Dependency Injection on iOS

Given at Mobile Warsaw meet up.

Transcript

1. Dependency Injection on iOS #iOSDI
2. @MaciejOczko #iOSDI
3. Why DIY Frameworks #iOSDI
4. ! #iOSDI
5. Tests #iOSDI
6. We all ❤ TDD #iOSDI
7. ! #iOSDI
8. ! #iOSDI
9. ⏰ #iOSDI
10. Code changes ! #iOSDI
11. Mind changes ! #iOSDI
12. Design changes ! #iOSDI
13. DI is the ! pattern while reacting to a change #iOSDI
14. Trust Driven Development? #iOSDI
15. ! #iOSDI
16. Why #iOSDI
17. Example 1 class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { _albumProvider = [[AlbumProvider alloc] initWithMusicService:[MusicService new] artistsProvider:[ArtistsProvider new]]; } } } #iOSDI
18. ! #iOSDI
19. Example 2 class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { self.musicService = [MusicService new]; self.artistsProvider = [ArtistsProvider new]; _albumProvider = [[AlbumProvider alloc] initWithMusicService:self.musicService artistsProvider:self.artistsProvider]; } } } #iOSDI
20. ! #iOSDI
21. Example 3 class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { _albumProvider = [AlbumProvider sharedInstance]; } } } #iOSDI
22. Example 3 continues... class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (Soundtrack *)theBestSoundtrackEver { NSArray<Album *> *allAlbums = [[AlbumProvider sharedInstance] allAlbums]; ... return [Soundtrack withSongs: bestSongsEver]; } } #iOSDI
23. ! #iOSDI
24. ! #iOSDI
25. Solution class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (instancetype)initWithAlbumProvider:(id <AlbumProvider>)albumProvider { self = [super init]; if (self) { _albumProvider = albumProvider; } } } #iOSDI
26. Solution continues... 1 class MusicAdvisor: NSObject { - (instancetype)initWithAlbumProvider:(id <AlbumProvider>)albumProvider { self = [super init]; if (self) { _albumProvider = albumProvider; } } } 2 id <AlbumProvider> albumProvider = [AlbumProvider new]; MusicAdvisor *musicAdvisor = [MusicAdvisor new]; musicAdviser.albumProvider = albumProvider; #iOSDI
27. Initializer approach » Immutability » Clear interface #iOSDI
28. ! #iOSDI
29. Benefits » Easier to test classes » Tight-coupling removed » Promotes composition and separation of concepts #iOSDI
30. DIY #iOSDI
31. Strategies 1.Pass objects around 2.Develop application context #iOSDI
32. App context usage @implementation AppDelegate - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { self.window.rootViewController = [self.appContext rootViewController]; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; } ... @end #iOSDI
33. App context implementation @implementation AppContext ... - (AlbumsDataSource *)albumsDataSourceWithHTTPClient:(id <HTTPClient>)httpClient { return [[AlbumsDataSource alloc] initWithHTTPClient:httpClient]; } - (AlbumsViewController *)rootViewController { AlbumsDataSource *dataSource = [self albumsDataSourceWithHTTPClient:[self httpClient]]; AlbumsViewController *albumsViewController = [[AlbumsViewController alloc] initWithDataSource:dataSource]; albumsViewController.appContext = self; return albumsViewController; } @end #iOSDI
34. App context usage @implementation AlbumsViewController ... - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { ... AlbumDetailsViewController *advc = [self.appContext albumDetailsViewContorllerWithAlbum:album]; [self presentViewController:advc animated:YES completion:nil]; } @end #iOSDI
35. ! #iOSDI
36. Frame works #iOSDI
37. Objection Typhoon #iOSDI
38. Objection » Lightweight » "Annotation" Based Dependency Injection » Bindings » Lazily instantiates dependencies » Eager Singletons » Initializer Support #iOSDI
39. Key concepts » Injector » Module #iOSDI
40. Usage @interface MusicAdvisor @property(nonatomic, strong, readonly) AlbumProvider *albumProvider; @end @implementation MusicAdvisor objection_requires_sel(@selector(albumProvider)) - (void)awakeFromObjection { // Initialize with injected properties } @end #iOSDI
