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정보시각화란 무엇인가 - D3.js가 시각화에 있어서 중요한 이유

nacyot
November 13, 2015

정보시각화란 무엇인가 - D3.js가 시각화에 있어서 중요한 이유

정보시각화란 무엇인가 - D3.js가 시각화에 있어서 중요한 이유
데이터그램 시각화 기초 Part5 10회차(2015. 11. 13.)

nacyot http://blog.nacyot.com

모임 정보 https://www.facebook.com/events/882080638554575/

이전에 발표했던 "시각화 디자인 - 회화를 넘어 규칙 디자인으로" https://speakerdeck.com/nacyot/sigaghwa-dijain-hoehwareul-neomeo-gyucig-dijaineuro 를 보완한 발표.

정보시각화는 일반적으로 통계학과 디자인, 그리고 프로그래밍 교집합이나 그 사이의 어디 쯤에 있는 것으로 여겨지곤 한다. 이 발표에서는 교집합으로서의 시각화가 아닌, 즉 데이터를 다루는 통계학도 아니며, 시각적 표현을 다루는 디자인도 아니고, 이러한 것들을 구현하는 프로그래밍도 아닌 정보시각화 자체로서의 정보시각화를 이야기한다.

막대 그래프, 산포도와 같은 일반적인 차트로부터 D3.js에 이르기 까지 시각화 고유의 영토를 좀 더 정교하게 경계짓고, D3.js가 이러한 맥락 위에서 왜 중요한 지를 다룬다.

nacyot

November 13, 2015
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  1. WikiWiki • c2.com - Graph Viz • moinmoin • moniwiki

    ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 9
  2. ݅ചо ૑ب(2007) ࢸޙઑࢎ ӝ߈ э੉ ঱әػ ݅ചо Graphviz HTML -

    ೞ੉ಌ݂௼ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 10
  3. Information Visualization Information visualization or information visualisation is the study

    of (interactive) visual representations of abstract data to reinforce human cognition. The abstract data include both numerical and non-numerical data, such as text and geographic information Wikipedia - Information Visualization ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 31
  4. ੿ࠁदпച ੿ࠁदпചח ࢎۈ੄ ੋ૑ܳ ഛ੢ೡ ࣻ ੓ѱ ೧઱ח ୶࢚ ੸

    ؘ੉ఠ੄ (ੋఠ۩౭࠳ೠ) दп੸ ಴അী ؀ೠ োҳ੉׮. ੉ ٸ ୶࢚੸ ؘ੉ఠח ࣻ஖੸ੋ ؘ੉ఠ৬ ఫझ౟ա ૑ܻ ੿ࠁ৬ э਷ ࠺ࣻ஖੸ ؘ੉ఠܳ ݽف ನೣೠ׮. ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 32
  5. ੿ࠁदпച ੿ࠁदпചח ࢎۈ੄ ੋ૑ܳ ഛ੢ೡ ࣻ ੓ѱ ೧઱ח ୶࢚ ੸

    ؘ੉ఠ੄ (ੋఠ۩౭࠳ೠ) दп੸ ಴അী ؀ೠ োҳ੉׮. ੉ ٸ ୶࢚੸ ؘ੉ఠח ࣻ஖੸ੋ ؘ੉ఠ৬ ఫझ౟ա ૑ܻ ੿ࠁ৬ э਷ ࠺ࣻ஖੸ ؘ੉ఠܳ ݽف ನೣೠ׮. ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 33
  6. Ӓی٘ ੗౟ ࢻ੄ ੌਃੌ য়റ Un dimanche après-midi à l'Île

    de la Grande Jatte ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 46
  7. Exports & Imports to and from all NORTH-AMERICA William Playfair

    ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 53
  8. ా҅੸ Ӓې೐੄ ੗زࢿ We cannot change the location of a

    point or the color of an object (assuming these are data- representing attributes) without lying about our data and violating the purpose of the statistical graphic to represent data accurately and appropriately. Consequently, the core of a graphics system must rest on specification. — The Grammar of Graphics 6p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 65
  9. ా҅੸ Ӓې೐੄ ੗زࢿ ਋ܻח ӝ੷੄ ؘ੉ఠܳ ߸҃दఃѢա ؘ੉ఠܳ ੿ഛೞҊ ੸੺ೞѱ

