Automating the Web - An Intro to Selenium

Automation is a valuable tool that can assist with testing activities. It cannot learn and evaluate the state of software, but it can gather data and reduce effort on repetitive or time intensive tasks.

In this workshop, participants will learn how to create automation for navigating the web. We will cover:
* Setting up your environment with Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium WebDriver
* Using basic WebDriver commands
* Applying WebDriver Selectors
* Exposing web pages via modern browser dev tools
* Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts
* Implementing the Page Object pattern

Sample code available at: https://github.com/jclarkin/intro2selenium

Transcript

1. Intro To Selenium by Jonathan Clarkin Twitter @_jrwc http://about.me/jclarkin
2. THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATION HAS BEEN RATED TESTERS STRONGLY CAUTIONED PG-13 SOME MATERIAL MAY BE INAPPROPRIATE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 13 CODING SKILLS WEB AUTOMATION LEARNING & GROWTH Twitter @_jrwc http://about.me/jclarkin
3. Introductions
4. - Name - Current Job Role - Previous Job Experience - Experience with Test Automation - Favorite TV Show Introductions Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
5. - Software Engineer - Team Leader - Visual Designer - Mobile Developer - Software Architect Introductions: Me Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA - Test Engineer - Automation Tools Researcher - …
6. Introductions: Me Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
7. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more ! Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
8. - Objectives at the beginning - Ask Questions - Ask for Help - Answer Questions - Slides will be available after the workshop Workshop Fundamentals Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
9. - Coding Experience Level: Beginner - Automation Experience Level: Beginner - It’s OK to leave (and come back) Minimize disruptions Setting Expectations Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
10. Overview
11. Why Automate? Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
12. To facilitate testing by ... - detecting changes in a product (via checks) - reducing effort on repetitive activities - eliminating human error setting up data - minimizing time intensive tasks Why Automate? Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
13. It only does what we tell it to do Automation Is not Smart Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
14. Automation Is not Smart Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
15. Why Automate? Testers Need To Code? Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
16. Nope But it is another useful skill in our tool-belts :) Why Automate? Testers Need To Code? Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
17. Why Automate? Areas of Testing Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA (credit: Brian Marick, Lisa Crispin)
18. Why Automate? Front-End Automation is Costly Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
19. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Testers Need To Code? Objectives Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
20. A fancy application, like Notepad/TextEdit… but Designed to make coding in Java easier (thank you content assist) What is Eclipse Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
21. A Java framework designed for creating and reporting on checks - Test runner to execute checks - Collection of assertion rules - Results formatter What is JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
22. An automation framework for interacting with browsers and the web - Created in 2004 by ThoughtWorks - Open Source and Popular - Cross browser and cross platform What is Selenium WebDriver Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
23. Setup
24. - Firefox - Chrome - Safari - Internet Explorer 10+ Modern Browser Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
25. We’ll be using Java 7 Download URL: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html Java
26. We’ll be using Java 7 Download URL: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html Beware... “Ask Toolbar” Java Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
27. From your console | terminal | shell run: java -version TEST IT
28. Download and install Eclipse Standard 4.4 Download URL: https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-standard-44/lunar Eclipse Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
29. Try to launch Eclipse TEST IT
30. Get a copy of Selenium WebDriver for Java (Zip contains JUnit) Download URL: http://docs.seleniumhq.org/download/ Selenium & JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
31. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
32. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
33. 1. Unzip Selenium Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
34. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
35. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
36. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
37. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
38. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
39. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
40. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
41. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
42. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
43. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
44. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
45. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Add all Selenium Jars • The two JARs in the root folder • All in the JARs in the /libs/ subfolder Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
46. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
47. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
48. 1. Unzip Selenium 2. Launch Eclipse 3. Create a new Project 4. Add External JARs Done! Setup Eclipse + Selenium + JUnit Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
49. TEST IT
50. Drag into your project (copy) BasicScenarioTest.java Ensure it is in the /src/ folder TEST IT
51. Right-Click on the file and select Run As > JUnit Test (detailed explanation on running tests will be covered later) TEST IT
52. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
53. Java & JUnit
54. Sample Test Case Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
55. Classes
56. A class is a block of code used to encapsulate a bunch of: - Variables - Structures - Methods Classes Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
57. Classes: Create New Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
58. Classes Example Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
59. Classes Example Matches the folder structure Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
60. Classes Example Matches the filename Matches the folder structure Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
61. Classes Example Matches the folder structure Matches the filename Everything else is part of the Java language conventions Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
62. Classes Example Matches the folder structure Matches the filename Everything else is part of the Java language conventions Purple signifies special reserved words Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
63. Classes Example Matches the folder structure Matches the filename Everything else is part of the Java language conventions Purple signifies special reserved words If there is a // in front of a line, it is a comment zone Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
64. Create a new Class called MyFirstCheck TEST IT
65. Methods
