Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture
Reading:
Nigel Spivey, “Seeing the Invisible” pp.
201-‐210, 225-‐244.

Range:
1000-‐1400
Romanesque, Gothic

Terms/Concepts:
MonasGcism, BenedicGne, Cistercian,
barrel vault, groin vault, oblates, novices,
postulants, cloister, historiated column,
trumeau, tympanum, jambs, pier
buKress, ﬂying buKress, scholasGcism,
jambs, sedes sapienGae, seven liberal
arts, tree of Jesse,

Monument List:
  Cluny Plan, France, 1088-‐1130.
  Priory Church, Moissac, France, c.
1115.
  Cistercian Abbey at Fontenay,
France, 1139-‐1147.
  Façade, Abbey Church of St.
Denis, France, 1140-‐1144.
  Chartres Cathedral, France,
1140-‐1144, 1194-‐1220.

View Slide

2 Art and Trade
border of Holy Roman
Empire, c.1095
sources of:
silver
copper
iron
lead
tin
trade centre for Viking
sculpture (wood/stone/bone)
and metalwork
centres of metalwork
centres of alabaster
centres of ivory-working
export of alabaster
trade route
Cu
Pb
109
0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 60˚
60˚
50˚
40˚
10˚
20˚
30˚
Pb
Pb
Cu
Cu
Cu
Limerick
Cork
Dublin
Wexford
York
Durham
Cammin (Kamien)
Gdansk
´
´
Lund
Vejrum
Lade
Urnes
Borbjerg
Trondheim
Lincoln
Norwich
King’s
Lynn
Hull
London
Paderborn
Utrecht Hamburg
Bruges
Paris
Tours Vienna
Florence
Venice
Barcelona
Perpignan
Gerona
Valencia
Palma
Toledo
Seville
Lisbon
Cartagena
Zurich
Naples
Rome
Basle
Milan
Pavia
Genoa
Siena
Pisa
Avignon
Limoges
Bordeaux
Fuenterrabia
Aviles
Morella
Nantes
Ecaquelon
Kermaria
Chatelaudren
Roscoff
Cologne
Toulouse
Montpellier
Santiago de
Compostela
Burgos
Zamora
Silos
Palermo Messina
Catania
Otok
Prague
Buda
Kiev
Novgorod
Waterford
Winchester
Tutbury
Dartmouth
Bristol
St Albans
Poole
Evreux
Southampton
Wolin
Zuchau
Gross-Grönau
Ribe
Kaupang
Oseberg
Flatalunga
Dorestad
Sigtuna
Po
Danube
Dnieper
Dvina
Volga
Rhône
Loire
Sein
e
E
lbe
Od
er
Rhine
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
N O R T H
S E A
BAY O F
B I S C AY
BALT
IC
SEA
B L A C K S E A
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
PYRENEES
A L P S
HARZ
MTS
SICILY
CORSICA
SARDINIA
NORWAY
ICELAND
SWEDEN
POLAND
ENGLAND
FRANCE
NORMANDY
SCOTLAND
IRISH
KINGDOMS
WELSH
PRINCIPALITIES
HUNGARY
KINGDOM
OF ITALY
BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
KINGDOM
OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
DENMARK
S E L J U K
E M P I R E S
FIN
N
O
-U
G
RIA
N
S
T
U
R
K
I C
P
E
O
P
L E S
carved wood
carved
wood
N
0
0
250 miles
350 kms
2 THE SUPPLY OF MATERIALS was
essential for art production. In
Germany and in England, local
stone was in good supply and
was a perfect source for
buildings and sculpture, while
in Scandinavia patrons and
artists exploited the rich
timber resources. Rare
materials like alabaster and
metal were exploited at
source and then exported to
other regions. Trade, a crucial
factor in the growing
European economy, fuelled
the arts. In turn, trade routes
contributed to the dispersal of
craftsmen and their methods.
their newly found positions of power by
patronizing the arts. They constructed castles
cathedrals. The monasteries that dotted the
landscape were also important centres of
much of the intellectual creativity was
concentrated on devotional subjects.

