「SOLIDの原則って何ですか？」って質問に答えたかった / What's SOLID principle

書籍を読んでもわりと唐突に始まるSOLIDの原則
いざ自分が説明しようとすると結構難儀する代物だと思いますので、それっぽく説明ができるように調べたみたお話です

Transcript

1. ઒ౡܛ
   
   (.0
   1FQBCP
   *OD
   
   1)1ษڧձ ʮ40-*%ͷݪଇͬͯԿͰ͔͢ʁʯ
   ࣭ͬͯ໰ʹ౴͔͑ͨͬͨ
2. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΤϯδχΞ ઒ౡܛ
   
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3. 40-*%ͷݪଇ
4. Single responsibility principle Open/closed principle Liskov substitution principle Interface segregation principle Dependency inversion principle ୯Ұ੹೚ͷݪଇ ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ Ϧείϑͷஔ׵ݪଇ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε෼཭ͷݪଇ ґଘੑٯసͷݪଇ 40-*%ͷݪଇ
5. %FWFMPQFS
   3PBENBQ  IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLBNSBOBINFETFEFWFMPQFSSPBENBQ
6. %FWFMPQFS
   3PBENBQ  IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLBNSBOBINFETFEFWFMPQFSSPBENBQ
7. Single responsibility principle Open/closed principle Liskov substitution principle Interface segregation principle Dependency inversion principle ୯Ұ੹೚ͷݪଇ ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ Ϧείϑͷஔ׵ݪଇ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε෼཭ͷݪଇ ґଘੑٯసͷݪଇ 40-*%ͷݪଇ
8. 40-*%ͷݪଇ Single responsibility principle Open/closed principle Liskov substitution principle Interface segregation principle Dependency inversion principle ୯Ұ੹೚ͷݪଇ ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ Ϧείϑͷஔ׵ݪଇ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε෼཭ͷݪଇ ґଘੑٯసͷݪଇ ͬͪ͜͡Όͳͯ͘
9. Single responsibility principle Open/closed principle Liskov substitution principle Interface segregation principle Dependency inversion principle ୯Ұ੹೚ͷݪଇ ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ Ϧείϑͷஔ׵ݪଇ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε෼཭ͷݪଇ ґଘੑٯసͷݪଇ 40-*%ͷݪଇ ͬͪ͜ʂʂʂʂ
10. ͭͷݪଇηοτͷBDSPOZNʢ಄ࣈޠʣͰ͋Δ͜ͱҎ֎
    Կ΋஌Βͳ͍
    
11. ΘΓͱ౜ಥʹઆ໌͕࢝·Δ
12. ಥવฉ͔Εͨ࣌ʹઆ໌͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱ
    Ή͍ͣ
13. ௐ΂ͨ ˞ॻ੶ΛಡΊ͹෼͔Δൣғ͸ࠓճѻ͍·ͤΜ
14. ྺ࢙తܦҢʹ͍ͭͯ
15. ࡞ͬͨʢൃදͨ͠ʣਓ 3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO ΞϝϦΧͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞ
    6ODMF
    #PCʢϘϒ͓͡͞ΜʣͷѪশͰ஌ΒΕΔ
    ͍͔ͭ͘ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭݪଇΛ։ൃͨ͠ IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3PCFSU@$@.BSUJO
16. IUUQTHSPVQTHPPHMFDPNGPSVN IMFOUPQJDDPNQPCKFDU8*$1%D9".( ॳग़
17. 5FO
    $PNNBOENFOUT ү໺ʂ001ͷ ेռ࡞Ζ͏ͥʂ λΠτϧ༁ɿ
18.  ΫϥεϞδϡʔϧ͸֦ுʹରͯ͠։͖ɺमਖ਼ʹରͯ͠͸ด͡ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ʢ#FSUSBOE
    .FZFSͷΦʔϓϯΫϩʔζυͷݪଇʣ
     ೿ੜΫϥε͸جຊΫϥεͱަ׵ՄೳͰͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ʢ-JTLPWͷஔ׵ݪଇʣ
     ৄࡉ͸ந৅ʹґଘ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͣɺந৅͸ৄࡉʹґଘͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ʢґଘੑٯసͷݪଇʣ
     ࠶ར༻ͷཻ౓ͱϦϦʔεͷཻ౓͸ಉ͡ʹ͢΂͖
     ಉ͡ཧ༝Ͱมߋ͞ΕΔΫϥε܈ΛҰͭͷίϯϙʔωϯτʹ·ͱΊΔ͜ͱ
     ίϯϙʔωϯτͷϦϦʔε͞ΕΔ୯Ґͱ࠶ར༻ͷ୯Ґ͸ಉ͡Ͱ͋Δ΂͖
     ϦϦʔε͞Εͨίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘؔ܎͸॥؀ͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍
     ϦϦʔε͞Εͨίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘͷํ޲͸ɺΑΓ҆ఆͨ͠ํ޲ʹ޲͍ͯͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
     ΑΓ҆ఆͨ͠ίϯϙʔωϯτ͸ΑΓଟ͘ͷந৅ΫϥεͰߏ੒͞ΕΔ΂͖
    
