ブロックチェーン / Blockchain

2021年6月21日、早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科の「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット (2021夏)」第6-7回にて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. — 2021 6-7 (WBS) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.1/67
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.2/67
3. ( ) 1 5 31 • 2 6 7 (1) • 3 6 7 (2) • 4 6 14 – (1) • 5 6 14 – (2) • 6 6 21 (1) • 7 6 21 (2) • 8 6 28 ( ) (1) 9 6 28 ( ) (2) 10 7 5 (1) 11 7 5 (2) 12 7 12 (1) 13 7 12 (2) 14 7 19 (1) 15 7 19 (2) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.3/67
4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. : 8. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.4/67
5. 1. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.5/67
6. 3. (1) (end; ) (2) 2021 6 17 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Discord ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.6/67
7. . . . . . . 20 18 (6/18( ) 16:30 ) ( ) ( / / ) / / / / ( / ) / / / / / ( ) : https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO70015990W1A310C2KE8000/ ( ) : https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO70052650X10C21A3KE8000/ P2P — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.7/67
8. M ( ) ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.8/67
9. O vs vs ⇒ DEX DEX : Decentralized EXchange : (distributed) (decentralized) (autonomous) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.9/67
10. M ( ) ⇒ (DAO) ( ) e-GOV — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.10/67
11. S ⇒ → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.11/67
12. N (= ) or (= ) ATM / ⇒ ( ) : → ( ) : → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.12/67
13. H ⇒ ( ) (Bitcoin ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.13/67
14. 2. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.14/67
15. ( ) ( ) ( 16 ) SHA Secure Hash Algorithm ( ) 1 : — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.15/67
16. SHA-1 https://shattered.it SHA-1 160 2017 2 Google (CWI) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.16/67
17. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.17/67
18. (RSA) RSA (RSA : Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) ECDSA ( DSA : Digital Signature Algorithm) - — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.18/67
19. : < , > : : < , , > : OK NG ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.19/67
20. ( ) ← CA — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.20/67
21. 3. (by Satoshi Nakamoto) Satoshi ( ) (block; , ) ← (chain; ) ← — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.21/67
22. (1) ( ) 3 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.22/67
23. (2) ↓ (1) ( ) (2) (3) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.23/67
24. (1) ( ) ⇒ P2P ⇒ ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.24/67
25. (2) (double spending) ( ) ⇒ ⇒ ( ) → ( ) ( ) ⇒ → → ⇒ → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.25/67
26. — — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.26/67
27. (1) 2,100 cm3 (cc) 1 1cm3 ( ) 10 6.25cm3 → 10 4 ( 21 ) 2009 1 50cm3 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.27/67
28. (2) . . . → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.28/67
29. ∼ ท൪߸
    
    O ท൪߸
    
    O  ท൪߸
    
    O  લทͷμΠδΣετ λʔήοτҎԼͰͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ ͸Έͩ͠ίʔφʔ μΠδΣετ͕λʔήοτҎԼʹͳΔΑ͏ʹೖΕΔద౰ͳ಺༰ ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.29/67
30. ∼ ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ϖʔδ൪߸
    
    O  ͬͪ͜ͷྺ࢙͕༗ޮ ( → ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.30/67
31. 1 ( ) μΠδΣετ ϒϩοΫ O ϚΠχϯάใु ݻఆ஋
    ख਺ྉ
    ೖྗͷ߹ܭͱग़ྗͷ߹ܭͷࠩ .FSLMF
    ໦Λܭࢉͯ͠ ͦͷϧʔτ஋Λ֨ೲ ͍ͣΕऔҾه࿥͕औΓग़͞Εɺ ͦͷ࣌఺ͷਖ਼࢙ʹೖ͍ͬͯͳ͍΋ͷͳΒ ৽ͨͳϒϩοΫͷதʹ֨ೲ͞ΕΔ ᶃ
    ਖ਼౰ੑͷอূ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸ 6590 ߏ଄ ᶄ
    ଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸࡞ۀূ໌෇͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ ᶅ
    །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸
    φΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ #5$ ੜ੒ औҾ औҾ औҾ औҾ ʜʜ ΑΓ௕͍ ࡞ۀূ໌ ͷίετ͕ΑΓ෷Θ Ε͍ͯΔ νΣʔϯ ͕༗ޮͱͳΔ μΠδΣετ
    㱡
    
