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How Vector Maps Work (2019)
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Vladimir Agafonkin
April 08, 2019
Programming
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How Vector Maps Work (2019)
Vladimir Agafonkin
April 08, 2019
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Transcript
how vector maps work Vladimir Agafonkin
None
April 2008
a typical GIS talk
rain.in.ua
so I’m doing maps now, how hard could this be?
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maps huh? •a bunch of square pictures •drag them with
a mouse •put some icons on top
PFF
Let’s build a mapping library from scratch!
no way you could do that
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creating a web map in 2008
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You’re wasting time
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building from scratch; didn’t tell anyone
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Web Maps Lite
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born as a protest against bloat, clutter and complexity
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the number one mapping library in the world* *because the
guy didn’t know shit about maps
•extremely lightweight and simple •extremely easy to get started •huge
community, tons of plugins •stable as a mountain •works everywhere (i.e. legacy browsers)
raster tiles era
OpenLayers
• maps as background • mostly static • top-down, north-oriented
• a rigid set of zoom levels • some simple vectors/icons on top • conceptually the same as 14 years ago Web maps status quo:
None
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Mapbox vision for maps: living, breathing, fluid, rich, powerful experiences
that make you feel connected to the world Games did it for decades; why not maps?
Evolution of The Elder Scrolls 2002 2006 2011
Evolution of web maps 2002 2006 2011
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Digital maps before: exclusively web tech Digital maps now: native
mobile apps + web
Browsers before: display a bunch of text and images Browsers
now: anything is possible
vector maps raster maps
let’s build a vector maps platform from scratch!
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vector maps era
maps.me
why vector maps?
smooth zoom and rotation
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3D features
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full control over data presentation in real time
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any object on the map can be interactive
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data-driven styling
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real-time data analysis
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mourner.github.io/ road-orientation-map
performance: rendering millions of features
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visual map editor
mapbox.com/studio
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less bandwidth
simulation vs cartography?
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github.com/mapbox/ mapbox-gl-js (JS) github.com/mapbox/ mapbox-gl-native (C++14) iOS, Android, QT, Node,
OSX, Linux, Windows
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why isn’t WebGL everywhere yet?
Let’s build something with OpenGL!
OpenGL — 3D API?
OpenGL is a low-level 2D API
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OpenGL: a technology for drawing triangles really fast
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drawing lines
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anti-aliasing
6 triangles
vertex attributes
2 triangles
line joins & line caps
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drawing polygons
drawing polygons
github.com/mapbox/earcut (JS) github.com/mapbox/earcut.hpp (C++)
drawing text
font textures
unicode-intervals /Arial Regular/0-255.pbf /Arial Regular/256-511.pbf /Arial Regular/512-767.pbf
None
SDF signed distance fields
None
None
None
github.com/mapbox/potpack
mapbox/tiny-sdf
mapbox/ mapbox-gl-rtl-text icu4c C + Emscripten = JavaScript coming soon:
WebAssembly
placing labels
None
mourner/rbush mourner/rbush-knn mourner/kdbush mourner/flatbush mourner/geokdbush mourner/geoflatbush
loading and processing data
mapbox/pbf (JS) mapbox/protozero (C++)
6-7 times faster than JSON.parse Protocol Buffers: 3-4 times smaller
than JSON (gzip)
github.com/mapbox/ vector-tile-spec
mapbox/geojson-vt (JS) mapbox/geojson-vt-cpp (C++)
mapbox/supercluster (JS) mapbox/supercluster-hpp (C++)
mapbox/polylabel (JS, C++)
main thread (UI) processing loading data web workers processing loading
data processing loading data
continuous testing
1082 render tests
mapbox/pixelmatch (JS) mapbox/pixelmatch-cpp (C++)
AppVeyor
hey, what’s there on the server side?
None
the essence of software engineering is mitigation of complexity
vastly bigger scope, same goal: let people build amazing maps
Díky moc! agafonkin.com