    
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    ͭͷύϥμΠϜΛލ͙࣌͸ඞͣ྆ऀΛ෼͚ΔΠϯλʔϑΣʔεϨΠϠʔΛ੾Δ͜ͱ طʹ40-*%ͷݪଇͷݪܕ͕͋ͬͨ 3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJOͷ౤ߘ ˢʂʁ
19. ͳΔ΄Ͳɺ40-*%ͷݪଇ͸
    3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJOݸਓͷ੒Ռ෺ͳΜͩͳʁ
20. ͜ΕΒͷݪଇ͸ɺԿे೥ʹ΋ٴͿઌਓͷܦݧ ͷ஝ੵ͔Βੜ·Εͨιϑτ΢ΣΞ޻ֶͷ੒Ռ Ͱ͋Δɻ͜ΕΒͷ੒Ռ͸Ұਓͷ಄೴͔Βੜ· Εͨ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɻඇৗʹଟ͘ͷιϑτ΢Σ Ξ։ൃऀ΍ݚڀऀͷࢥࡧ΍࿦จΛूେ੒ͨ͠ ΋ͷͳͷͩɻ ΞδϟΠϧιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷԞٛ
    ୈ̎෦ɹΞδϟΠϧઃܭ
21. ୯Ұ੹೚ͷݪଇ ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ Ϧείϑͷஔ׵ݪଇ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε෼཭ͷݪଇ ґଘੑٯసͷݪଇ ൃҊऀɿ#BSCBSB
    -JTLPW
    ൃҊऀɿ#FSUSBOE
    .FZFS ൃҊऀɿ3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO ൃҊऀɿ3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO ൃҊऀɿ3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO ˞5PN
    %F.BSDPͱ.FJMJS
    1BHF+POFTͷஶॻʹج͍͍ͮͯΔʁ αϒηοτ͸࡞͚ͬͨͲɺݸݸ͸ҧ͏
22. ʮݪଇʯͬͯͳΜͩʁ
23. ݪଇ IUUQTEJDUJPOBSZDBNCSJEHFPSHEJDUJPOBSZFOHMJTIQSJODJQMF zಓಙతͳϧʔϧ·ͨ͸ྑ͍ߦಈͷج४z 1SJODJQMF B
    NPSBM
    SVMF
    PS
    TUBOEBSE
    PG
    HPPE
    CFIBWJPVS
24. ྑ͍Ҿ༻ݩ͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍
25. ಠࣗղऍͰ͕͢ ݪଇͱ͸ ༗ҙͳ۩৅ͷཪʹ ීวతʹྲྀΕΔ๏ଇੑ Λநग़ͨ͠΋ͷ ͱɺଊ͓͑ͯΓ·͢
26. ۩৅" ۩৅' ۩৅# ۩৅$ ۩৅% ۩৅& ᶃ๏ଇੑΛநग़ ᶄ๏ଇੑʹैͬͯ࡞੒ ݪଇ
27. ۩৅" ۩৅' ۩৅# ۩৅$ ۩৅% ۩৅& ᶃ๏ଇੑΛநग़ ᶄ๏ଇੑʹैͬͯ࡞੒ ݪଇ ಉ༷ͷੑ࣭Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ
28. ྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυ" ʢͨͿΜྑ͍ઃܭͷʣ
    ίʔυ' ˞ྑ͍Ҿ༻ݩ͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͔ͬͨͷͰࢲݸਓͷਪଌͱͳΓ·͢ ྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυ# ྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυ$ ྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυ% ྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυ& ᶃ๏ଇੑΛநग़ ᶄ๏ଇੑʹଇͬͨίʔυͷ࡞੒ 40-*%ͷݪଇ
29. ʮྑ͍ઃܭʯJT $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF
    ୈ***෦ɹઃܭͷݪଇ มߋʹڧ͍͜ͱ
    ཧղ͠΍͍͢͜ͱ
    ίϯϙʔωϯτͷج൫ͱͯ͠ɺଟ͘ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞγεςϜͰར༻Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ
30. 40-*%ͷݪଇ͸
    զʑϓϩάϥϚ͕
    ९क͢΂͖ϧʔϧͳͷ͔ʁ
31. IUUQTTJUFTHPPHMFDPNTJUFVODMFCPCDPOTVMUJOHMMDHFUUJOHBTPMJETUBSU
32. 40-*%ͷݪଇ͸ϧʔϧͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ͠ɺ
    ๏Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ͠ɺ׬શͳਅ࣮Ͱ΋͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
    ʮϦϯΰ೔ݸͰҩऀ஌Βͣʯͱ͍͏ݵ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
    ͜Ε͸ྑ͍ݪଇͰ͋Γɺྑ͍ΞυόΠεͰ͕͢ɺ
    ͦΕ͸७ਮͳਅ࣮Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ·ͨϧʔϧͰ΋͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
    ʢ˞40-*%ͷݪଇ΋ͦ͏͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δͱݴ͍͍ͨΜͩͱࢥ͏ʣ 5IF
    40-*%
    QSJODJQMFT
    BSF
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    SVMFT
