What's New in Rails 5?

Transcript

1. What's new in Rails 5?
   Karol Galanciak
   Full Stack Developer at
   Twitter: @Azdaroth
   Github: Azdaroth
   https://karolgalanciak.com
   

   View Slide

2. ActionCable
   

   View Slide

3. ActionCable
   • Integration of WebSockets with the rest of your
   application
   

   View Slide

4. ActionCable
   • Integration of WebSockets with the rest of your
   application
   • Both client-side and server-side tools
   

   View Slide

5. ActionCable - server-side
   

   View Slide

6. ActionCable - server-side
   • Connections - connection between consumer and
   the sever
   

   View Slide

7. ActionCable - server-side
   • Connections - connection between consumer and
   the sever
   • Authentication / authorization goes here
   

   View Slide

8. ActionCable - connections
   module ApplicationCable
   class Connection < ActionCable::Connection::Base
   identified_by :current_user
   def connect
   self.current_user = find_user!
   end
   private
   def find_user!
   User.find_by(id: cookies.signed[:user_id]) or raise UnauthorizedConnectionError
   end
   end
   end
   

   View Slide

9. ActionCable - server-side
   • Channels - endpoints where the actual logic
   happens (~ controllers)
   

   View Slide

10. ActionCable - channels
    class ChatChannel < ActionCable::Channel::Base
    def subscribed
    stream_from "chat_#{params[:room]}"
    end
    def receive(payload)
    ActionCable.server.broadcast("chat_#{params[:room]}", payload)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

11. ActionCable - client-side
    

    View Slide

12. ActionCable - client-side
    //= require action_cable
    this.App || (this.App = {});
    App.cable = ActionCable.createConsumer();
    App.chatChannel = App.cable.subscriptions.create({
    channel: "ChatChannel",
    room: "Rails Core"
    }, {
    received: function(data) {
    $(".chat").append("" + data["sent_by"] + ": " + data["body"] + "")
    }
    });
    App.chatChannel.send({
    sent_by: "DHH",
    body: "OMG, it works!"
    });
    

    View Slide

13. Rails API
    

    View Slide

14. Rails API
    • rails new rails_5_app --api
    

    View Slide

15. Rails API
    • rails new rails_5_app —api
    • ApplicationController inherits from
    ActionController::API
    • Modifies the generators (no views, helpers and
    assets)
    

    View Slide

16. Attributes API
    

    View Slide

17. Attributes API
    class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
    attribute :price_in_cents, :money
    attribute :description, :string, default: "Default description"
    attribute :ordered_at, :datetime, default: -> { Time.current }
    attribute :tags_not_backed_by_db, :string, array: true
    end
    class MoneyType < ActiveRecord::Type::Integer
    def deserialize(value)
    if value.to_s.include?("$")
    price_in_dollars = value.gsub(/\$/, "").to_d
    super(price_in_dollars * 100)
    else
    super
    end
    end
    end
    ActiveRecord::Type.register(:money, MoneyType)
    

    View Slide

18. Attributes API
    class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
    attribute :price_in_cents, :money
    attribute :description, :string, default: "Default description"
    attribute :ordered_at, :datetime, default: -> { Time.current }
    attribute :tags_not_backed_by_db, :string, array: true
    end
    order = Order.new
    order.price_in_cents = "$10.0"
    order.price_in_cents
    => 1000
    order.description
    => "Default description"
    order.ordered_at
    => "2016-01-01 12:00:00 +0200"
    order.tags_not_backed_by_db = ["WhateverItTakes", "5%", "Rich Piana"]
    order.tags_not_backed_by_db
    => ["WhateverItTakes", "5%", "Rich Piana"]
    

    View Slide

19. Attributes API
    • custom types (requires #deserialize method for
    assigning values and #serialize when querying
    database)
    

    View Slide

20. Attributes API
    • custom types (requires #deserialize method for
    assigning values and #serialize when querying
    database)
    • attributes don’t need to be backed by database
    

    View Slide

21. Attributes API
    • custom types (requires #deserialize method for
    assigning values and #serialize when querying
    database)
    • attributes don’t need to be backed by database
    • supports dirty tracking
    

    View Slide

22. Class / module variables per
    thread
    • cattr_accessor / mattr_accessor - but per thread -
    thread_cattr_accessor / thread_mattr_accessor
    

