Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform

Google I/O Extended Incheon 2025에서 진행한 Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform의 Speaker Deck입니다.

Transcript

1. Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform HyunWoo Lee Android/React Native Engineer, Viva Republica(Toss) Organizer, GDG Korea Android/Kotlin User Groups Seoul Kotlin Multiplatform: Theory and Practice
2. 2023.12 GDG Devfest Incheon
3. Kotlin Multiplatform
4. Kotlin Multiplatform Is it stable?
5. Kotlin Multiplatform Is it widely used?
6. Kotlin Multiplatform
7. Google I/O Extended 25 Google Docs Google Docsח iOS ജ҃ীࢲ KMPܳ ഝਊೞҊ ੓णפ׮. ӝઓ ௏٘৬ ࠺Ү೮ਸ ٸ ࢿמ ର੉о ௼ѱ ա૑ ঋҊ য়൤۰ ੉੹ࠁ׮ ؊ જ਷ ҃਋ب ੓णפ׮.
8. Google I/O Extended 25 Juliana Chahoud ੷൞ח 55% о۝੄ ௏٘ܳ KMPܳ ഝਊೞৈ ҕਬೞҊ ੓णפ׮. ؋࠙ী ӝמ ѐߊਸ ೡ ٸ ড 40% ੿ب ࡈۄ૓ Ѫ эणפ׮. Sr Director of Engineering, StoneCo
9. Google I/O Extended 25 উ٘۽੉٘ ௏٘о ੘ࢿػ ࢚ടীࢲ ࡅܰѱ iOSীب ੸ਊೞӝ ਤ೧ ࠺ૉפझ ۽૒ਸ ҕਬೡ ࣻ ੓ח KMPܳ ଻ఖ೮णפ׮. Duolingo
10. Google I/O Extended 25 Advantage of KMP ֎੉౭࠳ ӝמਸ ࢿמ ੷ೞ হ੉ Ӓ؀۽ Virtual Machine ҅க੉ হয ੘ࢿػ ௏٘о ೒ۖಬ੄ ֎੉౭࠳ ௏٘۽ ஹ౵ੌؾפ׮. ੼૓੸ੋ ௏٘ ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌੉ оמ ֎੉౭࠳ ௏٘۽ ஹ౵ੌ غӝী ӝઓ ௏٘ب ഝਊೡ ࣻ ੓Ҋ ੉ܳ ഝਊ೧ࢲ ࠗ࠙ ੸ਊ, ੼૓੸ ੸ਊ੉ оמ೤פ׮. ௏٘ ੤ࢎਊࢿҗ ࢎਊ੗ ҃೷੄ ੌҙࢿ زੌೠ ௏٘߬੉झܳ ৈ۞ ೒ۖಬী ҕਬо оמೞৈ ௏٘ ੤ࢎਊࢿਸ ֫ੌ ࣻ ੓Ҋ ੉ী ٮۄ ೒ۖಬী ޖҙೞѱ زੌೠ ҃೷ਸ ઁҕೡ ࣻ ੓णפ׮.
11. Kotlin Multiplatform X Android Team
12. Google I/O Extended 25 01 ࢎਊ੗ীѱ “જ਷” ҃೷ਸ ઁҕ೧઴ ࣻ ੓যঠೠ׮. 02 ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ܳ ഝਊೠ জٜ੉ द੢ীࢲ જ਷ Ѿҗܳ ࠁৈ઻ঠ ೠ׮ 03 ೧׼ ӝࣿਸ ӝ߈ਵ۽ ࢿҕ੸ੋ ழܻযܳ ऺ਷ ੹ޙоٜ੉ ੓যঠೠ׮. Good Framework? KMPח ֎੉౭࠳ জٜҗ زੌೠ ࢿמਵ۽ ӝמਸ ҳഅೡ ࣻ ੓਺ ௏٘߬੉झܳ ҕਬೞҊ ѐߊ दрਸ ױ୷ೞৈ द੢ী ࡅܰҊ উ੿੸ਵ۽ ઁಿਸ ࢶࠁੌ ࣻ ੓਺ ӝઓ Kotlin, Android ੹ޙоٜਸ ഝਊೡ ࣻ ੓਺
13. Google I/O Extended 25 Android Jetpack for KMP
14. Google I/O Extended 25 Jetpack੄ KMPച? 800+ Jetpack ݽٕ іࣻ • ݽٚ Jetpack ۄ੉࠳۞ܻܳ KMP ੹ജदఃח Ѫ ਷ ࠺ബਯ੸੉׮. (Android ౠച ۄ੉࠳۞ܻب ઓ ੤ೣ) • ݽٚ KMP ۄ੉࠳۞ܻٜਸ ݽٚ ೒ۖಬী ૑ਗೡ ࣻ ੓ѱ ੘সೞח Ѫب दрബਯ੸੉૑ ঋ׮.