    ಴അ೧ঠೠ׮ח ా҅੸ Ӓې೗੄ ݾ੸ਸ ߓ߈ೞ ૑ ঋח ೠ, ੼ٜ੄ ਤ஖ա ё୓੄ ࢝(੉۞ೠ ਃٜࣗ਷ ؘ ੉ఠܳ ಴അೞח ࣘࢿٜ੉ۄח о੿ೞী)ٜਸ ߄Ե ࣻ হ ׮. ٮۄࢲ Ӓې೗ दझమ੄ ೨ब਷ झಖ(specification)ী ੓׮. — The Grammar of Graphics 6p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 66
  10. ా҅੸ Ӓې೐ܳ ߸ചदఃח ߑߨ 1. ӝ੷੄ ؘ੉ఠܳ ߸҃ 2. ా҅੸

    Ӓې೗੄ ݾ੸ਸ ߓ߈ೠ׮ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 67
  11. ా҅੸ Ӓې೐੄ ੗زࢿ ਋ܻח ӝ੷੄ ؘ੉ఠܳ ߸҃दఃѢա ؘ੉ఠܳ ੿ഛೞҊ ੸੺ೞѱ

    ಴അ೧ঠೠ׮ח ా҅੸ Ӓې೗੄ ݾ੸ਸ ߓ߈ೞ ૑ ঋח ೠ, ੼ٜ੄ ਤ஖ա ё୓੄ ࢝(੉۞ೠ ਃٜࣗ਷ ؘ ੉ఠܳ ಴അೞח ࣘࢿٜ੉ۄח о੿ೞী)ٜਸ ߄Ե ࣻ হ ׮. ٮۄࢲ Ӓې೗ दझమ੄ ೨ब਷ झಖ(specification)ী ੓׮. — The Grammar of Graphics 6p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 91
  12. ా҅੸ Ӓې೐੄ ੗زࢿ ਋ܻח ӝ੷੄ ؘ੉ఠܳ ߸҃दఃѢա ؘ੉ఠܳ ੿ഛೞҊ ੸੺ೞѱ

    ಴അ೧ঠೠ׮ח ా҅੸ Ӓې೗੄ ݾ੸ਸ ߓ߈ೞ ૑ ঋח ೠ, ੼ٜ੄ ਤ஖ա ё୓੄ ࢝(੉۞ೠ ਃٜࣗ਷ ؘ ੉ఠܳ ಴അೞח ࣘࢿٜ੉ۄח о੿ೞী)ٜਸ ߄Ե ࣻ হ ׮. ٮۄࢲ Ӓې೗ दझమ੄ ೨ब਷ झಖ(specification) ী ੓׮. — The Grammar of Graphics 6p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 92
  13. ৵ दпചח ഥചо ইצо 1. ಴അೞח ؀࢚੉ ׮ܰ׮ 2. ؘ੉ఠী

    ੄೧ ੗ز੸ਵ۽ Ӓ۰૓׮ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 99
  14. ؘ੉ఠ1 + ର౟ ೣࣻ = Ӓې೐1 ؘ੉ఠ2 + ର౟ ೣࣻ

    = Ӓې೐2 ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 102
  15. ؘ੉ఠ1 + ର౟ ೣࣻ = Ӓې೐1 ؘ੉ఠ2 + ର౟ ೣࣻ

    = Ӓې೐2 ؘ੉ఠ3 + ର౟ ೣࣻ = Ӓې೐3 ؘ੉ఠ4 + ର౟ ೣࣻ = Ӓې೐4 ... ؘ੉ఠx + ର౟ ೣࣻ = Ӓې೐x ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 103
  16. ର౟ ੌ߈੸੉Ҋ ੿ഋചػ ӏ஗ ૘೤ ޷ܻ ٣੗ੋػ ӏ஗૘೤ ೐۽Ӓ۔ীࢲ ઱য૑ח

    ӏ஗૘೤ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 118
  17. Spec, Spec Spec, Spec Spec, Spec Spec, Spec Spec, Spec

    Spec, Spec ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 120
  18. Rules, Rules Rules, Rules Rules, Rules Rules, Rules Rules, Rules