    View Slide

23. Class / module variables per
    thread
    module OmgGlobal
    thread_mattr_accessor :current_user
    end
    class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
    # Please, don't do it in real code!
    before_action :set_current_user_globally
    def set_current_user_globally
    OmgGlobal.current_user = current_user
    end
    end
    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
    after_save :create_version
    private
    def create_version
    Version.create(model: self.class.to_s, attributes: attributes, who_did_it:
    OmgGlobal.current_user.id)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

24. Assets silenced by default in
    development
    

    View Slide

25. Assets silenced by default in
    development
    • quite_assets gem
    

    View Slide

26. Assets silenced by default in
    development
    • quite_assets gem
    • No more garbage in logs
    

    View Slide

27. Assets silenced by default in
    development
    • quite_assets gem
    • No more garbage in logs
    Started GET "/assets/public/home.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2016-09-27 19:31:46 +0200
    Started GET "/assets/bootstrap/collapse.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2016-09-27 19:32:04
    +0200
    Started GET "/assets/font-awesome/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.5.0" for 127.0.0.1 at
    2016-09-27 19:32:04 +0200
    Started GET "/assets/public/locales.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2016-09-27 19:32:04 +0200
    

    View Slide

28. ApplicationRecord
    

    View Slide

29. ApplicationRecord
    • New base class for models
    

    View Slide

30. ApplicationRecord
    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
    include SoftDelete
    self.abstract_class = true
    has_paper_trail
    end
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    end
    

    View Slide

31. Rendering outside controllers
    

    View Slide

32. Rendering outside controllers
    OrdersController.render(:show, assigns: { order: Order.find(order_id) })
    

    View Slide

33. Rendering outside controllers
    OrdersController.render(:show, assigns: { order: Order.find(order_id) })
    OrdersController.render(:_order, assigns: { order: Order.find(order_id) })
    

    View Slide

34. Rake / Rails commands
    

    View Slide

35. Rake / Rails commands
    • All rails commands can be executed with rake and
    all rake commands can be executed with rails
    

    View Slide

36. Rake / Rails commands
    rails db:migrate
    rake routes | grep some_route -> rails routes -g some_route
    

    View Slide

37. Caching collections
    

    View Slide

38. Caching collections
    • ActiveRecord::Collection#cache_key
    

    View Slide

39. Caching collections
    posts.cache_key
    => "posts/query-c60f5cf40b4d0d6f492ea6961c43ceb6-100-20160927121435182129"
    

    View Slide

40. Caching collections
    <% cache(@posts) do %>
    <% @posts.each do |post| %>
    <%= render post %>
    <% end %>
    <% end %>
    

    View Slide

41. ActiveRecord no longer halts execution
    of the callbacks when returning false
    

    View Slide

42. ActiveRecord no longer halts execution
    of the callbacks when returning false
    class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
    before_save :set_availability_status
    def set_availability_status
    self.available = somehow_compute_availability_status_which_returns_false
    end
    end
    product.save!
    => ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved: ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved
    

    View Slide

43. ActiveRecord no longer halts execution
    of the callbacks when returning false
    class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
    before_save :set_availability_status
    def set_availability_status
    self.available = somehow_compute_availability_status_which_returns_false
    throw(:abort)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

44. ActiveRecord no longer halts execution
    of the callbacks when returning false
    • configurable with
    ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false
    

    View Slide

45. Belongs-to association
    required by default
    

    View Slide

46. Belongs-to association
    required by default
    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author
    end
    

    View Slide

47. Belongs-to association
    required by default
    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author, optional: true
    end
    

    View Slide

48. Belongs-to association
    required by default
    • Configurable with
    Rails.application.config.active_record.belongs_to_r
    equired_by_default
    

    View Slide

49. redirect_back method
    

    View Slide

50. redirect_back method
    class UsersController < ApplicationController
    def update
    user = find_user
    user.update(params[:user])
    redirect_to :back
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

51. redirect_back method
    class UsersController < ApplicationController
    def update
    user = find_user
    user.update(params[:user])
    redirect_back(fallback_location: root_path)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

52. ActiveRecord::Base.Suppress
    

    View Slide

53. ActiveRecord::Base.Suppress
    

    View Slide

54. ActiveRecord::Base.Suppress
    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author
    has_many :notifications
    after_save :send_notification
    def publish!
    update!(published_at: Time.current)
    end
    private
    def send_notification
    notifications.create(message: content, author: author)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