15. Google I/O Extended 25 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 • Android • JVM • iOS • macOS • Linux • watchOS • tvOS • Windows • WASM(Web)
16. Google I/O Extended 25 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 • CIীࢲ Unit Test, Device Test ࣻ೯ • ߡ੹ ੿଼ী ٮۄࢲ Binary compatibility ౟ېఊ • CIীࢲ Unit Test݅ ࣻ೯ • Binary Compatibility ࣻ೯ X • CI పझ౟ ࣻ೯ X • Binary Compatibility ࣻ೯ X
17. Google I/O Extended 25 Stable Commonized Alpha • Binary Compatibility ࠁ੢ • 1 tier ೒ۖಬীࢶ औѱ ా೤द ఆ ࣻ ੓਺ • Binary Compatibility ࠁ੢ • ࣻز Integration • ৈ੹൤ ѐߊ઺ • APIٜ੉ ߸҃ؼ ࣻ ੓਺
18. Google I/O Extended 25 • Binary Compatibility ࠁ੢ • ࣻز Integration
19. Google I/O Extended 25 Toolchain Contributions
20. Google I/O Extended 25 System Lint Productivity • Kotlin/Native ஹ౵ੌ۞ ੋ LLVM 16ਵ۽ ೱ࢚ • ࢜۽਍ ޙ੗ৌ ಴അ ҳഅ ߂ GC ࢿמ ೱ࢚ਵ۽ ۠ఋ੐ ࢿמ ߂ ݫݽܻ ࢎਊ۝ ѐࢶ • KMP ௏٘੄ ੿੸࠙ࢳਸ ਤ೧ Kotlin ఋѶ ؀࢚ਵ۽ Android Lint ૑ਗ • Binary compatibility tracking • AGP(Android Gradle Plugin) & KGP(Kotlin Gradle Plugin) API ా೤
21. Kotlin Multiplatform మ೒݁ ୭नച Android Studio
22. Kotlin Multiplatform మ೒݁ ୭नച Android Studio
23. Kotlin Multiplatform Shared Module మ೒݁ ୶о Android Studio
24. ӒܻҊ Gradle ௏٘ܳ झਸ਼ ࠁݶ Target? sourceSet? binaries? framework? kotlin { targets .filterIsInstance<KotlinNativeTarget>() .forEach { target -> target.binaries { framework { baseName = "Snup" isStatic = true } } } sourceSets { androidMain.dependencies { implementation(compose.preview) implementation(libs.androidx.activity.compose) } commonMain.dependencies { implementation(projects.feature.preview) implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel) implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtimeCompose) implementation(libs.androidx.navigation.compose) implementation(libs.kotlinx.serialization.json) } commonTest.dependencies { implementation(libs.kotlin.test) } } }
25. Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform Project
26. ӝࠄ੸ਵ۽ • App Module • ৈ۞ѐ੄ subproject(Library Module) ۽ ҳࢿؽ Android ೐۽ં౟ ҳࢿ
27. ೐۽ં౟ ௏٘ܳ ஹ౵ੌೡ ؀࢚ ఋѶਸ ࢶ঱ ࣗझ ௏٘ܳ ೒ۖಬ р ҕਬೡ ࣻ ੓ب۾ ҳࢿ Kotlin Multiplatform ೐۽ં౟ ҳࢿ
28. build.gradle plugins { id(“org.jetbrains.kotlin”) id(“com.android.library”) } android { … } kotlin { … }
29. build.gradle plugins { id(“org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform”) id(“com.android.kotlin.multiplatform.library”) } kotlin { … }
