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Future Trends and Review - Lecture 12 - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)

Beat Signer
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December 20, 2022

Future Trends and Review - Lecture 12 - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)

This lecture forms part of the course Web Technologies given at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

Beat Signer
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December 20, 2022
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  1. 2 December 2005
    Web Technologies
    Future Trends and Course Review
    Prof. Beat Signer
    Department of Computer Science
    Vrije Universiteit Brussel
    beatsigner.com

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  2. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 2
    December 20, 2022
    The Future of the Web
    ▪ From a Web of documents (e.g. HTML pages)
    to a Web of structured data and services
    ▪ semantic web and linked data
    ▪ cloud computing
    ▪ enabling technologies
    - URI, XML, RDF and OWL
    ▪ The Internet as one global machine
    ▪ interoperability of services
    ▪ automatic reasoning
    ▪ The Mobile Web
    ▪ access information and services offered by the global machine
    from everywhere at any time, feed the machine with new data and
    teach the machine new relationships between data

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  3. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 3
    December 20, 2022
    The Future of the Web ...
    ▪ Internet of Things (Web of Things)
    ▪ integration of physical objects with the global machine
    ▪ physical world gets reflected in digital space via sensor input data
    - RFID, GPS, temperature, ...
    ▪ information and services managed by the global machine get
    projected into the physical space via augmented reality
    ▪ Personal data that is nowadays stored in folders on
    personal computers might move to the global machine
    ▪ User interfaces for the global machine
    ▪ personalised filtering and recommendation of related information
    based on user profiling and AI technologies
    ▪ cross-media browsers

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  4. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 4
    December 20, 2022
    The Future of the Web ...
    ▪ How will documents look like in the future?
    ▪ graph of linked data
    ▪ documents as structural view of the linked data
    ▪ How are the presented ideas related to approaches
    introduced earlier in the course?
    ▪ e.g. Bush's Memex or Nelson's Xanadu
    ▪ Do we need new publishing models for the creation of
    linked data to be managed by the global machine?
    ▪ Finally, it is not only about connecting our data, services
    and machines but we are the machine

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  5. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 5
    December 20, 2022
    New Forms of User Interfaces
    ▪ Is the concept of a
    document still the right
    metaphor for accessing
    linked data?
    ▪ What about interfaces
    with semantic zooming
    functionality to seamlessly
    dive into more details?
    ▪ Will the increasing impact of social computing also be
    manifested in future interfaces for the global machine?
    ▪ e.g. filtering and ranking of information
    Microsoft's Photosynth interface for digital images

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  6. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 6
    December 20, 2022
    New Forms of User Interfaces ...
    ▪ In the future we will no longer just access information
    from the machine via a web browser but augment and
    use the physical environment as natural user interface
    (augmented reality interfaces)
    ▪ The use of linked data could help to overcome some the
    limitations of existing document-centric desktop
    interfaces
    ▪ files as ultimate level of granularity
    ▪ no links (associations) between files or parts of files
    ▪ missing content annotation functionality

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  7. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 7
    December 20, 2022
    New Forms of User Interfaces ...
    augmented reality contact lens
    augmented car windshield
    augmented phone display
    Wikitude World Browser
    Mojo Vision
    Augmented reality windshield, GM

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  8. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 8
    December 20, 2022
    The Future of the Internet
    internet of things
    web of data
    self-organising
    cloud computing
    security and privacy
    mobile web
    social computing
    one global machine

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  9. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 9
    December 20, 2022
    Solid
    ▪ Social Linked Data
    ▪ web decentralisation project led by Tim Berners-Lee
    ▪ set of tools and conventions based on Linked Data principles
    (URI, RDF(S), OWL, SPARQL, ..)
    ▪ Give users control over their data
    (true data ownership)
    ▪ personal online datastores (pods)
    - users decide where their pods are hosted
    ▪ decoupling of applications and data
    - data can be reused across applications
    - avoids vendor lock-in
    app X
    app Y
    pod 1
    pod 2
    pod 3
    pod 4

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  10. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 10
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary
    1. Introduction
    ▪ history of the Web
    - Memex, Xanadu and various hypertext systems
    ▪ ARPANET and TCP/IP
    ▪ World Wide Web
    2. Web Architectures
    ▪ HTTP protocol and session management
    ▪ client-server architectures, proxies, tunnels and gateways
    ▪ caching
    ▪ client-side processing
    - JavaScript, Java Applets, ...
    ▪ server-side processing
    - CGI, Java Servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP), ...