    Rules, Rules ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 121
  19. ର౟ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ ର౟ ૑ਗ ೐۽Ӓ۔ п ର౟ ఋੑ਷ Ӓې೐ܳ ࢤࢿೞח

    ೞա੄ ӏ஗૘೤ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 122
  20. Ӓې೗੄ ޙߨ(1) Grammar makes language expressive. A language consisting of

    words and no grammar (statement = word) expresses only as many ideas as there are words. By specifying how words are combined in statements, a grammar expands a language’s scope. — Leland Wilkinson The Grammar of Graphics 1p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 124
  21. Ӓې೗੄ ޙߨ(1) ޙߨ਷ ঱য੄ ಴അਸ ೂࠗೞѱ ݅ٚ׮. ױয݅ ੓Ҋ ޙߨ

    ੉ হח ঱যо ੓׮ݶ(૊, ױযо ҍ ޙ੢), য়૒ ױযо ઓ੤ೞח ݅ఀ੄ ই੉٣য݅ਸ ಴അೡ ࣻ ੓ਸ Ѫ੉׮. ޙ ੢ উীࢲ ױযо যڌѱ ҳࢿغח ૑ܳ ӏ੿ೣਵ۽ࢲ, ޙ ߨ਷ ঱য੄ ߧਤܳ ഛ੢ೠ׮. — Leland Wilkinson The Grammar of Graphics 1p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 125
  22. Ӓې೗੄ ޙߨ(2) This book is about grammatical rules for creating

    perceivable graphs, or what we call graphics. The grammar of graphics takes us beyond a limited set of charts (words) to an almost unlimited world of graphical forms (statements). — Leland Wilkinson The Grammar of Graphics 1p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 126
  23. Ӓې೗੄ ޙߨ(2) ੉ ଼਷ ੋ૑ೡ ࣻ ੓ח Ӓې೐ա ਋ܻо Ӓې೗੉ۄҊ

    ࠗ ܰח Ѫਸ ٜ݅ӝ ਤೠ ޙߨ੸ ӏ஗ী ҙೠ ଼੉׮. Ӓې೗ ੄ ޙߨ਷ ਋ܻܳ ઁೠػ ઙܨ੄ ର౟ٜ(ױয)۽ࠗఠ Ѣ੄ ޖೠೠ Ӓې೗ ഋక(ޙ੢)੄ ࣁ҅۽ ؘ۰т Ѫ੉׮. — Leland Wilkinson The Grammar of Graphics 1p ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 127
  24. ର౟੄ ೠ҅ ױয੸ ࣁ҅ ݄؀ Ӓې೐, ਗ Ӓې೐, ԃ਷ࢶ Ӓې೐,

    ־੸ ݄؀Ӓې೐, ۨ੉؊ ର౟, ࢑ನب, ࢚੗ ࣻ৏ Ӓ۔, ಣ೯ Ӓې೐, ൤झ ఠӒ۔, ࢚ನష ೯۳, 3ରਗ ݄؀Ӓې೐, о۽ ݄؀ Ӓې ೐, ৔৉ Ӓې೐, ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 129
  25. GPL • The Grammar of Graphics੄ ੉ۿীࢲ ࢎਊ • SPSSী

    पઁ ੘زೞח ҳഅ੉ ੓਺ • Ӓې೗੄ ޙߨਸ ӝࣿೞӝ ਤೠ Ҋਬ੄ ޙߨ • Ҋࣻળ ࢶ঱੸ ঱য(ਃࣗܳ ૒੽ Ӓܻ૑ ঋ਺) ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 132
  26. How to make a pie The Grammar of Graphics 23p

    ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 133
  27. From data to graphic The Grammar of Graphics 24p ੿ࠁदпച

    Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 134
  28. GPL - scatter plot SOURCE: s = userSource(id("Employeedata")) DATA: salbegin=col(source(s),

    name("salbegin")) DATA: salary=col(source(s), name("salary")) GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Current Salary")) GUIDE: axis(dim(1), label("Beginning Salary")) ELEMENT: point(position(salbegin*salary)) GPL Reference Guide for IBM SPSS Statistics ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 135
  29. GPL - scatter plot? SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset")) DATA: BAORHIGHER=col(source(s), name("BAORHIGHER")) DATA:

