program = $stdin.read puts "@stack = []" split_prog = program.split Friday, October 5, 12 Since we’re outputting to STDOUT I can just use “puts” to output compiled code.
program = $stdin.read puts "@stack = []" split_prog = program.split I initialize the stack Friday, October 5, 12 Since we’re outputting to STDOUT I can just use “puts” to output compiled code.
the stack Push me too Pop two stack entries, add them, push result Friday, October 5, 12 These are “tokens” if you will. Each one is atomic: “3”, “add”, and “printi” can’t be split further.
the stack Push me too Pop two stack entries, add them, push result Pop entry, print it Friday, October 5, 12 These are “tokens” if you will. Each one is atomic: “3”, “add”, and “printi” can’t be split further.
thing when /^\d+$/ puts "@stack.push #{thing.to_i}" when 'add' puts "@stack.push(@stack.pop + @stack.pop)" when 'printi' puts "puts @stack.pop" end end Friday, October 5, 12
= program.split split_prog.each do |thing| case thing when /^\d+$/ puts "@stack.push #{thing.to_i}" when 'add' puts "@stack.push(@stack.pop + @stack.pop)" when 'printi' puts "puts @stack.pop" end end Friday, October 5, 12
loop() -> receive hello -> io:format("Hello, World!~n"), loop(); goodbye -> ok end. Friday, October 5, 12 Sometimes what’s easy in one language is difficult in another. How would I express this in a stack-based language? Ruby?
They think, "By doing this, the machine will run faster. By doing this, the machine will run more effectively. By doing this, the machine will something something something." They are focusing on machines. But in fact we need to focus on humans, on how humans care about doing programming or operating the application of the machines. Yukihiro Matsumoto, The Philosophy of Ruby, Sept. 29 2003 Friday, October 5, 12 Fundamentally, language design is about making the core concepts of your language usable for humans. Ruby does this with object-oriented design very well. Erlang does this with reliable concurrency very well. Cambridge doesn’t do this very well. Crapshoot does this with simple math, which is a shockingly low bar.
containers. Friday, October 5, 12 or ruby equivalents of them They do lots of complicated optimizations that I don’t, and don’t use a language as powerful as Ruby.
Analyze with Ruby Syntax Tree Fold Constants with Ruby Language B Generate Code with Ruby Optimization Friday, October 5, 12 The easy thing to do would be to just add another pass for it.
} Friday, October 5, 12 For what it’s worth, my 30 second perusal of “man gcc” and compiling sans optimizations doesn’t even show a way to disable constant folding in this case.
} movl $8, %eax xorb %cl, %cl leaq L_.str(%rip), %rdx movq %rdx, %rdi movl %eax, %esi movb %cl, %al callq _printf Friday, October 5, 12 For what it’s worth, my 30 second perusal of “man gcc” and compiling sans optimizations doesn’t even show a way to disable constant folding in this case.
} movl $8, %eax xorb %cl, %cl leaq L_.str(%rip), %rdx movq %rdx, %rdi movl %eax, %esi movb %cl, %al callq _printf Friday, October 5, 12 For what it’s worth, my 30 second perusal of “man gcc” and compiling sans optimizations doesn’t even show a way to disable constant folding in this case.
of passes, many of them are optimizations. Compiling to a high-level language that has an optimizing compiler is easy and you can get optimizations for free. Mirah does this.
compiler does dozens of passes, many of them are optimizations. Compiling to a high-level language that has an optimizing compiler is easy and you can get optimizations for free. Mirah does this.
October 5, 12 The C# compiler does dozens of passes, many of them are optimizations. Compiling to a high-level language that has an optimizing compiler is easy and you can get optimizations for free. Mirah does this.
are fast. Friday, October 5, 12 The C# compiler does dozens of passes, many of them are optimizations. Compiling to a high-level language that has an optimizing compiler is easy and you can get optimizations for free. Mirah does this.
are fast. Compiling to high-level is okay. Friday, October 5, 12 The C# compiler does dozens of passes, many of them are optimizations. Compiling to a high-level language that has an optimizing compiler is easy and you can get optimizations for free. Mirah does this.
parts. Parsing, optimization, language design: college courses, PhD theses, or experience. But before I talked about those, I showed off five minutes’ work. It’s not a cliff-face, it’s a gentle learning curve. With the right mentality, you can jump in and do something quick and dirty.
parts. Parsing, optimization, language design: college courses, PhD theses, or experience. But before I talked about those, I showed off five minutes’ work. It’s not a cliff-face, it’s a gentle learning curve. With the right mentality, you can jump in and do something quick and dirty.
October 5, 12 Mirah is a JVM language closely related to Ruby. It’s compiled by Ruby, into Java, which is then compiled into JVM bytecode by javac (which is itself mostly implemented in Java), which is usually compiled into machine code during execution. Incidentally, while JRuby performs pretty badly on Android, Mirah performs identically to Java, because it’s Java.
inexplicably huge, despite all your best efforts to make them modular and object-oriented? Of course you have. What's the solution? You either learn compilers and start writing your own DSLs, or your get yourself a better language. Steve Yegge, “Rich Programmer Food”, June 21 2007 Friday, October 5, 12 Knowing compilers can help you write better, more succinct code. Even if it’s an internal Ruby DSL where you get parsing for free, the language design is in mapping DSL statements to your codebase.
are hard, and writing compilers will make you better at writing software. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to
and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win… John F. Kennedy, Speech at Rice University, Sept. 12 1962 Friday, October 5, 12 Learning compilers is worthwhile because they are hard, and writing compilers will make you better at writing software. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to
+ 200"' do setup do @expression = "4d6 + 200" end should 'have a result over 200' do assert Crapshooot.roll(@expression) > 200 end end end Friday, October 5, 12 This is the first integration test for “Crapshoot,” my dice rolling & arithmetic language.
/ binary_expression end rule binary_expression unary_expression (ows arith ows unary_expression)+ end rule unary_expression series / constant end rule series number 'd' number end rule number [\d]+ end rule drop 'v' / '^' end rule constant number end rule arith '+' / '-‐' / '*' / '/' end rule ows # optional whitespace [\s]* end end Friday, October 5, 12 This is the first pass, in treetop
200', '>='=>200 end Achievement Unlocked TDD in the Compiler Talk Friday, October 5, 12 And this is the original integration test, slightly refactored and more stringent.
Steve Yegge, “Rich Programmer Food” http://steve- yegge.blogspot.com/2007/06/rich-programmer-food.html John F. Kennedy, Speech at Rice University http:// www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK- Speeches/Address-at-Rice-University-on-the-Nations-Space- Effort-September-12-1962.aspx Friday, October 5, 12
bryce
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bkeepers
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