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Understanding Gradle for Android
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Kevin Pelgrims
November 12, 2015
Programming
2
820
Understanding Gradle for Android
Presented at Big Android BBQ Europe 2015
Kevin Pelgrims
November 12, 2015
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Transcript
Understanding Gradle for Android Kevin Pelgrims
About me • Mobile Developer at Drivr • Just launched
Forward • Working with Android since 2011 • .NET developer in a previous life • Big interest in web technology
Schedule • The build file • Groovy basics • Back
to the build file • Custom tasks • Tasks for Android • Tips and tricks
The build file
The build file apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.1.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.0' }
Groovy basics To get Gradle, you need to get Groovy
Verbosity System.out.println("Hello, Java"); println("Hello, Java"); println("Hello, Java") println "Hello, Java"
println 'Hello, Groovy'
Dynamic typing String name = "Andy" def name = 'Andy'
String interpolation def name = 'Andy' def greeting = "Hello,
$name" def name_size = "Your name is ${name.size()} characters long"
Methods public int square(int num) { return num * num;
} square(2); def square(def num) { num * num } square 4
Closures def square = { num -> num * num
} square 8 Closure square = { it * it } square 16
Closures void runClosure(Closure closure) { closure() } runClosure({ println 'Yo!'})
runClosure() { println 'Yo!'} runClosure { println 'Yo!'}
Lists List list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] list.each
{ element -> println element } list.each { println it }
Maps Map map = [one:1, two:2, three:3] map.get('one') map['two'] map.three
Maps void print(Map args, String message) { println args println
message } print(one:1, two:2, three:3, 'hello')
The build file
Back to the build file apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android {
compileSdkVersion 23 buildToolsVersion "23.1.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.0' }
Back to the build file apply plugin: 'com.android.application' project.apply([plugin: 'com.android.application']);
Back to the build file dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.0' }
project.dependencies({ add('compile', 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.0', { // Configuration statements }); });
Back to the build file android { compileSdkVersion 23 buildToolsVersion
"23.1.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } Android plugin: https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html
Custom tasks
Gradle build lifecycle Initialization Discover all modules
Gradle build lifecycle Initialization Configuration Configure project objects
Gradle build lifecycle Initialization Configuration Execution Execute selected tasks
Defining a task task hello { doLast { println 'Hello,
world!' } } task hello << { println 'Hello, world!' }
Defining a task task hello { println 'Configuration' doLast {
println 'Goodbye' } doFirst { println 'Hello' } }
Ordering task actions task hello { doFirst { println 'Not
really first' } doFirst { println 'First' } doLast { println 'Not really last' } doLast { println 'Last' } }
Ordering tasks (1) task task1 << { println 'Task 1'
} task task2 << { println 'Task 2' } task2.mustRunAfter task1 > gradlew task2 task1 task1 task2
Ordering tasks (2) task task1 << { println 'Task 1'
} task task2 << { println 'Task 2' } task2.dependsOn task1 > gradlew task2 task1 task2
Android tasks
Hooking into the Android plugin android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> println
variant }
Hooking into the Android plugin task hello << { println
'Hello' } android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> variant.assemble.dependsOn hello }
Automatically renaming APKs android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> variant.outputs.each { output
-> } } def file = output.outputFile output.outputFile = new File(file.parent, file.name.replace(".apk", "${variant.versionName}.apk"))
Tips and tricks
The Gradle Wrapper • It’s there by default • It’s
everywhere • It’s always the right version • You can use different versions of Gradle for different projects
Speeding up the build • Use the latest version of
Gradle distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/ gradle-2.8-all.zip
Speeding up the build • Use the latest version of
Gradle • Change your Gradle properties org.gradle.parallel=true org.gradle.daemon=true org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m
Speeding up the build • Use the latest version of
Gradle • Change your Gradle properties • Build modules separately gradlew :app:build :moduledirectoryname:build
Speeding up the build • Use the latest version of
Gradle • Change your Gradle properties • Build modules separately • Exclude modules from the build gradlew assemble -x :libraryproject:assemble
Speeding up the build • Use the latest version of
Gradle • Change your Gradle properties • Build modules separately • Exclude modules from the build • Do some profiling gradlew task --profile
Optimizing the APK • ProGuard android { buildTypes { release
{ minifyEnabled true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile ('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro ...
Optimizing the APK • ProGuard • Automatic resource shrinking android
{ buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true ...
Optimizing the APK • ProGuard • Automatic resource shrinking •
Manual resource shrinking android { defaultConfig { resConfigs "en", "da", "nl" } }
Optimizing the APK • ProGuard • Automatic resource shrinking •
Manual resource shrinking android { defaultConfig { resConfigs "hdpi", "xhdpi", "xxhdpi", "xxxhdpi" } }
Resources
Resources • Groovy SDK • http://www.groovy-lang.org/download.html • Gradle DSL •
https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/ • Android plugin documentation • https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html
Resources I wrote a book! https://www.packtpub.com/ application-development/gradle- android
Understanding Gradle for Android twitter.com/kevinpelgrims google.com/+kevinpelgrims kevinpelgrims.com