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10˚
0˚
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
Lisbon
Alcobaca
Tomar
Coimbra
Oporto
Ávila
Sigena
Santiago de Compostela
Evora
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Castellamare di Stabia
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Siena Sant’ Antimo
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
T
agus
Rhône
Rhine
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
A
D
R I A T I C
S
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
T H E A L M O H A D S
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern
1000-120
borders
border o
Holy Rom
cathedra
with scu
cathedra
with no
castle
palace
centre o
illumina
mural pa
bronze d
stained
mosaics
centres
early Go
- Poncé
- Tours
- Orléans
- Vendôme
- Dourdan
- Château-Landon
- Bourges
- Brinay
- Loches
- Tavant
- Montmorrillon
- Nohant-Vicq
- Paray-le-Monial
- Berzé-la-Ville
- Rocamadour
- Ravello
- Parma
- Pianella
- Bominaco
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
- Foro Claudio
- Sant’ Angelo in Formis
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- St Maurice d’Augaune
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
2
10˚
0˚
4
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
a
rto
Ávila
Sigena
ompostela
ra
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
us
Rhône
Rhine
N T I C O C E A N
A
D
R I A T I C
S
E A
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern Europe,
1000-1200
borders c. 1180
border of the
Holy Roman Empire
cathedral/abbey
with sculpture
cathedral/abbey
with no sculpture
castle
palace
centre of manuscript
illumination
mural paintings
bronze doors
stained glass
mosaics
early Gothic architecture
andon
illon
cq
Monial
ille
ur
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

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Saint-‐MarGn-‐du-‐Canigou, French Pyrenees,
1001-‐1026.

View Slide

Flavian Amphitheater (Coliseum), Rome,
72-‐80 BCE.
★ The Romans were known for their
advancements in arch and vault technology.

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Groin Vault
Flavian Amphitheater (Coliseum), Interior
Vaults, Rome, 72-‐80 BCE.
★ Roman vaults were typically made with
concrete, which is lighter and easier to
form than stone.

View Slide

★ The knowledge to make concrete was lost to
Medieval Europe.
Saint-‐MarGn-‐du-‐Canigou, French Pyrenees,
1001-‐1026.
Groin Vault

View Slide

10˚
40˚
50˚
60˚
Toulouse
Périgueux
Aniane
Narbonne Lérins
Gerona
Poitiers
Saintes
St Maixent
Vienne
Chalon
Arles
Gellone
Urgel
Liebana
Bordeaux
Aix-en-Provence
London
Paris
Fleury
Milan
Bobbio
Monza
Ratisbon
Freising
Mondsee
Salzburg
St Gall
Chur
Müstair
Constance
Verona
Venice
Aquileia
Ravenna
Lucca
Nonantola
Rome
Monte Cassino
Farfa
Naples
Lyon
Barcelona
25
Utrecht
York
Cividale
Lorsch
Strasbourg
Jarrow
Whitby
Bangor
Nendrum
Monasterboice
Glendalough
Clonard
St Mullin’s
Lindisfarne
Monkwearmouth
Jouarre
Echternach
Reims
Dol
Corbie
Aachen
Cologne
Stavelot
1
2
3
9
10
8
22
14
11 12
4
Murbach
5
6
7
16
Flavigny
18
21
19
17 15
13
24 Metz
Trier
Lobbes
Laon
20
Essen
Nivelles
Péronne
St Vaast d’Arras
23
Basle
Reichenau
Dijon
Luxeuil
Disentis
Augsburg
St Wandrille
Léhon
Redon Le Mans
Nantes
Noirmoutier
St Philibert-de-Grand-Lieu
Landévennec
Jumieges
St Bertin
Liège
Osnabrück
Münster
Bremen
Hamburg
Verden
Minden
Gandersheim
Hersfeld
Fulda
Mainz
Würzburg
Amorbach
Melrose
Ruthwell
Ripon
Iona
Clonmacnoise
Armagh
Malmesbury
St Denis
Orléans
Tours
Benevento
San Vincenzo
Salerno
Vivarium
Pavia
Canterbury
Langres
Bourges
Rhône
Tagus
Ebro
Danube
Elbe Vistula
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
N O R T H
S E A
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
A
D
R
I A
T I C
S E A
BA
L
T
I C
S E A
A L P S
PYRE N E E S
B
ALEARIC IS
CORSICA
SARDINIA
SICILY
2 Monasteries, Writing Centres and Artistic Work
Carolingian schools/scriptoria/literary centres
important monasteries founded 4th-7th century
monasteries founded 6th-9th century
probable centres of manuscript illumination
distribution of objects decorated in the Tassilo chalice style
N
0
0
200 miles
300 kms
1. Prüm
2. Weissenburg
3. Faremoutiers
4. Troyes
5. Chiemsee
6. Tegernsee
7. Benediktbeuern
8. St Amand
9. Meaux
10. Amiens
11. Whithorn
12. Hexham
13. Sens
14. Chelles
15. Auxerre
16. Autun
17. St Germigny-des-Prés
18. Ferrières
19. Nevers
20. Maastricht
21. St Germain-des-Prés
22. Rouen
23. St Riquier
24. Hauvillers
25. Werden
2 MONASTERIES WERE FOUNDED by local
with the support of local aristocraci
also by missionaries, often coming f
Isles. A few were large and wealthy,
many small and poor ones required
implements of valued materials and
along with reliquaries and books. A
engaged in production, but all prov
for artistic works.
similarly incorporated in liturgica
luxury bookbindings.
The Roman tradition survived
and through Christianity, Rome b
contemporaries not the city of Ca
Augustus but of saints Peter and
great churches built in late Antiq
Constantine and his followers co
use, but during this period only o
building was converted for Christ
Hadrian’s domed Pantheon was r
S. Maria ad Martyres in 609. In a f
new phenomenon, large painted
panels representing Christ or his
created and displayed in many ch
sometimes carried in processions
city, for example the so-called Ch
kept in the Lateran chapel of the
Sanctorum (‘the Holy of Holies’)
at least the end of the eighth cen
Greco-Roman civilization was
culture in which books played a l
their role was both altered and in
through the emergence and trium
Christianity and Islam (establishe
the 8th century). Each of them ha
book at its core and both develop
of decorated book commonly refe
‘illuminated’. Even in late Antiquit
MonasGcism: 1000-‐1200
•  Extensive Reforms
around the
BenedicGne Order.
•  New Orders Formed
•  Thousands of
buildings built and
remodeled.

