is copied primitives : stack copy others : "move" String example copy stack representation : pointer, length, capacity disable rst variable -> 'value used here after move'
Take Ownership Take Ownership copy variable into another variable pass
variable to function return variable from function
Keep Ownership after Keep Ownership after function call function call
send inputs as outputs
Clone Clone deep copy : stack + heap never done
automaticaly by rust done automaticaly by rust for Stack only data (@see Copy trait) : integers, boolean, oat, character, tuple of these types
Borrowing Borrowing Borrow a variable Keep ownership
: Reference : Reference
Borrowing : 2 ways Borrowing : 2 ways fn(val: &String)
no mutability any borrow as you want fn(val: &mut String) mutable other constraints
Mutable Reference Mutable Reference cannot make a mutable reference if
an immutable reference has been done
Mutable Reference Mutable Reference cannot make multiple mutables references avoid
data race
String case String case String : stored in the heap
&String : reference to a String &str : slice from a String &'static str : slice : stored in program
String case : &str String case : &str
world name value ptr len 5 index value 0 h
1 e 2 l 3 l 4 o 5 6 w 7 o 8 r 9 l 10 d s name value ptr len 11 capacity 11
String case String case as function parameter ? If we
don't need ownership -> &str fn example(value : &str) { println!(value); }
String case String case as function parameter ? If we
need owership -> String fn example($self, value : String) { self.value = value; }
String case String case &str : if the variable must
be used outside my struct/fn &str : if the variable should be large : avoid deep copy
Useful traits Useful traits Box : store data on the
heap Deref : &String -> &str Rc : data owned by multiple variable Mutex Into Cow
References References 2014 : Memory Safety in Rust : Intro
: String vs &str : https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=WQbg6ZMQJvQ http://intorust.com/ https://hermanradtke.com/2015/05/03/string-vs- str-in-rust-functions.html