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  11. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 11
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary …
    3. HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
    ▪ history of HTML
    ▪ HTML5 principles and markup
    ▪ HTML5 APIs
    - e.g. WebSockets, Geolocation, Drag and Drop, …
    4. Web Application Frameworks
    ▪ Model-View-Controller (MVC) and MVC Model 2
    ▪ Apache Struts 2
    ▪ Spring framework, CakePHP, Node.js, ...
    ▪ web content management systems

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  12. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 12
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary …
    5. CSS3 and Responsive Web Design
    ▪ CSS syntax and selectors
    ▪ CSS inclusion and cascading
    ▪ box model and layouting
    ▪ flexbox layout
    ▪ responsive web design
    - media queries, breakpoints, …
    6. JavaScript
    ▪ basic JavaScript concepts
    ▪ classes and modules
    ▪ JavaScript best practices
    ▪ JavaScript DOM manipulation and event handling
    ▪ JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)

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  13. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 13
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary …
    7. XML and Related Technologies
    ▪ SAX (Simple API for XML) and DOM (Document Object Model)
    ▪ XSL (XSLT)
    ▪ XPath, XPointer and XLink
    ▪ Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML Schema
    ▪ XML-RPC, VoiceXML etc.
    8. Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies
    ▪ main concepts and interactions
    ▪ various Web 2.0 applications and social implications
    ▪ asynchronous partial updates and RIAs
    - AJAX
    ▪ service-oriented architectures (SOAs)
    - Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services

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  14. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 14
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary …
    9. Semantic Web
    ▪ semantic web stack
    - RDF and RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, ...
    ▪ semantic web applications
    ▪ (X)HTML extensions and HTML5 Microdata
    - Microformats, RDFa
    10.Web Search and SEO
    ▪ information retrieval concepts
    ▪ web search engine architectures
    ▪ Google PageRank algorithm
    ▪ search engine optimisations (SEO)
    - e.g. white and black hat optimisations

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  15. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 15
    December 20, 2022
    Course Summary …
    11.Security, Privacy and Trust
    ▪ HTTP Authentication
    - basic authentication, digest authentication and base64 encoding
    ▪ symmetric key and public key cryptography
    - RSA cipher
    ▪ digital signatures and digital certificates
    ▪ TLS/SSL and HTTP Secure (HTTPS)
    ▪ privacy issues
    12.Future Trends
    ▪ web of data
    ▪ global machine
    ▪ new user interfaces

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  16. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 16
    December 20, 2022
    Exam
    ▪ Dates
    ▪ January 12&13(6 ECTS) and January 26&27 (3 ECTS)
    ▪ Each student will be assigned an examination slot
    of 20 minutes (15 minutes for 3 ECTS version)
    ▪ 5 minutes for questions about the assignment (6 ECTS)
    ▪ 15 minutes oral exam about different topics that have been
    covered in the course
    - note that there will be no specific preparation time

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  17. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 17
    December 20, 2022
    Exam …
    ▪ Grade = oral exam (50%) + assignment (50%)
    ▪ assignment is composed out of two grades
    - overall grade for project where students have some flexibility in distributing
    the grades (±2 points) (70%)
    • by default all team members get the same grade for assignment
    • send us an email before January 1, 2023 if you want to change the distribution
    - your contribution/knowledge to the project as checked in oral exam (30%)
    ▪ note that the grade for the oral exam as well as for the assign-
    ment have to be 8/20 or higher in order to pass the exam!
    ▪ Submission of the assignment via Canvas
    ▪ deadline: December 23, 24:00 (UTC+1)