View Slide

10˚
0˚
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
Lisbon
Alcobaca
Tomar
Coimbra
Oporto
Ávila
Sigena
Evora
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
T
agus
Rhône
Rhine
A
D
R I A T I C
S
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern
1000-120
borders
border o
Holy Rom
cathedra
with scu
cathedra
with no
castle
palace
centre o
illumina
mural pa
bronze d
stained
mosaics
centres
early Go
- Poncé
- Tours
- Orléans
- Vendôme
- Dourdan
- Château-Landon
- Bourges
- Brinay
- Loches
- Tavant
- Montmorrillon
- Nohant-Vicq
- Paray-le-Monial
- Berzé-la-Ville
- Rocamadour
- Ravello
- Parma
- Pianella
- Bominaco
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
2
10˚
0˚
4
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
a
rto
Ávila
Sigena
ompostela
ra
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
us
Rhône
Rhine
N T I C O C E A N
A
D
R I A T I C
S
E A
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern Europe,
1000-1200
borders c. 1180
border of the
Holy Roman Empire
cathedral/abbey
with sculpture
cathedral/abbey
with no sculpture
castle
palace
illumination
mural paintings
bronze doors
stained glass
mosaics
andon
illon
cq
Monial
ille
ur
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

View Slide

Cluny Plan
Cluny Plan, France, 1088-‐1130.

View Slide

Cluny ReconstrucGon, France, 1088-‐1130.

View Slide

Restored View of the third abbey church (Cluny III), Cluny,
France, 1088-‐1130.

View Slide

Cluny Nave,
ReconstrucGon,
France, 1088-‐1130.

View Slide

View Slide

Cluny Today Archaeological Park, 2010.