41. Usage JSObjectionInjector *injector = [JSObjection createInjector]; MusicAdvisor *musicAdvisor = [injection getObject:[MusicAdvisor class]]; #iOSDI
42. Advanced usage @interface MyModule : JSObjectionModule @end @implementation MyModule - (void)configure { [self bindClass:[AlbumProvider class] toProtocol:@protocol(AlbumProvider)]; [self bindProvider:[MusicAdvisorProvider new] toClass:[MusicAdvisor class]]; [self bindBlock:^(JSObjectionInjector *context) { // Manual creation return soundTrack; } toClass:[Soundtrack class]]; [self bindClass:[MusicAdvisor class] inScope:JSObjectionScopeSingleton]; } @end #iOSDI
43. Advanced usage JSObjectionInjector *injector = [JSObjection createInjector:[MyModule new]]; MusicAdvisor *musicAdvisor = [injection getObject:[MusicAdvisor class]]; #iOSDI
44. Try it » Lightweight » Simple » Flexbile #iOSDI
45. ... or not? » Lightweight » Not Swift friendly » Property injection approach » Invasive #iOSDI
46. Typhoon » All Objection's features » Life-cycle management » Circular dependecies support » Refactorable » Storyboard integration » Swift support #iOSDI
47. Key concepts » Assembly » Definition #iOSDI
48. Usage class MusicAssembly: TyphoonAssembly { public dynamic func albumProvider() -> AnyObject { return TyphoonDefinition.withClass(AlbumProvider.self) } ... } #iOSDI
49. Usage let assembly = MusicAssembly().activate() let albumProvider = assembly.albumProvider() as! AlbumProvider #iOSDI
50. Usage class MusicAssembly: TyphoonAssembly { public dynamic func albumProvider() -> AnyObject { return TyphoonDefinition.withClass(AlbumProvider.self) } public dynamic func musicAdvisor() -> AnyObject { return TyphoonDefinition.withClass(MusicAdvisor.self) { definition in definition.useInitializer("initWithAlbumProvider:") { initializer in initializer.injectParameterWith(self.albumProvider()) } definition.injectProperty("soundTrackComposer", self.soundtrackComposer()) definition.injectProperty("assembly") // definition.scope = TyphoonScope.Singleton } } } #iOSDI
51. Usage let assembly = MusicAssembly().activate() let musicAdvisor = assembly.musicAdvisor() as! MusicAdvisor #iOSDI
52. Advanced usage public class MusicAssembly: TyphoonAssembly { public var themesAssembly: ThemesAssembly! public dynamic func musicAdvisor(albumProvier: AlbumProvider) -> AnyObject { return TyphoonDefinition.withClass(MusicAdvisor.self) { definition in definition.useInitializer("initWithAlbumProvider:themesComposer:") { initializer in initializer.injectParameterWith(albumProvider) initializer.injectParameterWith(self.themesAssembly.defaultComposer) } } } public dynamic func appDelegate() -> AnyObject { return TyphoonDefinition.withClass(AppDelegate.self) { (definition) in definition.injectProperty("musicAdvisor", with: self.musicAdvisor()) definition.injectProperty("rootViewController", with: RootViewController()) definition.injectProperty("assembly") } } ... } #iOSDI
53. Advanced usage @UIApplicationMain class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate { var musicAdvisor: MusicAdvisor? var rootViewController: RootViewController? var assemby: MusicAssembly? func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool { // Actiation via Info.plist - InitialTyphoonAssemblies self.window?.rootViewController = self.rootViewController self.musicAdvisor?.adviseMe() { [unowned self] music in let musicPlayer = self.assembly.musicPlayer(music: music) ... } return true } } #iOSDI
54. Cons » May seem overwhelming » Complex » Learning curve #iOSDI
55. Pros » Configurable » Promotes initializer-injection » Non-invasive » Supports testing » Supports Swift #iOSDI
56. Recap » Dependency injection is powerful pattern » To learn it, build your own injection mechanism » There are frameworks to help you » Objection » Typhoon #iOSDI
57. Thanks! @MaciejOczko #iOSDI