2 December 2005 Web Technologies Future Trends and Course Review Prof. Beat Signer Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel beatsigner.com
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 2 December 20, 2022 The Future of the Web ▪ From a Web of documents (e.g. HTML pages) to a Web of structured data and services ▪ semantic web and linked data ▪ cloud computing ▪ enabling technologies - URI, XML, RDF and OWL ▪ The Internet as one global machine ▪ interoperability of services ▪ automatic reasoning ▪ The Mobile Web ▪ access information and services offered by the global machine from everywhere at any time, feed the machine with new data and teach the machine new relationships between data
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 3 December 20, 2022 The Future of the Web ... ▪ Internet of Things (Web of Things) ▪ integration of physical objects with the global machine ▪ physical world gets reflected in digital space via sensor input data - RFID, GPS, temperature, ... ▪ information and services managed by the global machine get projected into the physical space via augmented reality ▪ Personal data that is nowadays stored in folders on personal computers might move to the global machine ▪ User interfaces for the global machine ▪ personalised filtering and recommendation of related information based on user profiling and AI technologies ▪ cross-media browsers
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 4 December 20, 2022 The Future of the Web ... ▪ How will documents look like in the future? ▪ graph of linked data ▪ documents as structural view of the linked data ▪ How are the presented ideas related to approaches introduced earlier in the course? ▪ e.g. Bush's Memex or Nelson's Xanadu ▪ Do we need new publishing models for the creation of linked data to be managed by the global machine? ▪ Finally, it is not only about connecting our data, services and machines but we are the machine
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 5 December 20, 2022 New Forms of User Interfaces ▪ Is the concept of a document still the right metaphor for accessing linked data? ▪ What about interfaces with semantic zooming functionality to seamlessly dive into more details? ▪ Will the increasing impact of social computing also be manifested in future interfaces for the global machine? ▪ e.g. filtering and ranking of information Microsoft's Photosynth interface for digital images
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 6 December 20, 2022 New Forms of User Interfaces ... ▪ In the future we will no longer just access information from the machine via a web browser but augment and use the physical environment as natural user interface (augmented reality interfaces) ▪ The use of linked data could help to overcome some the limitations of existing document-centric desktop interfaces ▪ files as ultimate level of granularity ▪ no links (associations) between files or parts of files ▪ missing content annotation functionality
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 7 December 20, 2022 New Forms of User Interfaces ... augmented reality contact lens augmented car windshield augmented phone display Wikitude World Browser Mojo Vision Augmented reality windshield, GM
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 8 December 20, 2022 The Future of the Internet internet of things web of data self-organising cloud computing security and privacy mobile web social computing one global machine
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 9 December 20, 2022 Solid ▪ Social Linked Data ▪ web decentralisation project led by Tim Berners-Lee ▪ set of tools and conventions based on Linked Data principles (URI, RDF(S), OWL, SPARQL, ..) ▪ Give users control over their data (true data ownership) ▪ personal online datastores (pods) - users decide where their pods are hosted ▪ decoupling of applications and data - data can be reused across applications - avoids vendor lock-in app X app Y pod 1 pod 2 pod 3 pod 4
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 10 December 20, 2022 Course Summary 1. Introduction ▪ history of the Web - Memex, Xanadu and various hypertext systems ▪ ARPANET and TCP/IP ▪ World Wide Web 2. Web Architectures ▪ HTTP protocol and session management ▪ client-server architectures, proxies, tunnels and gateways ▪ caching ▪ client-side processing - JavaScript, Java Applets, ... ▪ server-side processing - CGI, Java Servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP), ...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 11 December 20, 2022 Course Summary … 3. HTML5 and the Open Web Platform ▪ history of HTML ▪ HTML5 principles and markup ▪ HTML5 APIs - e.g. WebSockets, Geolocation, Drag and Drop, … 4. Web Application Frameworks ▪ Model-View-Controller (MVC) and MVC Model 2 ▪ Apache Struts 2 ▪ Spring framework, CakePHP, Node.js, ... ▪ web content management systems
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 13 December 20, 2022 Course Summary … 7. XML and Related Technologies ▪ SAX (Simple API for XML) and DOM (Document Object Model) ▪ XSL (XSLT) ▪ XPath, XPointer and XLink ▪ Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML Schema ▪ XML-RPC, VoiceXML etc. 8. Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies ▪ main concepts and interactions ▪ various Web 2.0 applications and social implications ▪ asynchronous partial updates and RIAs - AJAX ▪ service-oriented architectures (SOAs) - Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 14 December 20, 2022 Course Summary … 9. Semantic Web ▪ semantic web stack - RDF and RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, ... ▪ semantic web applications ▪ (X)HTML extensions and HTML5 Microdata - Microformats, RDFa 10.Web Search and SEO ▪ information retrieval concepts ▪ web search engine architectures ▪ Google PageRank algorithm ▪ search engine optimisations (SEO) - e.g. white and black hat optimisations