View Slide

10˚
0˚
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
Lisbon
Alcobaca
Tomar
Coimbra
Oporto
Ávila
Sigena
Evora
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
T
agus
Rhône
Rhine
A
D
R I A T I C
S
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern
1000-120
borders
border o
Holy Rom
cathedra
with scu
cathedra
with no
castle
palace
centre o
illumina
mural pa
bronze d
stained
mosaics
centres
early Go
- Poncé
- Tours
- Orléans
- Vendôme
- Dourdan
- Château-Landon
- Bourges
- Brinay
- Loches
- Tavant
- Montmorrillon
- Nohant-Vicq
- Paray-le-Monial
- Berzé-la-Ville
- Rocamadour
- Ravello
- Parma
- Pianella
- Bominaco
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
2
10˚
0˚
4
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
a
rto
Ávila
Sigena
ompostela
ra
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
us
Rhône
Rhine
N T I C O C E A N
A
D
R I A T I C
S
E A
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern Europe,
1000-1200
borders c. 1180
border of the
Holy Roman Empire
cathedral/abbey
with sculpture
cathedral/abbey
with no sculpture
castle
palace
illumination
mural paintings
bronze doors
stained glass
mosaics
andon
illon
cq
Monial
ille
ur
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

View Slide

Priory Church, Moissac, France, c. 1115.

View Slide

South Portal, Priory Church, Moissac,
France, c. 1115.

View Slide

Diagram of Romanesque portal.
Tympanum
South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
France. c.1115.

View Slide

Christ in Majesty, South portal of Saint-Pierre,
Moissac, France, c.1115.
MaKhew
Mark Luke
John
Twenty-‐Four Elders

View Slide

Trumeau
South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
France. c.1115.

View Slide

Trumeau, South Portal
Lions and Old Testament
Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?)
c.1115
Church of Saint-Pierre
Moissac, France
(Stokstad 15-23)
Trumeau, South Portal, Lions and Old Testament
Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), Church of Saint-Pierre,
Moissac, France, c.1115.

View Slide

Trumeau, South Portal, Lions (Jeremiah or Isaiah?),
Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, c.1115

View Slide

South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac, France. c.1115-1135.

View Slide

Vices/Lazarus, Porch, South
Portal, Priory Church at
Moissac, France, c. 1115.

View Slide

Lazarus and Dives, Porch, South Portal,
Priory Church at Moissac, France, c. 1115.

Dives

Lazarus the Leper

Soul

Soul

View Slide

Death
of a
Miser
Torment of
Avarice
Torment
of Lust
Scene of
Torment

View Slide

Historiated Column
Cloister, Priory Church, Moissac, France, c.
1115.

View Slide

Cloister Relief
“Dove Capital,” Cloister, Moissac, France, c.
1115.

View Slide

The Followers of Jesus, Historiated Capital,
Cloister, Moissac, France, c. 1115.
“Monsters”

View Slide

Historiated Capital with Lions’ Heads, Cloister,
Lions’ Heads
Griﬀons aKacking lions

View Slide

Purse Cover, SuKon Hoo, England, 7th century CE.
Historiated Capital with Lions’ Heads, Cloister, Priory Church, Moissac, France, c.
1100-‐1115.

