Installer
man Command
ITTO(1) BSD General Commands Manual DITTO(1)
NAME
ditto -- copy directory hierarchies, create and extract archives
SYNOPSIS
ditto [-v] [-V] [-X] [] src ... dst_directory
ditto [-v] [-V] [] src_file dst_file
ditto -c [-z | -j | -k] [-v] [-V] [-X] [] src dst_archive
ditto -x [-z | -j | -k] [-v] [-V] [] src_archive ... dst_directory
ditto -h | --help
DESCRIPTION
In its first form, ditto copies one or more source files or directories to a destination directory. If the destination directory does not exist it will be created before the first source is copied. If the destination directory already
exists then the source directories are merged with the previous contents of the destination.
In its second form, ditto copies a file to the supplied dst_file pathname.
The next two forms reflect ditto's ability to create and extract archives. These archives can be either CPIO format (preferred for unix content) or PKZip (for Windows compatibility). src_archive (and dst_archive) can be the single char-
acter '-', causing ditto to read (write) archive data from stdin (or to stdout, respectively).
ditto follows symbolic links provided as arguments but does not follow any links as it traverses the source or destination hierarchies. ditto overwrites existing files, symbolic links, and devices in the destination when these are copied
from a source. The resulting files, links, and devices will have the same mode, access time, modification time, owner, and group as the source items from which they are copied. Pipes, sockets, and files with names beginning with .nfs or
.afpDeleted will be ignored. ditto does not modify the mode, owner, group, extended attributes, or ACLs of existing directories in the destination. Files and symbolic links cannot overwrite directories or vice-versa.
ditto can be used to "thin" Universal Mach-O binaries during a copy. ditto can also copy files selectively based on the contents of a BOM ("Bill of Materials") file. ditto preserves file hard links (but not directory hard links) present
in the source directories and preserves setuid and setgid modes when run as the superuser.
ditto will preserve resource forks and HFS meta-data information when copying unless instructed otherwise using --norsrc . Similarly, ditto will preserve extended attributes and Access Control Lists (ACLs) unless --noextattr or --noacl
is passed. DITTONORSRC can be set in the environment as an alias to --norsrc --noextattr --noacl on the command line.
OPTIONS
-h Print full usage.
-v Print a line of output to stderr for each source directory copied.
-V Print a line of output to stderr for every file, symbolic link, and device copied.
-X When copying one or more source directories, do not descend into directories that have a different device ID.
-c Create an archive at the destination path. The default format is CPIO, unless -k is given. CPIO archives should be stored in files with names ending in .cpio. Compressed CPIO archives should be stored in files with names
ending in .cpgz.
-z Create compressed CPIO archives, using gzip(1) compression.
-j Create compressed CPIO archives, using bzip2(1) compression.
-x Extract the archives given as source arguments. The format is assumed to be CPIO, unless -k is given. Compressed CPIO is automatically handled.
-k Create or extract from a PKZip archive instead of the default CPIO. PKZip archives should be stored in filenames ending in .zip.
--keepParent When creating an archive, embed the parent directory name src in dst_archive.
--arch arch Thin Universal binaries to the specified architecture. If multiple --arch options are specified then the resulting destination file will contain each of the specified architectures (if they are present in the source file).
arch should be specified as "i386", "x86_64", etc.
--bom bom Copy only files, links, devices, and directories that are present in the specified BOM.
--rsrc Preserve resource forks and HFS meta-data. ditto will store this data in Carbon-compatible ._ AppleDouble files on filesystems that do not natively support resource forks. As of Mac OS X 10.4, --rsrc is default behavior.
--norsrc Do not preserve resource forks and HFS meta-data. If both --norsrc and --rsrc are passed, whichever is passed last will take precedence. Both options override DITTONORSRC. Unless explicitly specified, --norsrc also implies
--noextattr and --noacl to match the behavior of Mac OS X 10.4.
--extattr Preserve extended attributes (requires --rsrc). As of Mac OS X 10.5, --extattr is the default.
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