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 15 December 20, 2022 Course Summary … 11.Security, Privacy and Trust ▪ HTTP Authentication - basic authentication, digest authentication and base64 encoding ▪ symmetric key and public key cryptography - RSA cipher ▪ digital signatures and digital certificates ▪ TLS/SSL and HTTP Secure (HTTPS) ▪ privacy issues 12.Future Trends ▪ web of data ▪ global machine ▪ new user interfaces
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 16 December 20, 2022 Exam ▪ Dates ▪ January 12&13(6 ECTS) and January 26&27 (3 ECTS) ▪ Each student will be assigned an examination slot of 20 minutes (15 minutes for 3 ECTS version) ▪ 5 minutes for questions about the assignment (6 ECTS) ▪ 15 minutes oral exam about different topics that have been covered in the course - note that there will be no specific preparation time
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 17 December 20, 2022 Exam … ▪ Grade = oral exam (50%) + assignment (50%) ▪ assignment is composed out of two grades - overall grade for project where students have some flexibility in distributing the grades (±2 points) (70%) • by default all team members get the same grade for assignment • send us an email before January 1, 2023 if you want to change the distribution - your contribution/knowledge to the project as checked in oral exam (30%) ▪ note that the grade for the oral exam as well as for the assign- ment have to be 8/20 or higher in order to pass the exam! ▪ Submission of the assignment via Canvas ▪ deadline: December 23, 24:00 (UTC+1)
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 18 December 20, 2022 Exam … ▪ Students following the 3 ECTS programme will only have an oral exam (100%) and no assignment ▪ The exam will cover all the content presented in the lectures as well as any additional information from the exercise sessions ▪ includes the videos shown in some of the lectures
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 19 December 20, 2022 Exam … ▪ Remember to read the following paper as it forms part of the course material ▪ Vannevar Bush, As We May Think, Atlanic Monthly, July 1945 ▪ Make sure that you can sketch basic architectures of web information systems ▪ possible roles of different technologies ▪ know how the things presented in different lectures fit together - e.g. security applied to varying architectures - e.g. web search for RIAs - … ▪ Make sure that you understand the basic concepts first ▪ however, we might ask questions at any level of detail to evaluate your knowledge
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 20 December 20, 2022 Other Courses ▪ Specialisation: Data Management and Analytics (DAMA) ▪ Advanced Topics in Big Data (MA) ▪ seminar about recent developments in Big Data ▪ scalable data management and big data analytics ▪ graph processing and distributed query processing ▪ human-data interaction and human-in-the loop data processing ▪ information visualisation and data physicalisation ▪ Information Visualisation (MA) ▪ perception and colour theory ▪ representation of data (encoding of value/relation) ▪ presentation of data (visualisation techniques) ▪ interaction ▪ dashboards and case studies
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 22 December 20, 2022 Are You Interested in a Thesis? ▪ Possibilities for BA, MA and PhD theses ▪ Mixed Reality Solutions - e.g. for museums, photography etc. ▪ Tangible User Interfaces ▪ Dynamic Data Physicalisation Framework - big data exploration interfaces ▪ MindXpres Presentation Platform ▪ Cross-Device and Cross-Media Interfaces ▪ Smart Environments and Cross-Domain Internet of Things (IoT) ▪ Hybrid Tracking and Implicit Human-Computer Interaction ▪ Personal Information Management (PIM) ▪ Interactive Paper Solutions ▪ Do you have your own ideas? Come along to discuss them... - https://beatsigner.com/flyers/ThesesOverview.pdf
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 23 December 20, 2022 References ▪ B. Signer, R. Roels, R. van Barlingen and B. Willems, Back to the Future: Bringing Original Hyper- media Concepts to Modern Desktop Environments, Pro- ceedings of Hypertext 2021, 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, Virtual Event, August 2021 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_Hypertext2021.pdf
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 24 December 20, 2022 References … ▪ R. Roels and B. Signer, A Conceptual Framework and Content Model for Next Generation Presentation Solutions, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI), 3(Issue EICS), June 2019 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_PACMHCI2019.pdf ▪ Tekla S. Perry, Augmented Reality in a Contact Lens: It’s the Real Deal, IEEE Spectrum ▪ https://spectrum.ieee.org/ar-in-a-contact-lens-its-the-real-deal ▪ Solid Project ▪ https://solidproject.org
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