View Slide

10˚
0˚
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
Lisbon
Alcobaca
Tomar
Coimbra
Oporto
Ávila
Sigena
Evora
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
T
agus
Rhône
Rhine
A
D
R I A T I C
S
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern
1000-120
borders
border o
Holy Rom
cathedra
with scu
cathedra
with no
castle
palace
centre o
illumina
mural pa
bronze d
stained
mosaics
centres
early Go
- Poncé
- Tours
- Orléans
- Vendôme
- Dourdan
- Château-Landon
- Bourges
- Brinay
- Loches
- Tavant
- Montmorrillon
- Nohant-Vicq
- Paray-le-Monial
- Berzé-la-Ville
- Rocamadour
- Ravello
- Parma
- Pianella
- Bominaco
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
2
10˚
0˚
4
Jumièges
Fécamp
Coutances
Bayeux
Château Gontier
Provins
St Denis
Huym St Hubert
Rouen
Gisors Reims
Laon
Dinant
Stavelot
Troyes
Avesnes
Valenciennes
Saint-Amand
Périgueux
Souillac
Cahors
Bordeaux
Moissac
Limoges
Conques
Toulouse
Angoulême
a
rto
Ávila
Sigena
ompostela
ra
Seville
Granada
Córdoba
Guadalajara
Arévalo
La Roda
Oviedo
León
Jaca
Tahull
Leyre
Pamplona
Salamanca
Zamora
Ciudad
Rodrigo
Sahagún
Las Huelgas
Silos
Burgos
Loarre
Huesca
Tarragona
Roda da Ribagorça
Lérida Gerona
Fenovillar
L'Écluse
Sorède
Ripoll
Poblet
Cuxa
San Pedro de Roda
Avignon
Carcassonne
St Gilles-du-Gard
Aix
Marseille
Arles
Cluny
Macon
St Chef
Lyon
Ebreuil
Lavaudieu
Perrecy-les-Forges
Autun
Strasbourg
Châlons-sur-Marne
Sens
Auxerre
Saulieu
Nevers
Orbais
Fontevrault
Souvigny
Le Puy
Cressac
Brioude
Clermont-
Ferrand
Angers
St André des Eaux
Langeais Cîteaux
Besançon
Payerne
Ravello
Amalfi
Atrani
Monte Cassino
Calvi
Trani
Canosa
Bari
Molfetta
Troia
Anagni
Sta Elia
di Nepi
Palermo
Caltanisetta
Taormina
Messina
Adrano
Monreale
Ravenusa
Cefalù
Mazara
Assisi
Ancona
Spoleto Ferentillo
Marcellina
Ronzano Fossascesia
Rome
Tivoli
Tuscania
Termeno
Todi
Lucca
Borgo di
S. Donnino
Piacenza
Turin
Ferrara
Pompasa
Bologna
Modena
Genoa
Spigno
Verona
Venice Torcello
Trieste
Aquileia
Castel Appiano
Vicenza
Cremona
Como
Civate
Milan
Chiaravalle
Vercelli
Novara
Pisa
Volterra
Cortona
Montepulciano
Gimignano
Florence
Pistoia
Poitiers Chauvigny
Niort
St Savin
Les
Andelys
Bec
St Evrault
Falaise
Caen
Mayenne
Mont-Saint-Michel
Syracuse
Vézelay
Clairvaux
Cambrai
Noyon
Thérouanne
St Bertin
Arras
Loire
Po
Eb
ro
Guadalquivir
us
Rhône
Rhine
N T I C O C E A N
A
D
R I A T I C
S
E A
P
Y R E N E E S
A
L P S
KINGDOM
OF
GERMANY
KINGDOM
OF
BOHEMIA
KINGDOM OF ITALY
KINGDOM
OF
BURGUNDY
KINGDOM
OF SICILY
E
M
P
I
R
E
O
F
P O
R T U G A L
MUSLIM KINGDOM
OF MALLORCA
LEÓN
CASTILE
PAPAL STATES
CORSICA
SARDINIA
ARAGON
FRANCE
NAVARRE
1
2
3
4
23
33
34
35
26
32 36
37
31
28 29
30
27
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
24
25
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
15
N
0
0
150 miles
200 kms
1 Southern Europe,
1000-1200
borders c. 1180
border of the
Holy Roman Empire
cathedral/abbey
with sculpture
cathedral/abbey
with no sculpture
castle
palace
illumination
mural paintings
bronze doors
stained glass
mosaics
andon
illon
cq
Monial
ille
ur
- Foro Claudio
- Benevento
- Le Mans
- Lausanne
- Paris
- Pontigny
- Étampes
- St Loup de Naud
- Preuilly
- Ivry la Bataille
- Mantes
- Châteaudun
- Chartres
- Braine
- Senlis
- St Germer-de-Fly
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

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Cistercian Abbey at Fontenay, France,
1139-‐1147.

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Fontenay Abbey, Plan, France, 1139-‐1147.

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Portal, Fontenay Abbey Portal, Priory Church, Moissac
Façade, Fontenay Abbey, France,
1139-‐1147.

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“immoderate height of [Cluniac] churches…their
immoderate length, their excessive width,
sumptuous decoraGon and ﬁnely executed
pictures, which divert the aKenGon of those
who are praying.”
– Bernard of Clairvaux, Apologia.
Nave, Fontenay Abbey,
France, 1139-‐1147.
Nave, Monastery at Cluny,
France, 1088-‐1130.