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  18. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 18
    December 20, 2022
    Exam …
    ▪ Students following the 3 ECTS programme will
    only have an oral exam (100%) and no assignment
    ▪ The exam will cover all the content presented in the
    lectures as well as any additional information from the
    exercise sessions
    ▪ includes the videos shown in some of the lectures

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  19. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 19
    December 20, 2022
    Exam …
    ▪ Remember to read the following paper as it
    forms part of the course material
    ▪ Vannevar Bush, As We May Think, Atlanic Monthly, July 1945
    ▪ Make sure that you can sketch basic architectures of
    web information systems
    ▪ possible roles of different technologies
    ▪ know how the things presented in different lectures fit together
    - e.g. security applied to varying architectures
    - e.g. web search for RIAs
    - …
    ▪ Make sure that you understand the basic concepts first
    ▪ however, we might ask questions at any level of detail to evaluate
    your knowledge

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  20. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 20
    December 20, 2022
    Other Courses
    ▪ Specialisation: Data Management and Analytics (DAMA)
    ▪ Advanced Topics in Big Data (MA)
    ▪ seminar about recent developments in Big Data
    ▪ scalable data management and big data analytics
    ▪ graph processing and distributed query processing
    ▪ human-data interaction and human-in-the loop data processing
    ▪ information visualisation and data physicalisation
    ▪ Information Visualisation (MA)
    ▪ perception and colour theory
    ▪ representation of data (encoding of value/relation)
    ▪ presentation of data (visualisation techniques)
    ▪ interaction
    ▪ dashboards and case studies

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  21. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 21
    December 20, 2022
    Other Courses ...
    ▪ Next Generation User Interfaces (MA)
    ▪ interaction design
    ▪ multimodal interaction
    - theoretical concepts, fusion and fission, ...
    ▪ interactive tabletops and surfaces
    ▪ pen-based interaction
    ▪ gesture-based interaction
    ▪ tangible interaction, virtual reality
    and augmented reality

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  22. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 22
    December 20, 2022
    Are You Interested in a Thesis?
    ▪ Possibilities for BA, MA and PhD theses
    ▪ Mixed Reality Solutions
    - e.g. for museums, photography etc.
    ▪ Tangible User Interfaces
    ▪ Dynamic Data Physicalisation Framework
    - big data exploration interfaces
    ▪ MindXpres Presentation Platform
    ▪ Cross-Device and Cross-Media Interfaces
    ▪ Smart Environments and Cross-Domain Internet of Things (IoT)
    ▪ Hybrid Tracking and Implicit Human-Computer Interaction
    ▪ Personal Information Management (PIM)
    ▪ Interactive Paper Solutions
    ▪ Do you have your own ideas? Come along to discuss them...
    - https://beatsigner.com/flyers/ThesesOverview.pdf

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  23. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 23
    December 20, 2022
    References
    ▪ B. Signer, R. Roels, R. van Barlingen and
    B. Willems, Back to the Future: Bringing Original Hyper-
    media Concepts to Modern Desktop Environments, Pro-
    ceedings of Hypertext 2021, 32nd ACM Conference on
    Hypertext and Social Media, Virtual Event, August 2021
    ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_Hypertext2021.pdf

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  24. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 24
    December 20, 2022
    References …
    ▪ R. Roels and B. Signer, A Conceptual Framework
    and Content Model for Next Generation Presentation
    Solutions, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer
    Interaction (PACMHCI), 3(Issue EICS), June 2019
    ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_PACMHCI2019.pdf
    ▪ Tekla S. Perry, Augmented Reality in a Contact Lens: It’s
    the Real Deal, IEEE Spectrum
    ▪ https://spectrum.ieee.org/ar-in-a-contact-lens-its-the-real-deal
    ▪ Solid Project
    ▪ https://solidproject.org

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  25. 2 December 2005
    The End
    Good Luck with the Exam!

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