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Introduction to GraphQL
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jnwng
November 16, 2017
Technology
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Introduction to GraphQL
Real World React November 17th, 2017
jnwng
November 16, 2017
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Transcript
An Introduction To GraphQL Real World React, November 16, 2017
Jon Wong Frontend Infrastructure, Coursera @jnwng 2
Runtime ▪ Clients ▪ Servers ▪ Tools What We’re Covering
in GraphQL Language ▪ Schemas ▪ Queries ▪ Mutations 3
What is GraphQL? Taken straight from GraphQL.org
Describe your Data type Project { name: String tagline: String
contributors: [User] } 5
Ask for What You Want { project(name: "GraphQL") { tagline
} } 6
Get Predictable Results { project(name: "GraphQL") { tagline } }
7 { "project": { "tagline": "A query language for APIs" } }
A single endpoint for data from anywhere { book {
author { tweets amazonReviews } } } 8
Schemas Describing possible data
Describe everything that is possible ▪ All possible data results
are described by the server. 10
Validation ▪ Every query is validated against the GraphQL schema
▪ No runtime errors for query documents 11
Execution ▪ Query execution utilizes the schema to figure out
what to run, mapping them to “resolvers” 12
The GraphQL Schema gives us the basis of everything that
is possible when communicating to the server from the client. 13
Queries Reading your data
query { someField } { “data”: { “someField”: “someValue” }}
15 A simple query
query MyQueryName { fieldName } 16 A simple query with
a name
query ($someArg: String) { fieldWithArg(name: $someArg) } 17 A simple
query with arguments
query ($someArg: String) { fieldWithArg(name: $someArg) } + { “someArg”:
“my-field-name” } 18 … which requires variables
query { smallPicture: picture(size: 100) mediumPicture: picture(size: 500) largePicture: picture(size:
2000) } 19 A simple query with aliases
Fragments fragment MyFancyFragment on MyResource { someField } 20 These
are required!
Spreading a fragment in a query query { someResource {
...MyFancyFragment } } 21 These two types should match
22 A typical React application
23 … broken down into components ...
24 A complex query
25 A complex query
26 A complex query query CoursePage { course(slug: “Machine Learning”)
{ title description ...University ...Instructor } }
27 <h1>{course.title}</h1> <p>{course.description}</p> <University university={course.university} /> <Instructor instructor={course.instructor} /> Breaking
queries down with fragments query CoursePage { course(slug: “Machine Learning”) { title description ...University ...Instructor } }
28 ▪ Components can be more portable ▪ Components are
more self-sufficient. Every component can declare its own data requirements
GraphQL queries allow the client to declare exactly what it
needs, in the form that it needs it in. 29
Mutations Writing your data
mutation { addToCounter { count } } 31 A simple
mutation { “data”: { “addToCounter”: { “count”: 1 } } }
mutation { addToCounter { count } } 32 A simple
mutation This is a query
mutation { addToCounter { count } second: addToCounter { count
} } 33 Mutations execute serially { “data”: { “addToCounter”: { “count”: 1 }, “second”: { “count”: 2 } } }
Clients Managing your data
Clients make it easier to manage data Relay Apollo 35
Caching ▪ Clients provide advanced caching for GraphQL queries. 36
Caching query ListView { allBooks { id name } }
37 query DetailView ($id: ID) { bookById(id: $id) { name } }
The GraphQL HoC const Component = ({ data: { someField
}}) => <span>{someField}</span> export default graphql(gql` query { someField } `)(Component) 38
39
40 const Instructor = ({ data: { instructor }}) =>
( <View> <ProfilePhoto profile={instructor.profile} /> <span>{instructor.name}</span> </View> ); export default graphql(gql` query { instructor(id: 1) { name profile { ...ProfilePhoto } } } ${ProfilePhoto.fragment} `)(Instructor)
Clients make adopting GraphQL in your application a breeze. 41
Servers Serving your data
Mapping types to resolvers 43 const schemaDefinition = ` type
Query { books: [Book] } type Book { title: String author: String } `; const resolvers = { Query: { books: () => fetch('https://api.com/books') }, };
Every field can be resolved separately. 44 const resolvers =
{ Query: { books: () => fetch('https://api.com/books') }, Book: { reviews: () => return [], title: () => fetch(‘https://api.com/titles’) } };
A single endpoint for data from anywhere { book {
author { tweets amazonReviews } } } 45
GraphQL servers are flexible 46 ▪ They can act as
proxies to existing data ▪ They can also become the business logic layer itself
Tools Supercharging your data
GraphiQL 48
`eslint-plugin-graphql` 49 Catch invalid API calls at compile-time
`apollo-codegen` 50 Catch runtime errors at compile-time
GraphQL enables an entire ecosystem of tools to make developers
more effective. 51
▪ GraphQL makes it really simple to query lots of
data, no matter where it is. 52 In Summary
▪ Just like React, GraphQL can break down complexity into
composable, reusable pieces 53 In Summary
▪ GraphQL.org ▪ GraphQL.com ▪ https://launchpad.graphql.com/ new 54 How to
Get Started
THANKS! 55 @jnwng Presentation template by SlidesCarnival