    5IFZ
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    JU`T
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    B
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    OPS
    JT
    JU
    B
    SVMF
33. cubby-holes 5IF
    QSJODJQMFT
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    DVCCZIPMFT
    5IFZ
    HJWF
    B
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    UP
    B
    DPODFQU
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    DBO
    UBML
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    BCPVU
    UIBU
    DPODFQU
    5IFZ
    QSPWJEF
    B
    QMBDF
    UP
    IBOH
    UIF
    GFFMJOHT
    XF
    IBWF
    BCPVU
    HPPE
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    CBE
    DPEF ͜ͷݪଇͨͪ͸৺ͷ੔ཧ୨ͳͷͰ͢ɻ
    ͜ΕΒ͸֓೦ʹର໊ͯ͠લ෇͚ͯ͘͠ΕΔͷͰɺ
    ͋ͳͨ͸֓೦ʹ͍ͭͯ࿩ͨ͠Γߟ͑ͨΓ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
    ͜ΕΒ͸ࢲ͕ͨͪྑ͍ίʔυͱѱ͍ίʔυʹ͍͍ͭͯ࣋ͬͯΔ
    ײ৘ͷ੔ཧ৔ॴΛఏڙ͠·͢ɻ
34. 5IFTF
    QSJODJQMFT
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    5IFZ
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    DBTFT
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    QSPPG
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    BMXBZT
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    TIPVME
    BMXBZT
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    GPMMPXFE ͜ΕΒͷݪଇ͸ώϡʔϦεςΟοΫͰ͢ɻ
    ͜ΕΒ͸Ұൠతͳ໰୊ʹର͢ΔৗࣝతͳղܾࡦͰ͋Γɺ
    ͋ͳ͕ͨτϥϒϧ͔Βൈ͚ग़͢ͷΛॿ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔৗࣝతͳڭཆͰ͢ɻ
    ͔͠͠ɺώϡʔϦεςΟοΫͱಉ͡Α͏ʹɺ
    ͜ΕΒ͸ຊ࣭తʹܦݧଇʹجͮ͘΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
    ͜ΕΒͷݪଇ͕ଟ͘ͷ৔߹ʹػೳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔͍ͬͯ·͕͢ɺ
    ৗʹػೳ͢Δͱ͍͏ূڌ΋ɺ
    ͜ΕΒʹৗʹै͏΂͖Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏ূڌ΋͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
35. ϧʔϧͱ͍͏ΑΓɺ ࢦ਑ ͬͯ දݱͯ͠͠·ͬͨํ͕ޡղ͸গͳͦ͏ Ψ
    Π
    υ
    ϥ
    Π
    ϯ
36. ·ͱΊ w40-*%ͷݪଇ͸3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO͕·ͱΊͨ΋ͷ
    wྑ͍ઃܭͷ๏ଇੑΛநग़ͨ͠΋ͷͰɺݪଇΛҙࣝͨ͠ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ ͱʹΑͬͯྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ
    wࣗ෼ͷߟ͑Λ੔ཧͨ͠Γɺઃܭͷྑ͠ѱ͠Λ൑அͨ͠ΓɺνʔϜͷڞ ௨ݴޠج൫ʹͳΔͳͲͷޮՌ΋ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ
    w໡໨తʹै͏΂͖ϧʔϧͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺࢀߟʹ͢Δͱ޾ͤʹͳ ΔΨΠυϥΠϯఔ౓ͷظ଴ײͰࢀর͢Δͱྑͦ͞͏
37. ·ͱΊ w40-*%ͷݪଇ͸3PCFSU
    $
    .BSUJO͕·ͱΊͨ΋ͷ
    wྑ͍ઃܭͷ๏ଇੑΛநग़ͨ͠΋ͷͰɺݪଇΛҙࣝͨ͠ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ ͱʹΑͬͯྑ͍ઃܭͷίʔυʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ
    wࣗ෼ͷߟ͑Λ੔ཧͨ͠Γɺઃܭͷྑ͠ѱ͠Λ൑அͨ͠ΓɺνʔϜͷڞ ௨ݴޠج൫ʹͳΔͳͲͷޮՌ΋ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ
    w໡໨తʹै͏΂͖ϧʔϧͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺࢀߟʹ͢Δͱ޾ͤʹͳ ΔΨΠυϥΠϯఔ౓ͷظ଴ײͰࢀর͢Δͱྑͦ͞͏ ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