How Vector Maps Work (2019)

Transcript

1. how
   vector maps
   work
   Vladimir Agafonkin
   

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3. April 2008
   

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4. a typical GIS talk
   

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5. rain.in.ua
   

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6. so I’m doing maps now,
   how hard could this be?
   

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8. maps huh?
   •a bunch of square pictures
   •drag them with a mouse
   •put some icons on top
   

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9. PFF
   

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10. Let’s build a
    mapping library
    from scratch!
    

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11. no way you could do that
    

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13. creating a web map in 2008
    

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15. You’re wasting time
    

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17. building from scratch;
    didn’t tell anyone
    

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19. Web Maps Lite
    

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22. born as a protest against
    bloat, clutter and complexity
    

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33. the number one mapping
    library in the world*
    *because the guy didn’t know shit about maps
    

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34. •extremely lightweight and simple
    •extremely easy to get started
    •huge community, tons of plugins
    •stable as a mountain
    •works everywhere (i.e. legacy browsers)
    

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35. raster tiles era
    

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36. OpenLayers
    

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37. • maps as background
    • mostly static
    • top-down, north-oriented
    • a rigid set of zoom levels
    • some simple vectors/icons on top
    • conceptually the same as 14 years ago
    Web maps status quo:
    

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40. Mapbox vision for maps:
    living, breathing, fluid, rich, powerful experiences
    that make you feel connected to the world
    Games did it for decades; why not maps?
    

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41. Evolution of The Elder Scrolls
    2002 2006 2011
    

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42. Evolution of web maps
    2002 2006 2011
    

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44. Digital maps before:
    exclusively web tech
    Digital maps now:
    native mobile apps + web
    

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45. Browsers before:
    display a bunch of text and images
    Browsers now:
    anything is possible
    

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46. vector
    maps
    raster
    maps
    

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47. let’s build a
    vector maps platform
    from scratch!
    

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55. vector
    maps era
    

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56. maps.me
    

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57. why
    vector maps?
    

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58. smooth zoom
    and rotation
    

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61. 3D features
    

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65. full control over
    data presentation
    in real time
    

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68. any object on the
    map can be
    interactive
    

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71. data-driven styling
    

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74. real-time
    data analysis
    

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76. mourner.github.io/
    road-orientation-map
    

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77. performance:
    rendering millions
    of features
    

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80. visual
    map editor
    

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81. mapbox.com/studio
    

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90. less bandwidth
    

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91. simulation
    vs
    cartography?
    

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94. github.com/mapbox/
    mapbox-gl-js (JS)
    github.com/mapbox/
    mapbox-gl-native (C++14)
    iOS, Android, QT, Node,
    OSX, Linux, Windows
    

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97. why isn’t WebGL
    everywhere yet?
    

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98. Let’s build something with OpenGL!
    

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99. OpenGL — 3D API?
    

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100. OpenGL is a
     low-level 2D API
     

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102. OpenGL:
     a technology for
     drawing triangles
     really fast
     

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104. drawing
     lines
     

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106. anti-aliasing
     

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107. 6 triangles
     

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108. vertex attributes
     

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109. 2 triangles
     

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110. line joins & line caps
     

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112. drawing
     polygons
     

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113. drawing polygons
     

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114. github.com/mapbox/earcut (JS)
     github.com/mapbox/earcut.hpp (C++)
     

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115. drawing text
     

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116. font textures
     

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117. unicode-intervals
     /Arial Regular/0-255.pbf
     /Arial Regular/256-511.pbf
     /Arial Regular/512-767.pbf
     

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119. SDF
     signed distance
     fields
     

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123. github.com/mapbox/potpack
     

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124. mapbox/tiny-sdf
     

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125. mapbox/
     mapbox-gl-rtl-text
     icu4c
     C + Emscripten = JavaScript
     coming soon: WebAssembly
     

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126. placing labels
     

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128. mourner/rbush
     mourner/rbush-knn
     mourner/kdbush
     mourner/flatbush
     mourner/geokdbush
     mourner/geoflatbush
     

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129. loading and
     processing data
     

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130. mapbox/pbf (JS)
     mapbox/protozero (C++)
     

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131. 6-7 times faster
     than JSON.parse
     Protocol Buffers:
     3-4 times smaller
     than JSON (gzip)
     

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132. github.com/mapbox/
     vector-tile-spec
     

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133. mapbox/geojson-vt (JS)
     mapbox/geojson-vt-cpp (C++)
     

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134. mapbox/supercluster (JS)
     mapbox/supercluster-hpp (C++)
     

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135. mapbox/polylabel (JS, C++)
     

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136. main thread (UI)
     processing
     loading data
     web workers
     processing
     loading data
     processing
     loading data
     

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137. continuous
     testing
     

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138. 1082 render tests
     

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139. mapbox/pixelmatch (JS)
     mapbox/pixelmatch-cpp (C++)
     

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140. AppVeyor
     

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141. hey, what’s there
     on the server side?
     

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143. the essence of
     software engineering is
     mitigation of complexity
     

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144. vastly bigger scope,
     same goal:
     let people build
     amazing maps
     

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145. Díky moc!
     agafonkin.com
     

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