66. A method is a function: a small chunk of executable instructions Methods Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
67. Methods Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
68. Methods A method ! Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
69. Methods A method ! It should have a memorable unique name Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
70. Methods It should have a memorable unique name This specifies whether other classes can see the logic public vs. private (for us: always public) A method ! Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
71. Methods This specifies whether other classes can see the logic public vs. private (for us: always public) This specifies whether the logic gives back an answer (for our tests, they will all be void) A method ! It should have a memorable unique name Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
72. Methods A method ! It should have a memorable unique name This specifies whether other classes can see the logic public vs. private (for us: always public) This specifies whether the logic gives back an answer (for our tests, they will all be void) All logic goes here Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
73. Create a method named checkForBugs() TEST IT
74. Test Methods
75. Test Methods Only real difference is this: @Test Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
76. Test Methods Only real difference is this: @Test import is a way to get access to code in other files. In this case, we’re using the magic of the Test class Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
77. Test Methods Only real difference is this: @Test import is a way to get access to code in other files. In this case, we’re using the magic of the Test class You can have multiple tests in the same file Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
78. Make your method into a test @Test TEST IT
79. Assertions
80. Assertions This import gets us access to Asserts Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
81. Assertions This import gets us access to Asserts This is an assert. In this example we are checking that two things are equal. The value on the left is our expected value, the one of the right is the calculated. Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
82. Assertions This import gets us access to Asserts This is an assert. In this example we are checking that two things are equal. The value on the left is our expected value, the one of the right is the calculated. It’s ok if the expected and actual values don’t match. This is when our automation will report to us something is not right. Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
83. Add an assertion assertTrue( 42 > 100 ); TEST IT
84. Running Tests
85. Running Tests Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
86. Running Tests Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
87. Runs all tests in the Class file Three possible results • Pass • Fail • Error Running Tests Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
88. Three possible results • Pass No problems found • Fail Expectation did not happen • Error Something unexpected occurred Running Tests Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
89. State of the set of tests clearly highlighted by a large colourful bar Running Tests Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
90. What do you predict will be the result of our assertion? Try running it. Did the results match your expectations? TEST IT
91. Strings
92. A String is a bit of text, that can be stored for later reference. E.g. Store some data, as type String, using an id name of ‘person’ String person = “Jonathan”; Strings Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
93. A String is a bit of text, that can be stored for later reference. E.g. Store some data, as type String, using an id name of ‘person’ String person = “Jonathan”; Strings Store some data Using an id name of person as type String Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
94. Add a String to your check TEST IT
95. JUnit Methods
96. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before @After @BeforeClass @AfterClass JUnit Methods Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
97. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass @AfterClass JUnit Methods Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
98. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass @AfterClass JUnit Methods Run Class Before commands Test A After commands Before commands Test B After commands End running Class Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
99. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass @AfterClass JUnit Methods Why ? To create common commands once A Selenium Example might be.. - to login a user before each test - to logout the user after each test Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
100. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass Method to run once before all tests @AfterClass Method to run once after all tests JUnit Methods Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
101. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass Method to run once before all tests @AfterClass Method to run once after all tests JUnit Methods Run Class Before Class commands Test A Test B After Class commands End running Class Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
102. Other than @Test, the key ones are: @Before Method to run before each test @After Method to run after each test @BeforeClass Method to run once before all tests @AfterClass Method to run once after all tests JUnit Methods Why ? To create common commands once A Selenium Example might be.. - to open up a browser window once - to close the browser once complete Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
103. Add @before and @after methods to your class Have them print to the console System.out.println(“Something”); TEST IT
104. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
105. Selenium Basics
106. Open a browser Go somewhere nice (url) Fill in form fields Click some things Assert that our expectations match reality Close the browser Our mission... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
107. Commands differ based on choice of browser. Firefox is the Selenium default choice WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); After this command executes, Firefox should open Mission: Open the Browser Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
108. TEST IT
109. Tell the driver which URL to visit driver.get( “http://en.wikipedia.org” ); After which, the browser will load to requested page Mission: Go Somewhere Nice Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
110. TEST IT
111. Find a form field on the page WebElement searchfield = driver.findElement( By.id(“searchInput”) ); We now have access to this bit of the page. We can interact with it (click, type, etc). Mission: Fill in Form Fields Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
112. Find the get button and click it searchfield.sendKeys( “The Matrix\n” ); Mission: Fill in Form Fields Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
113. TEST IT
114. Assert the page title is what we expect String title = driver.getTitle(); assertEquals( title, “The Matrix” ); Mission: Assert Expectations Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
115. TEST IT
116. driver.quit(); Mission: Close the Browser Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
117. TEST IT
118. ☑ Open a browser ☑ Go somewhere nice ☑ Fill in form fields ☑ Click some things ☑ Assert that our expectations match reality ☑ Close the browser Our mission... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
119. Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Our mission...
120. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
121. Browser Tools
122. The browser dev-tools are your friend to finding out how to uniquely identify the elements on a web page. Dev Tools Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
123. Accessing the Dev Tools Exact menu option depends on the browser Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
124. Element Selector Click the selector tool Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
125. Element Selector Click on an element of the page to select it Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
126. With the HTML shown, we can pick how best to identify our element: id class xpath Finding Ids, Class Names, and more Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
127. Go to wikipedia Use the Element Selector See the HTML for the search field TEST IT
128. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
129. Selectors
130. There are many ways to grab parts of the web page: - Id - Class - Name - Link Text - XPath Selectors Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
131. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> Sample DOM Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
132. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.id( “eric_h_jung” )); Select By Id Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
133. On Wikipedia Using Dev Tools Go to Console tab and type... $(‘#<someId>’) (replace <someId> with the search field id) TEST IT
134. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.className( “human” )); Select By Class Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
135. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.className( “youth” )); Select By Class Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
136. Using Dev Tools Console, type $(‘input’) What happened and why? TEST IT
137. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.name( “address” )); Select By Name Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
138. Using Dev Tools find the name of the wiki search field TEST IT
139. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.partialLinkText( “321 South” )); Select By Partial Link Text Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
140. Select By Link Text <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.linkText( “321 South Ave” )); Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
141. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “/people” )); Means <people> element Means top level Select By XPath Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
142. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “/people/person” )); Means second level Select By XPath Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
143. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “/people/person[1]” )); Means first match Select By XPath Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
144. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “/people/person[2]” )); Means second match Select By XPath Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
145. Select By XPath <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “//person[2]” )); Means any depth Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
146. Using Dev Tools Console $x(“<xpath>”) retrieve all inputs on the wiki homepage TEST IT
147. <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “//href[@city=’denver’]” )); @ means attribute Select By XPath Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
148. Select By XPath <people> <person id="eric_h_jung" class="human adult"> <href name="address" street="321 south st" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South St</href> <href name="work_address" street="123 main st" city="arlington" state="ma" country="usa">123 Main St</href> </person> <person id="jed_brown" class="human youth"> <href name"address" street="321 north st" city="atlanta" state="ga" country="usa">321 North St</href> <href name="home_address" street="123 west st" city="seattle" state="wa" country="usa">123 West St</href> <href name="work_address" street="321 south avenue" city="denver" state="co" country="usa">321 South Ave</href> </person> </people> driver.findElements(By.xpath( “//href[@city=’denver’]/..” )); @ means up one level Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
149. Review of ways to grab parts of the page - Id driver.findElement( By.id() ); - Class driver.findElement( By.className() ); - Name driver.findElement( By.name() ); - Link Text driver.findElement( By.linkText() ); driver.findElement( By.partialLinkText() ); - XPath driver.findElement( By.xpath() ); Selectors Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
150. Least to most brittle selectors (likely to be broken as software evolves) - Id - Class - Name - Link Text - XPath Selectors Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
151. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Objectives
152. Checking with Asserts
153. Here is a list of common asserts you can use to verify your expectations against the actual webpage results Asserts Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
154. Asserts Statement Description fail( message ) Cause the test to immediately fail, reporting the provided String as message assertTrue( message, condition ) Checks that the condition is true, and reports the message if instead it is false. assertFalse ( message, condition ) Checks that the condition is false, and reports the message if instead it is true. assertEquals( message, expected, actual ) Checks that the expected value matches the actual, or reports the message otherwise Be sure to provide a useful message for when checks fail. This will be the first source of information for diagnostics Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
155. TEST IT
156. Looping
157. Sometimes we need to perform some logic on a collections of possible elements driver.findElements(By.className(“div”)); This command gets more than one element Looping a little Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
158. Using a ‘for-loop’ we can investigate each one for(WebElement elem : driver.findElements(By.className(“div”)) ) { // Do something with the specific ‘elem’ element } Looping a little Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
