Roman Architecture

Transcript

1. Roman  Art:  Architecture  
   Reading:  
   Stokstad,  170-­‐204  
    
   Range:  
   200  BCE-­‐400  CE  
   Roman  Republican,  Roman  Imperial  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   axial,  aqueduct,  arch,  arcade,  vault,  
   keystone,  barrel  vault,  groin  vault,  
   voussoirs,  spandrels,  engaged  
   column,  doric,  ionic,  corinthian,  
   acanthus,  basilica,  calderium,  
   frigidarium,  tepidarium,  bread  and  
   circuses,  palaestra.  
   Monument  List:  
     6-­‐18,  Temple,  perhaps  dedicated  
   to  Portunus.  Roman  Republic,  
   Late  second  century  BCE.    
     6-­‐17,  Pont  du  Gard,  Nîmes  
   (France).    Imperial  Roman,  Late  
   first  century  BCE.    
     6-­‐39,  Flavian  Amphitheater  (the  
   Coliseum).  Imperial  Roman,  70-­‐80  
   CE.    
     6-­‐43,  Apollodorus  of  Damascus.    
   Forum  of  Trajan,  Imperial  Roman,  
   c.  112  CE.  
     6-­‐60,  Baths  of  Caracalla,  Rome,  
   Imperial  Roman,  c.211  CE.  
    
   

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2. ★Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization
   Model  of  the  City  of  Imperial  Rome  
   

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4. Seen from rear.
   

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8. Nîmes
   

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9. •   Aqueduct:  An  arZficial  channel  for  transporZng  water  from  a  distant  source  
   Water  
   

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10. 100  gallons  per  person  
    30  Miles  North  
    Channel  would  have  been  covered  to  prevent  
    heaZng  and  contaminaZon  
    

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12. Scaffolding  used  for  
    construcZon  and  repair.  
    

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13. •  Voussoir: A wedge-
    shaped block used in
    the construction of an
    arch
    •  The central voussoir is
    the keystone
    

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14. The  distribuZon  of  weight  on  an  arcade.  
    

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15. Titus    79-­‐80  CE  
    Vespasian    69-­‐79  CE  
    

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16. “Nero  fiddled  while  Rome  burned”  
    

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18. Doric
    Ionic
    Corinthian
    Engaged columns
    ★Engaged  columns  only  give  the  impression  of  
    support.    The  arcades  could  support  themselves.  
    

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19. Extensive  quarrying  of  the  façade.    
    

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20. Diagram of an arch Diagram of a barrel vault
    

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21. Barrel  Vault   Diagram  of  Barrel  Vault  
    

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22. Diagram of a barrel vault Diagram of a groin vault
    Groin  vaults  are  two  crossed  barrel  vaults.  
    

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23. Groin  Vault  
    Diagram  of  a  Groin  Vault  
    

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25. Inaugural festivities by Emperor Titus: 100 days, in which
    9,000 animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.
    

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28. Musicians  and  Costumed  Performers  
    

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29. Gladiator  vs.  Gladiator  
    

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30. Gladiator  vs.  Beast  
    

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31. Beast  vs.  Beast  
    

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32. ★ 80  exits  to  accommodate  50,000  spectators    
    

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33. Trajan    98-­‐117  CE  
    Dacia  
    Rome  
    

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34. Forum  of  Trajan  
    

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35. Temple  to  the  Divine  Trajan  
    Column  of  Trajan  
    Libraries  
    Basilica  Ulpia  
    M    a    r    k    e    t    s  
    Longitudinal  Axis  
    

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39. *Merchants’  Stalls  
    *Taverns/Food  Stalls  
    *Communal  Space  
    

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42. Hadrian    117-­‐138  CE    
    

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43. ★ Temple dedicated to all the gods (pan=all and theion=gods)
    pediment
    porch  
    dome  
    cylindrical    
    drum  
    

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44. Temple, perhaps dedicated to Portunus. In the
    Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
    

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45. Oculus  
    Coffer  
    ★ 143 feet
    ★60  feet  
    ★  20  feet  
    

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46. ★Niches  once  held  the  statues  of  gods,  but  were  replaced  
    by  saints    in  609  by  Pope  Boniface  IV.  
    

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47. Caracalla  c. 211-217 CE
    

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54. CriZcal  Thinking  QuesZons  
    1.  What  is  the  importance  of  construcZon  to  
    Roman  emperorship  and  empire-­‐building?  
    2.  What  were  some  of  the  major  structural  and  
    material  innovaZons  of  Roman  engineers?  
    3.  What  are  some  key  differences  between  
    Roman  temples  and  Greek  temples?  
    4.  What  does  the  term  “bread  and  circuses”  
    mean?    How  does  this  connect  to  
    architecture?  
    

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