Presented at O'Reilly Velocity Conference 2015 (Santa Clara, New York)
Twenty Thousands Leaguesinside the Optical Fiber
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TELL ME … DO YOU EVEN?
RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers
Semaphore Fire beacons Smoke signals
HeliographTransmitterReceiver
Photophone
Only straight line Lossy medium
LASER = Amazing
Monochromatic Coherent
Fiber Optic
Jacket: 400 µmBuffer: 250 µmCladding: 125 µmCore: 8 µm
Total Internal ReflectionCladding n = 1.44681Core n = 1.45205Attenuation (at 1550 nm) ~ 0.2 dB/km1% remaining power after 62 miles
3.2 Tb/s2 routes (north, south)4 fiber pairs40 channels of 10 Gb/s eachhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_TAT-14.png by Alexrk2 CC-BY-SA-3.0
In One Second3.2 Tb/s8 Blueray discs
ModulationsFrequency-shift Keying (FSK)Amplitude-shift Keying (ASK)Phase-shift Keying (PSK)
Wavelength-Division MultiplexingMUXSingle fiberDEMUX100 GHz channel spacing ~ 1550 nm40 channels
Optical ImpairmentsChromatic DispersionPolarization Mode DispersionCross Phase ModulationFour-Wave MixingPolarization Dependent Loss
10 Gb/s100 Gb/s200 Gb/s31 Tb/s over 7,200 km155 channels × 200 Gb/sTAT-14: 0.4 Tb/s over 9,600 km40 channels × 10 Gb/s7.2 Tb/s over 6,500 km80 channels × 100 Gb/sNew fiber type255 Tb/s over 1 km50 channels × 5.1 Tb/s
“If I have seen furtherit is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”Isaac Newton