55. ActiveRecord::Base.Suppress
    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author
    has_many :notifications
    after_save :send_notification
    def publish!
    update!(published_at: Time.current)
    end
    def publish_without_notification!
    Notification.suppress do
    publish!
    end
    end
    private
    def send_notification
    notifications.create(message: content, author: author)
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

56. Left Outer Join Support
    

    View Slide

57. Left Outer Join Support
    User.left_outer_joins(:posts, :comments, :notifications)
    User.left_joins(:posts, :comments, :notifications)
    

    View Slide

58. Config for UUIDs as primary keys
    

    View Slide

59. Config for UUIDs as primary keys
    create_table :orders, id: :uuid do |t|
    end
    

    View Slide

60. Config for UUIDs as primary keys
    • Configurable with:
    config.active_record.primary_key = :uuid
    

    View Slide

61. Queue adapter configurable
    per job
    

    View Slide

62. Queue adapter configurable
    per job
    config.active_job.queue_adapter = :delayed_job
    

    View Slide

63. Queue adapter configurable
    per job
    class DoSomethingExpensiveInBackgroundJob < ActiveJob::Base
    self.queue_adapter = :sidekiq
    end
    

    View Slide

64. ApplicationJob base class
    

    View Slide

65. ApplicationJob base class
    class ApplicationJob < ActiveJob::Base
    end
    

    View Slide

66. Validation of multiple contexts
    

    View Slide

67. Validation of multiple contexts
    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
    validate :validate_confirmation_info, on: :confirmation
    validate :validate_updatable, on: :update
    end
    

    View Slide

68. Validation of multiple contexts
    • Before:
    user.valid?(:confirmation) && user.valid?(:update)
    

    View Slide

69. Validation of multiple contexts
    • Now:
    user.valid?([:confirmation, :update])
    

    View Slide

70. Additional details for
    validations
    

    View Slide

71. Additional details for
    validations
    comment = Comment.new
    comment.valid? => false
    comment.errors.messages => {content: ["can’t be blank"]}
    comment.errors.details => {content:=>[{error: :blank}]}
    comment.errors.add(:content, :too_short, "Content is too short")
    comment.errors.details => {content: [{error: :blank}, {error: :too_short}]}
    

    View Slide

72. Saving records without
    timestamp update
    

    View Slide

73. Saving records without
    timestamp update
    user = User.first
    user.save(touch: false)
    

    View Slide

74. Bidirectional destroy
    

    View Slide

75. Bidirectional destroy
    • Doesn’t cause SystemStackError
    

    View Slide

76. Bidirectional destroy
    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_one :billing_address, dependent: :destroy
    end
    class BillingAddress < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :account, dependent: :destroy
    end
    

    View Slide

77. ActiveModel::AttributesAssi
    gnment
    

    View Slide

78. ActiveModel::AttributesAssi
    gnment
    class UserForm
    include ActiveModel::AttributeAssignment
    attr_accessor :email, :password, :password_confirmation
    end
    form = UserForm.new
    form.assign_attributes(email: "email@example.com")
    

    View Slide

79. ActionController::Parameters is
    not a HashWithIndifferentAccess
    

    View Slide

80. ActionController::Parameters is
    not a HashWithIndifferentAccess
    • Gotcha:
    def to_h
    if permitted?
    @parameters.to_h
    else
    slice(*self.class.always_permitted_parameters).permit!.to_h
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

81. ActionController::Parameters is
    not a HashWithIndifferentAccess
    • Gotcha:
    def to_h
    if permitted?
    @parameters.to_h
    else
    slice(*self.class.always_permitted_parameters).permit!.to_h
    end
    end
    def user_params
    params.permit!.to_h
    end
    def user_params
    params.to_unsafe_h
    end
    

    View Slide

82. Comments in migrations
    

    View Slide

83. Comments in migrations
    class CreateOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
    def change
    create_table :orders, comment: "Orders table" do |t|
    t.string :description, comment: "Description of the order"
    t.integer :owner_id, comment: "Owner of the order"
    t.timestamps
    end
    add_index :orders, :owner_id, name: "index_name", comment: "Index for owner_id"
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

