since the advent of the WWW; 100 billion identifiable objects connected to the Internet by 2020; human understanding of the underlying technologies not kept pace (Top Trends for 2013, IEEE Computer Society) 雲端計算: International Data Corporation (IDC) has predicted a 130% increase in cloud computing by 2016, meaning an increase to $43 billion (IDC); Cloud Computing in Science and Engineering; Mobile Computing Meets the Cloud (Top Trends for 2013, IEEE Computer Society) 3