    OBESITY=col(source(s), name("OBESITY")) DATA: StateAbbr=col(source(s), name("StateAbbr"), unit.category()) GUIDE: axis(dim(1), label("% BA or Higher")) GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("% Obese")) ELEMENT: point(position(BAORHIGHER*OBESITY), label(StateAbbr), size(0)) Andrew Wheeler - Labeling tricks in SPSS plots ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 138
  30. definition of scatter diagram a two-dimensional graph in rectangular coordinates

    consisting of points whose coordinates represent values of two variables under study Merriam-Webster scatter diagram ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 142
  31. definition of scatter diagram a two-dimensional graph in rectangular coordinates

    consisting of points whose coordinates represent values of two variables under study Merriam-Webster scatter diagram ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 143
  32. scatter plot ੿੄ী ੼ਵ۽ ಴അೠ׮ח ੄޷о ನೣ ؀ࠗ࠙੄ ର౟ח ੉

    ੿੄ী ୽प ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 144
  33. ױ, GPL਷ Ѣ੄ ࢎਊغ૑ ঋ਺ पҳഅ੉ ੓׮Ҋח ೞա, ইޖب ݽܴ

    അ੤ पઁ۽ ࢎਊоמೠ૑ب ࠛైݺ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 146
  34. ggplot2ীࢲ ࢑ನب Ӓܻӝ (1) > dataset = data.frame(x=runif(100)*99, y=runif(100)*99) >

    head(dataset) # x y # 1 0.6458447 67.28732 # 2 13.53177 76.61337 # 3 74.25634 50.06963 # 4 0.01905423 80.6326 # 5 31.17823 86.01166 # 6 75.63284 34.53802 ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 149
  35. ggplot2ীࢲ ࢑ನب Ӓܻӝ (2) ggplot(dataset, aes(x = x, y =

    y)) + geom_point() ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 150
  36. ੼ ؀न ఫझ౟ ࢎਊೞӝ id = seq(1, 100) ggplot(dataset, aes(x

    = x, y = y)) + geom_text(label=id, size=3) ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 151
  37. ggplot2੄ ౠ૚ • ର౟ بҳٜী ࠺೧ ঑ب੸ੋ ಴അ۱ • ઑ೤ਸ

    ా೧ ݒ਋ ׮নೠ ಴അ оמ • അ੤ Rীࢲ о੢ ݆੉ ࢎਊغח ಁః૑ • GoG੄ о੢ पਊ੸ੋ ҳഅ੉ۄҊ ೡ ࣻ ੓਺ • GoG੄ ৮੹ೠ ҳഅ਷ ইש • ઁডب ݆Ҋ, ة੗੸ੋ ౠࢿٜب ੓਺ • ੜ ࢶ߹ػ ӝࠄ чٜ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 152
  38. GPLҗ ggplot2 ࠺Ү A Layered Grammar of Graphics - Hadley

    Wickham ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 153
  39. ggplot2੄ ೠ҅ • ઑ೤ਸ ాೠ ా҅੸ Ӓې೐੄ ߸઱ • ࢎਊоמೠ

    दп੸ ਃࣗ੄ ઁೠ • ಴അ ੗୓ܳ ߊݺೞӝח য۰਑ • ݒ਋ Ҋࣻળ ঱য੐ • ੘زߑधী ѐੑೞӝо औ૑ ঋ਺ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 154
  40. Rule (1) • GPL / ggplot2 • Data -> ࠶ۑ߅झ

    -> दп੸ ਃࣗ • Ҋਬ੄ ޙߨਵ۽ ӝࣿ(р੽੸, ࠶ۑ߅झ) • Protovis / D3.js • Data -> दп੸ ਃࣗ • ౠ൤ D3.jsীࢲח ૒੽ SVG ਃٜࣗਸ ׮ܚ • ؘ੉ఠо যڌѱ ݗೝغח ૑ ૒੽ ੿੄(૒੽੸) ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 163
  41. Rule (2) • GPL / ggplot2 • ੉ ؘ੉ఠܳ xઝ಴ী