84. Comments in migrations
    ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20160928091043) do
    create_table "orders", force: :cascade, comment: "Orders table" do |t|
    t.string "description", comment: "Description of the order"
    t.integer "owner_id", comment: "Owner of the order"
    t.index ["owner_id"], name: "index_name",using: :btree, comment: "Index for owner_id"
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

85. Updating collection with
    callbacks and validations
    

    View Slide

86. Updating collection with
    callbacks and validations
    • ActiveRecord::Relation.update_all doesn’t trigger
    validations and callbacks
    

    View Slide

87. Updating collection with
    callbacks and validations
    • ActiveRecord::Relation.update_all doesn’t trigger
    validations and callbacks
    • But new ActiveRecord::Relation.update does ;)
    

    View Slide

88. Updating collection with
    callbacks and validations
    • ActiveRecord::Relation.update_all doesn’t trigger
    validations and callbacks
    • But new ActiveRecord::Relation.update does ;)
    Comment.limit(10).update(content: "")
    

    View Slide

89. Expression indexes
    

    View Slide

90. Expression indexes
    Author.where("lower(fullname) = ?", fullname.to_s.downcase)
    

    View Slide

91. Expression indexes
    add_index :authors, "lower(fullname)"
    

    View Slide

92. Indexed errors for nested
    attributes
    

    View Slide

93. Indexed errors for nested
    attributes
    class Invoice < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :items
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :items
    end
    class Item < ApplicationRecord
    validates :description, presence: true
    end
    > invoice = Invoice.new
    > item_1 = Item.new(description: "$$$$")
    > item_2 = Item.new
    > invoice.items = [item_1, item_2]
    > invoice.save
    > invoice.error.messages
    => {:"items.description"=>["can't be blank"]}
    

    View Slide

94. Indexed errors for nested
    attributes
    class Invoice < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :items, index_errors: true
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :items
    end
    class Item < ApplicationRecord
    validates :description, presence: true
    end
    >> invoice = Invoice.new
    >> item_1 = Item.new(description: "$$$$")
    >> item_2 = Item.new
    >> invoice.items = [item_1, item_2]
    >> invoice.save
    >> invoice.error.messages
    => {:"items[1].description"=>["can’t be blank"]}
    

    View Slide

95. Indexed errors for nested
    attributes
    • Configurable with
    config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors
    

    View Slide

96. No more ambiguous
    columns errors
    

    View Slide

97. No more ambiguous
    columns errors
    class Post < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author
    has_many :comments
    end
    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :author
    belongs_to :post
    end
    Post.joins(:comments).group(:author_id).count
    

    View Slide

98. New option for
    find_in_batches: finish
    

    View Slide

99. New option for
    find_in_batches: finish
    Comment.find_in_batches(start: 1001, finish: 10000, batch_size: 1000) do |group|
    group.each { |comment| do_some_stuff_with_comment(comment) }
    end
    

    View Slide

100. OR support in queries
     

     View Slide

101. OR support in queries
     

     View Slide

102. OR support in queries
     Article.where(author_name: "DHH").or(Article.where(category_name: "Basecamp"))
     

     View Slide

103. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     

     View Slide

104. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     • Problem: validates_acceptance_of accepts only "1"
     as truthy value
     

     View Slide

105. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     • Problem: validates_acceptance_of accepts only "1"
     as truthy value
     • Now it supports both "1" and true
     

     View Slide

106. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     

     View Slide

107. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     • Bonus: configurable values
     

     View Slide

108. Acceptance validations
     works properly ;)
     • Bonus: configurable values
     class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
     validates_acceptance_of :agreement, accept: [true, "y", "yes", "1", 1, "Rails"]
     end
     

     View Slide

109. fields_for accepts lambdas
     for child_index
     

     View Slide

110. fields_for accepts lambdas
     for child_index
     • My first Rails contribution ;)
     

     View Slide

111. fields_for accepts lambdas
     for child_index
     • My first Rails contribution ;)
     <%= f.simple_fields_for :items, item, child_index: -> { Time.current.to_i } do |builder|
     %>
     <% end %>
     

     View Slide

112. fields_for accepts lambdas
     for child_index
     • My first Rails contribution ;)
     <%= f.simple_fields_for :items, item, child_index: -> { Time.current.to_i } do |builder|
     %>
     <% end %>
     ''
     

     View Slide