    λʔήοτ 1SPPG
    0G
    8PSL ࡞ۀূ໌ աڈͷऔҾग़ྗ΁ͷࢀর σδλϧॺ໊ ެ։ݤ Ѽઌͱྔ ίΠϯ λʔήοτ ϊϯε ೖྗ ೖྗ ग़ྗ ग़ྗ 1. 10 ( ) 2. 3. 1 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.31/67
32. /LT(Ledger Technology) ਖ਼౰ੑͷอূ ྫ
    
    6590
    ߏ଄ͱσδλϧॺ໊ ଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ྫ
    
    ࡞ۀূ໌෇͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ྫ
    
    φΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϧʔϧͷهड़ ྫ
    
    #5$
    ͷҠస ɾ
    τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷ಺༰͕վ͟ΜͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ
    ͦͷΞηοτʹؔ͢ΔաڈͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯྻʹরΒͯ͠ໃ६͕ͳ͘ɺ ɾ
    ͔ͭɺਖ਼౰ͳϢʔβʹΑΓ౤ೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূ͢Δ ɾաڈʹ͋ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛຣফͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ
    ͔ͭɺաڈʹͳ͔ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛ፻଄Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ɾໃ६͢Δ;ͨͭͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕౤ೖ͞Εͨ৔߹ɺ ɹ ͍ͣΕ
    ؔ༩͢Δશһ͕ಉ͡ยํΛબΜͰྺ࢙ͷதʹҐஔ͚ͮΔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩδοΫ
    Կ͕ਖ਼͍͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͔ΛܾΊΔ End-to-End ( ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.32/67
33. 4. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.33/67
34. (Hyperledger ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) IoT / / ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.34/67
35. : . . . : Proof of Existence, Everledger, . . . ( ) ( ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.35/67
36. ( KVS DHT) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.36/67
37. 5. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.37/67
38. (2009 1 ∼2021 6 ) 2 → 2 2 → → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.38/67
39. vs. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.39/67
40. The DAO ( ) The DAO Split ( ) 360 ETH (50∼60 ) (2016/6/17) ( → ) ( → ; ) ( ) (2016/7/20 ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.40/67
41. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.41/67
42. : ⇒ ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.42/67
43. Ether Ether Ether ( ) Ether Ether ( ) . . . . . . BTC ⇒ ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.43/67
44. 3 1. ( : UTXO + ) ⇒ ( ) 2. ( : ) ⇒ 3. ( : ) TX ⇒ 2 3 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.44/67
45. / Bitcoin, Ethereum LT BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ެڞۭؒ ɾτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛແؔ܎ͳྺ࢙͕อ༗ ɾͲΕ͔ͷ୆ாΛແໃ६ʹॻ͖׵͑ͯ΋ূڌ͕࢒Δ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ୆ா υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ Ethereum ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.45/67
46. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.46/67
47. Ethereum ( ) ( ) ⇒ (Casper) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.47/67
48. BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ⇒ ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ DHT ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.48/67
49. 6. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.49/67
50. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ . . . — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.50/67
51. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (by ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.51/67
52. Q. ( ) ( = / = ) ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.52/67
53. ( ) ( ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.53/67
54. ( ) ( ) / / — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.54/67
55. — ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.55/67
56. . . . Ethereum https://speakerdeck.com/ks91/introduction-to-bbc-1-and-ethereum-f1a5d202-36fe-4a4f-9536-d01e66d51f83 https://speakerdeck.com/ks91/bbc-1-and-ethereum-exercise-ii-39acc9be-9ec2-4fc1-ad3d-d2cca737fa09 — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.56/67
57. → 30 : × — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.57/67
58. OS (2007) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.58/67
59. Amazon Go → — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.59/67
60. ( JPY ) MUFG J S (“Cause-Oriented Economy”) ⇒ — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.60/67
61. (4 ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.61/67
62. → (AI ) → ← → → / / — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.62/67
63. ( ) ( ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.63/67
64. 7. : — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.64/67
65. 8. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.65/67
66. 4. 2021 6 24 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Discord ) — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.66/67
67. — 2021 6-7 — 2021-06-21 – p.67/67