30. public fun org.gradle.api.Project.kotlin( configure: org.gradle.api.Action<org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl .KotlinAndroidProjectExtension> ): kotlin.Unit { /* compiled code */ }
31. public fun org.gradle.api.Project.kotlin( configure: org.gradle.api.Action<org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl .KotlinMultiplatformExtension> ): kotlin.Unit { /* compiled code */ }
32. • যڃ ೒ۖಬ੄ ই౭ಂ౟ܳ ࢤࢿೡ Ѫੋ૑ ੿ ੄ೞח Ѫ • ੐੄۽ ੉ܴਸ ࠢੌ ࣻب ੓Ҋ ೒ۖಬ ߹۽ ৈ ۞ѐ੄ ఋӥਸ ૑੿ೡ ࣻ ੓਺ Targets
33. • Kotlin Toolchainীࢲ ੿੄ؽ • ௏٘о جইоח प૕੸ੋ ജ҃ਸ ੿੄ • example) iOSSimulatorArm64 Platform
34. plugins { … } android { namespace = “io.google.extended.incheon” compileSdk = 35 // … } kotlin { … }
35. plugins { … } kotlin { androidLibrary { namespace = “io.google.extended.incheon” compileSdk = 35 } iosX64 { … } }
36. Google I/O Extended 25 https://www.jetbrains.com/help/kotlin-multiplatform-dev/ multiplatform-hierarchy.html#manual-configuration
37. • ஹ౵ੌ җ੿ীࢲ ୊ܻغח Kotlin ࣗझ ౵ੌ, ੄ઓࢿ, ܻࣗझ ҙ۲ ੿ࠁٜਸ ੿੄ೞח ҕр • ׮ܲ Source Setী ੄ઓ ҙ҅ܳ ࢸ੿೧ ௏٘ ܳ ҕਬೡ ࣻ ੓Ҋ ೙ਃೠ ҃਋ ੐੄੄ ழझథ ࣗझࣇਸ ੿੄ೡ ࣻ ੓਺ Source Sets
38. kotlin { sourceSets { commonMain.dependencies { … } wasmJsMain { dependencies { implementation(libs.kotlinx.immutable) } } val nonWasmJsMain by creating { dependsOn(commonMain.get()) } appleMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } desktopMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } androidMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } } }
39. kotlin { sourceSets { commonMain.dependencies { … } wasmJsMain { dependencies { implementation(libs.kotlinx.immutable) } } val nonWasmJsMain by creating { dependsOn(commonMain.get()) } appleMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } desktopMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) }
40. } val nonWasmJsMain by creating { dependsOn(commonMain.get()) } appleMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } desktopMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } androidMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } } }
41. val nonWasmJsMain by creating { dependsOn(commonMain.get()) } appleMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } desktopMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) } androidMain { dependsOn(nonWasmJsMain) }
42. Google I/O Extended 25 • ݽٕ ղীࢲ ࢶ঱ػ ݽٚ ݽٕীࢲ ࢎਊغח ҕా ௏٘ܳ ੘ࢿೞח ࣗझࣇੑפ׮. • ࢶ঱ػ ೒ۖಬী ஹ౵ੌ ؼ ࣻ ੓ח ௏٘ܳ ੘ࢿೡ ࣻ݅ ੓ਵݶ commonMainীࢲ ੘ࢿೡ ࣻ ੓णפ׮. • ݽٕী androidTarget, jvm݅ ࢸ੿೮׮ݶ, commonMainীࢲب jvm ఋѶ ௏٘ܳ ੘ࢿೡ ࣻ ੓णפ׮. What is “common”? Common਷ ఋѶب, ೒ۖಬب ইתפ׮.
43. Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform Publishing
44. Google I/O Extended 25 JAR/AAR • JVM & Android ؀࢚ • ӝઓҗ زੌೠ ߑध • Gradleীࢲ ࢎਊೣ Klib • JVM & Android ઁ৻ ఋѶ • Gradleীࢲ ࢎਊೣ XCFramework • iOS ੹ਊ Binary format • Cocoapods/SPM(Swift Package Manager) ഝਊ ೞৈ ࢎਊೡ ࣻ ੓਺ Binary formats
45. plugins { id(“maven-publish”) } group = “io.google.extended.incheon” version = “1.0.0” publishing { repositories { maven { … } } }
46. Understanding Kotlin Multiplatform Publishing - iOS
47. plugins { … } kotlin { // androidLibrary { … } iosX64 { binaries { framework { baseName = “NunuFramework” } } } build.gradle
48. Google I/O Extended 25 • ѐߊ઺ੌ ٸח ࠽٘ दী ѐߊ઺ੋ Shared Module(KMP Module)੄ ࠽٘ Ѿҗޛਸ জী ನೣೠ׮ • ߓನܳ ೡ ٸীח Gradleীࢲ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻܳ ࢎਊೞח Ѫ୊ۢ Cocoapods, Swift Package Managerীࢲ ׮਍߉ਸ ࣻ ੓ب۾ ৻ࠗ ࢲߡী ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ܳ ߓನ/ࢸ੿ೠ׮. ৈӝࢲ ՘ੌө? ઁ੘݅ ೧֬ও૑ iOS জী ֍૑ ঋও׮.
49. cd ${PROJECT_DIR}/path/to/project ./gradlew \ :yourSharedModule:embedAndSignAppleFram eworkForXcode Local Integration
50. Google I/O Extended 25 Swift Package Manager • Appleীࢲ ӂ੢ೞח Binary package ߓನ ҙܻ ߑध • അ੤ iOS ࢤక҅੄ Best Practice Apple੄ ҕध੸ੋ Package Manager
51. Google I/O Extended 25 Swift Package Manager • ./gradlew <your_shared>:assembleXCFramework • XCFrameworkܳ .zipਵ۽ ݅׮ • Github Release৬ э਷ ܻݽ౟ ജ҃ী ৢ۰֬ח׮ • Package.swift ౵ੌਸ ੘ࢿೠ׮ • ৻ࠗ ۨನ૑ఠܻী Package.swift ౵ੌਸ ޻য֍ח׮ How to deploy “framework”?
52. import PackageDescription let package = Package( name: “Nunu”, platforms: [ .iOS(.v14), ], products: [ … ], targets: [ .binaryTarget(name: “Nunu”, url: “<XCFramework ZIP ౵ੌ স۽٘ೠ ઱ࣗ>”, // swift package compute-checksum NunuExmaple ݺ۸য प೯ checksum: “<प೯ػ Ѿҗޛਸ ৈӝী ੑ۱>” ] ) Package.swift
53. Swift Package Manager
54. Google I/O Extended 25 CocoaPods • ੉޷ iOS ѐߊ੗ٜ੉ SPM੉ ইצ CocoaPodsਸ ࢎਊೞҊ ੓׮ݶ ଻ఖ оמ • Gradle DSL۽ب ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ ߓನо оמೣ ੉ઁח ҳध੉ ػ ࢲ٘౵౭ ಁః૑ ݒפ੷
55. Google I/O Extended 25 CocoaPods • CocoaPodsܳ ࢸ஖೤פ׮. • rvm install ruby x.y.z sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods • Gradleী CocoaPods ߓನ ҙ۲ ࢸ੿ਸ ੘ࢿ೤פ׮. • ./gradlew :{shared_module}:podPublishXCFramework How to deploy “framework”?
56. plugins { id(“org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods”) } cocoapods { specRepos { url(“{ߓನػ URL}”) } pod(“dependency”) } build.gradle
57. Summary
58. Google I/O Extended 25 CodeLab - Get Started with Kotlin Multiplatform CodeLab - Migrate existing apps to Room KMP
59. Google I/O Extended 25 ೞ߈ӝী Kotlin Multiplatform Compose Multiplatform Meetup ਸ ҅ദ઺ੑפ׮. Kotlin User Groups
60. Thank You HyunWoo Lee Android/React Native Engineer, Viva Republica(Toss) Organizer, GDG Korea Android/Kotlin User Groups Seoul Kotlin Multiplatform: Theory and Practice