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Make your site fully accessible

Make your site fully accessible

What are the levels and principles of websites accessibility? Who is the target audience of accessibility functionality?
The presentation contains lots of advices about achieving the highest accessibility level and contains techniques of both automated and manual testing.

MacPaw Tech Talks

November 14, 2019
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  1. What is accessibility? Accessibility is the practice of making your

    websites usable by as many people as possible.
  2. “If an organization’s web product is not accessible to a

    disabled person, that person may have grounds for making a claim against the organization under the Equality Act 2010 or the Disability Discrimination Act 1995” BSI Group
  3. Section 508 Its purpose is to “…require Federal agencies to

    make their electronic and information technology (EIT) accessible to people with disabilities.”
  4. • Visual disabilities: total blindness low vision color blindness •

    Auditory disabilities: partial or total inability to perceive sounds
  5. • Visual disabilities: total blindness low vision color blindness •

    Auditory disabilities: partial or total inability to perceive sounds • Mobile disabilities: cerebral palsy neuromuscular disorders or paralysis
  6. • Visual disabilities: total blindness low vision color blindness •

    Auditory disabilities: partial or total inability to perceive sounds • Mobile disabilities: cerebral palsy neuromuscular disorders or paralysis • Cognitive disabilities: have difficulty thinking and remembering (dyslexia)
  7. • People using mobile phones, smart watches, smart TVs, and

    other devices with small screens, different input modes, etc.
  8. • People using mobile phones, smart watches, smart TVs, and

    other devices with small screens, different input modes, etc. • Older people with changing abilities due to ageing
  9. • People using mobile phones, smart watches, smart TVs, and

    other devices with small screens, different input modes, etc. • Older people with changing abilities due to ageing • People with “temporary disabilities” such as a broken arm or lost glasses
  10. • People using mobile phones, smart watches, smart TVs, and

    other devices with small screens, different input modes, etc. • Older people with changing abilities due to ageing • People with “temporary disabilities” such as a broken arm or lost glasses • People with “situational limitations” such as in bright sunlight or in an environment where they cannot listen to audio
  11. • People using mobile phones, smart watches, smart TVs, and

    other devices with small screens, different input modes, etc. • Older people with changing abilities due to ageing • People with “temporary disabilities” such as a broken arm or lost glasses • People with “situational limitations” such as in bright sunlight or in an environment where they cannot listen to audio • People using a slow Internet connection
  12. Sites with the least number of accessibility errors Sites with

    the most accessibility errors • .de (Germany) • .uk (United Kingdom) • .jp (Japan) • .nl (Netherlands) • .edu (U.S.-based education institutions) • .au (Australia) • .ca (Canada) • .cn (China) • .ru (Russia) • .pl (Poland) • .br (Brazil) • .it (Italy) • .es (Spain)
  13. Benefits with accessible sites • Semantic HTML, which improves accessibility,

    also improves SEO, making your site more findable.
  14. Benefits with accessible sites • Semantic HTML, which improves accessibility,

    also improves SEO, making your site more findable. • Caring about accessibility demonstrates good ethics and morals, which improves your public image.
  15. Benefits with accessible sites • Semantic HTML, which improves accessibility,

    also improves SEO, making your site more findable. • Caring about accessibility demonstrates good ethics and morals, which improves your public image. • Make your site more usable by other groups, such as mobile phone users or those on low network speed.
  16. Use correct HTML for structure and CSS for layout •

    <article> • <aside> • <footer> • <header> • <main> • <nav> • <section> • <summary>
  17. Add ARIA attributes • aria-label • aria-labelledby • aria-describedby •

    aria-required (state) • aria-hidden (state) • aria-valuemax • aria-valuemin • aria-valuenow • aria-valuetext • aria-disabled (state) • aria-expanded(state) • aria-haspopup(state) • aria-modal(state) • aria-multiselectable • aria-dropeffect • aria-dragged • aria-orientation
  18. Include proper alt text for images <img src=”images/car.png”> <img src=”images/car.png”

    alt=””> <img src=”images/car.png” alt=”Laptop”> <img src=”images/car.png” alt=”Blue car on the road”>
  19. Give your links unique and descriptive names with underline <p><a

    href="/about">Click here</a> to read more about our company</p> <p><a href="/about" title="Google - about us page">Click here</a> to read more about our company</p> <p><a href="/about" aria-label="Google - about us page">Click here</a> to read more about our company</p> <p>To learn more about our company read <a href="/about">About Us</a></p>
  20. How to test accessibility? - aXe Chrome extension - Contrast

    Ratio - High Contrast Extension - Web Developer Extension - WAVE Web Accessibility Tool - Accessibility Checklist - VoiceOver for Mac - NVDA for Windows
  21. Useful links Web Content Accessibility Guidelines A11ycasts by Google Chrome

    Developers Web accessibility in mind WDN Accessibility