    ؀਽दெ઻ • ղࠗ੸ਵ۽ ੸੺൤ ୊ܻؽ • Protovis / D3.js • ੉ ؘ੉ఠ۽ࠗఠ ੉ۧѱ ҅࢑ೠ Ѿҗо x ઝ಴ঠ • ೐۽Ӓېݠо ૒੽ ؘ੉ఠ৬ दп੸ ਃࣗܳ ઁয ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 164
  42. ݄؀Ӓې೐ • ݄؀ח 0ਸ ӝળࢶਵ۽ द੘ೠ׮. • ؘ੉ఠ੄ ௼ӝח ݄؀੄

    ֫੉ܳ Ѿ੿ೠ׮ • ݄؀ח ੸੺ೠ ց࠺ܳ о૓׮ • ݽٚ ݄؀੄ ց࠺ח э׮ • ؘ੉ఠ੄ ࣽࢲח ݄؀੄ ਤ஖ܳ Ѿ੿ೠ׮ • Y୷਷ о੢ 0ীࢲ о੢ ௾ ч + @۽ ೠ׮ • ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 166
  43. Mick Bostock (1) The Grammar of Graphics was also an

    influence, in terms of avoiding chart typologies while trying to be more declarative about the visual encoding, though certainly D3 ended up being much lower level and very different. Reddit - Hi! I’m Mike Bostock ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 192
  44. Mick Bostock (1) दп੸ ੋ௏٬ী ؀೧ ؊ ࢶ঱੸ੋ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻܳ ݅٘ח

    ؘ ੓যࢲ ର౟ ਬഋ೟ਸ ೖೠ׮ח ੼ীࢲ The Grammar of Graphics੄ ৔ೱب ߉ও׮. ೞ૑݅ D3ח Ѿҗ੸ਵ۽ ખ ؊ ੷ࣻળਵ۽ ٜ݅য઎ਵݴ ݆੉ ׮ܰ׮. Reddit - Hi! I’m Mike Bostock ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 193
  45. Mick Bostock (2) I wanted something that gave the designer

    greater control over the output—the kind of control that the early practitioners like Minard, Playfair and Bertin had because they did things by hand. Even within Protovis I felt like I was limited by its mark types; I wanted something that could use all of the DOM and SVG. Reddit - Hi! I’m Mike Bostock ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 194
  46. Mick Bostock (2) ଴झ ޷ա٘, ਧܻষ ೒ۨ੉ಕয, ੗௼ ߡ౯੉ ࣚਵ۽

    दп ച ੘সਸ ೞݶࢲ ؊ ݆਷ ઁযӂਸ о૑Ҋ ੓঻٠੉, աח ٣੗੉ցٜীѱ ୹۱ী ؀೧ ؊ ݆਷ ઁযӂਸ ઱Ҋ र঻ ׮. Protovisীࢲب ৈ੹൤ ݃௼(mark) ఋੑٜ੄ ઁডٜ ਸ וԑ৳׮. Ӓېࢲ աח DOMҗ SVGܰ ୭؀ೠ ഝਊೡ ࣻ ੓ח ߑߨਸ ਗ೮׮. Reddit - Hi! I’m Mike Bostock ... ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 195
  47. Data -> Svg ࣘࢿ barGroup.selectAll("rect") .data(popData) .enter() .append("rect") .attr("x", 0)

    .attr("y", function(d) {return y(d.age)}) .attr("width", function(d) {return x(d.value)}) .attr("height", y.rangeBand()); Visual Storytelling with D3 6੢ ৘ઁ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 199
  48. D3.js੄ ೠ҅ = SVG੄ ೠ҅ ѢԲ۽ ݈ೞݶ DOMҗ SVGܳ ੜ

    ঌইঠೣ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 201
  49. ӏ஗ٜਸ ݽਵݶ ӝࢿ੸ੋ ର౟ ӝࢿ੸ੋ ର౟੄ ߸઱ ৮੹൤ ࢜۽਍ ಴അ

    ߑध ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 205
  50. दпച੄ ࠄ૕ী о੢ ੸೤ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔ష ਤীࢲ ӏ஗ਸ ٣੗ੋೞח

    بҳ ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 212
  51. જ਷ दпച ࢎ۹ח ׮द ਬഋച • Treemap • Bubble Chart

    • Chord Diagram • Sunburst • Calendar View • Choropleth ੿ࠁदпച Ҋਬ੄ ৔షਸ ଺ইࢲ © nacyot 2015 228