Roman Architecture

Transcript

1. Roman  Art:  Architecture   Reading:   Stokstad,  170-­‐204     Range:   200  BCE-­‐400  CE   Roman  Republican,  Roman  Imperial     Terms/Concepts:   axial,  aqueduct,  arch,  arcade,  vault,   keystone,  barrel  vault,  groin  vault,   voussoirs,  spandrels,  engaged   column,  doric,  ionic,  corinthian,   acanthus,  basilica,  calderium,   frigidarium,  tepidarium,  bread  and   circuses,  palaestra.   Monument  List:     6-­‐18,  Temple,  perhaps  dedicated   to  Portunus.  Roman  Republic,   Late  second  century  BCE.       6-­‐17,  Pont  du  Gard,  Nîmes   (France).    Imperial  Roman,  Late   first  century  BCE.       6-­‐39,  Flavian  Amphitheater  (the   Coliseum).  Imperial  Roman,  70-­‐80   CE.       6-­‐43,  Apollodorus  of  Damascus.     Forum  of  Trajan,  Imperial  Roman,   c.  112  CE.     6-­‐60,  Baths  of  Caracalla,  Rome,   Imperial  Roman,  c.211  CE.    
2. ★Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization Model  of  the  City  of  Imperial  Rome  
4. Seen from rear.
8. Nîmes
9. •   Aqueduct:  An  arZficial  channel  for  transporZng  water  from  a  distant  source   Water  
10. 100  gallons  per  person   30  Miles  North   Channel  would  have  been  covered  to  prevent   heaZng  and  contaminaZon  
12. Scaffolding  used  for   construcZon  and  repair.  
13. •  Voussoir: A wedge- shaped block used in the construction of an arch •  The central voussoir is the keystone
14. The  distribuZon  of  weight  on  an  arcade.  
15. Titus    79-­‐80  CE   Vespasian    69-­‐79  CE  
16. “Nero  fiddled  while  Rome  burned”  
18. Doric Ionic Corinthian Engaged columns ★Engaged  columns  only  give  the  impression  of   support.    The  arcades  could  support  themselves.  
19. Extensive  quarrying  of  the  façade.    
20. Diagram of an arch Diagram of a barrel vault
21. Barrel  Vault   Diagram  of  Barrel  Vault  
22. Diagram of a barrel vault Diagram of a groin vault Groin  vaults  are  two  crossed  barrel  vaults.  
23. Groin  Vault   Diagram  of  a  Groin  Vault  
25. Inaugural festivities by Emperor Titus: 100 days, in which 9,000 animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.
28. Musicians  and  Costumed  Performers  
29. Gladiator  vs.  Gladiator  
30. Gladiator  vs.  Beast  
31. Beast  vs.  Beast  
32. ★ 80  exits  to  accommodate  50,000  spectators    
33. Trajan    98-­‐117  CE   Dacia   Rome  
34. Forum  of  Trajan  
35. Temple  to  the  Divine  Trajan   Column  of  Trajan   Libraries   Basilica  Ulpia   M    a    r    k    e    t    s   Longitudinal  Axis  
39. *Merchants’  Stalls   *Taverns/Food  Stalls   *Communal  Space  
42. Hadrian    117-­‐138  CE    
43. ★ Temple dedicated to all the gods (pan=all and theion=gods) pediment porch   dome   cylindrical     drum  
44. Temple, perhaps dedicated to Portunus. In the Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
45. Oculus   Coffer   ★ 143 feet ★60  feet   ★  20  feet  
46. ★Niches  once  held  the  statues  of  gods,  but  were  replaced   by  saints    in  609  by  Pope  Boniface  IV.  
47. Caracalla  c. 211-217 CE
54. CriZcal  Thinking  QuesZons   1.  What  is  the  importance  of  construcZon  to   Roman  emperorship  and  empire-­‐building?   2.  What  were  some  of  the  major  structural  and   material  innovaZons  of  Roman  engineers?   3.  What  are  some  key  differences  between   Roman  temples  and  Greek  temples?   4.  What  does  the  term  “bread  and  circuses”   mean?    How  does  this  connect  to   architecture?