159. We can check aspects of each one for(WebElement elem : driver.findElements(By.className(“div”)) ) { if(elem.getText().equals( “Neo” ) break; } The ‘break’ command quits the loop early Looping a little Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
160. TEST IT
161. Multiple Windows
162. Each window has a ‘handle’ to access it String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); Popups - How to Swap Windows Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
163. The driver has a list of all window handles driver.getWindowHandles(); Popups - How to Swap Windows Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
164. We can loop over all window handles and change the current window for( String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { driver.switchTo().window( handle ); } Popups - How to Swap Windows Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
165. As we loop, we can check the window title and stop looping once we find the right one if( driver.getTitle().equals( “The Matrix” ) ) { break; // This means stop looping immediately } Popups - How to Swap Windows Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
166. Once looping is done, it is wise to confirm that we are on the desired page assertTrue( driver.getTitle().equals( "The Matrix" ) ); Popups - How to Swap Windows Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
167. Popups - All Together Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
168. TEST IT
169. Page Objects
170. A Page Object is pattern used to create more maintainable Selenium tests Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
171. A Page Object is a model of a single page of a website. • It exposes the page interactions • It hides the volatile selectors Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
172. public class LandingPage { private WebDriver driver; public LandingPage(WebDriver aDriver) { this.driver = aDriver; } } Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA - Create a class for the page - It will need a constructor (special type of method) - Let the Page Object access the WebDriver
173. public class LandingPage { // Top Bar private By HOME = By.xpath("//*[@id='gn-apple']/a"); private By STORE = By.xpath("//*[@id='gn-store']/a"); private By MAC = By.xpath("//*[@id='gn-mac']/a"); private By IPHONE = By.xpath("//*[@id='gn-iphone']/a"); …[Constructor code]… } Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Define selectors for each bit of the page
174. public class LandingPage { …[Selectors, Constructor code]… public void goToStore() { driver.findElement(STORE).click(); } public void searchFor(String something) { driver.findElement(SEARCH).sendKeys(something + "\n"); } } Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA Add methods for each interaction Use the defined selectors
175. Now we have a reusable Page Object ! Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
176. To use it in a test… • import LandingPage; • LandingPage page = new LandingPage( driver ); • page.searchFor( “Apple Juice” ); // Use it Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
177. Creating Page Objects as a complementary activity to creating new web pages can be a great way to determine if it was written with testing in mind. Page Objects Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
178. TEST IT
179. Page Factory
180. PageFactory is a special tool that helps further encapsulate Page Object patterns. LoginPage page = PageFactory.initElements(driver, LoginPage.class); PageFactory Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
181. Pros - Simplifies Selectors in the PageObject - Simplifies the constructors of PageObjects Cons - Does not work well with dynamic pages - Slow if PageObject has lots of selectors PageFactory Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
182. Sample PageObject for use with PageFactory: PageFactory Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
183. The test case is nearly identical PageFactory Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
184. TEST IT
185. Mobile Automation
186. What if Selenium WebDriver could drive mobile apps as well ? Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
187. It can with a friend called... Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
188. Appium is an open source tool that helps Selenium WebDriver scripts talk to iOS and Android apps Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
189. Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
190. We write our Selenium tests in the same style as before, but now they interact with our apps Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
191. WebDriver driver = new AppiumDriver( new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub")); WebElement loginUsername = driver.findElements(By.className("UIATextField")); loginUsername.sendkeys(“jclarkin”); Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
192. You choose the level of fidelity: - Check against simulated app - Check against emulated app - Check against physically wired app - Robotics ! Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
193. Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
194. Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DShxaaTb_rg
195. Mobile App Automation Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA More info at: - Appium: appium.io - Robots: tapsterbot.com
196. Review
197. - Setting up Java, Eclipse, JUnit, and Selenium - Authoring syntax of JUnit scripts - Using basic Selenium commands - Peeking under the web via browser tools - Applying Selenium Selectors - And more: Looping, Windows, Page Objects ... Review Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
198. - Grab a pen & some sticky notes - Write down : - What new insights have you gained ? - How you feel about the workshop ? - Which questions do you still have ? - How did someone on your team help you? - Place them on the communal wall Activity: Feedback Jonathan Clarkin | @_jrwc | #KWSQA
199. THANK YOU This is not a work of fiction. Names, characters, places and incidents are products of the author’s memory. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is not entirely coincidental. All copyright belong to their respective owners. Images and text owned by other copyright holders are used here under the guidelines of the Fair Use provisions of Copyright Law. Special thanks to the Wachoskis and 20th Century Fox for creating The Matrix