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Capital Detail
Capital Detail
Nave, Fontenay Abbey,
France, 1139-‐1147
Cloister, Priory Church,
Moissac,

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“What proﬁt is there in those ridiculous monsters, in
that marvelous and deformed comeliness, that
comely deformity?...So many and so marvelous are
the varieGes of divers shapes on every hand that we
are more tempted to read in the marble than in our
books, and spend the whole day in wondering at
these things than in meditaGng upon the law of God.
For God’s sake, if men are not ashamed of these
follies, why at least do they not shrink from the
expense?”
–Bernard of Clairvaux
Historiated Capital with Lions’ Heads, Cloister,

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Example of Cistercian ProporGons
Nave, Fontenay Abbey, France, 1139-‐1147.

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Façade, Abbey Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.
Plan

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Statue of St. Denis,
Notre Dame of Paris,
Façade, Abbey Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.

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“Delight in the beauty of the house of
God…call him away from external
cares…dwelling in some strange region
of the universe which neither exists
enGrely in the slime of the earth nor
enGrely in the purity of heaven…
transported from this inferior to that
higher world.”
“We profess that we must do homage
through the outward ornaments of
sacred vessels, and to nothing in the
world in an equal degree to the service
of the Holy Sacriﬁce, with all inner
purity and with all outward splendor.”
Abbot Suger, Jesse Window, St.
Denis, c. 13th century.

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Bernard of Clairvaux, Upper Rhein,
c. 1450.
“Money is won with such skill that it may be
mulGplied. It is expended so that it may be
increased, and pouring it out produces
abundance. The Reason is that the very sight
of these costly but wonderful illusions inflames
the men more to give than to pray.”
“To me [golden images] somehow represent
the ancient rite of the Jews… Or is it that since
we have been mingled with the genGles,
perhaps we have also adopted their ways and
even serve their idols.”
“O vanity of vaniGes, but no more vain than
insane! The Church is radiant in its walls and
desGtute in its poor. It dresses its stones in
gold and it abandons its children naked. It
serves the eyes of the rich at the expense of
the poor. The curious find that which may
delight them, but those in need do not find
that which should sustain them.”

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Tomb of Queen Arnegunde, at St. Denis, Paris,
580-‐590 CE.

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Sarcophagi, Abbey Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.

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Sarcophagus Detail, Abbey Church of St. Denis,
France, 1140-‐1144.

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1140-‐1144.

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Nave, Abbey Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.
“And what of the sun’s rays? Light comes from the good, and light is an
image of this archetypal Good. Thus the Good is also by the name
“Light,” just as an archetype is real in its image. The goodness of the
transcendent God reaches from the highest and most perfect forms of
being to the very lowest. And yet it remains above and beyond them all,
superior to the highest and yet stretching out to the lowliest. It gives
light to everything capable of receiving it, it creates them, keeps them
alive, preserves and perfects them. Everything looks to it for measure,
eternity, number, order. It is the power, which embraces the universe.
It is the Cause of the universe and its end.” –Pseudo Dionysus

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1140-‐1144.
“Elegant and praiseworthy
extension in [the form of] a
circular string of chapels, by
virtue of which the whole
[church] would shine with the
wonderful and uninterrupted
light of most sacred windows,
pervading in the interior
beauty.”—Abbot Suger

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Romanesque vs. Gothic VaulGng
1140-‐1144.

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Romanesque vs. Gothic VaulGng
Ribs
Vaults of the ambulatory and apsidal chapels, abbey
church. Saint-‐Denis. 1140-‐1144.

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17-‐2, Ambulatory and Apse Chapel,
Abbey Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.
Transept, Abbey Church of St.

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Apse Chapel, Abbey Church of St. Denis,
France, 1140-‐1144.
Tree of Jesse, Apse Chapel, Abbey
Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144.

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Jesse
Tree of Jesse, Apse Chapel, Abbey Church of St.

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Jesse
“Then a shoot will spring from the stem
of Jesse, And a branch from his roots
will bear fruit.”
Isaiah 11:1

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David

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King

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Virgin

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Christ
The naGons will resort to the root of Jesse,
Who will stand as a signal for the peoples;
And His resGng place will be glorious.

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Christ
Doves =
Gius of the Holy Spirit The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him,
The spirit of wisdom and understanding,
The spirit of counsel and strength,
The spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD.

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Ambulatory and Apse Chapel, Abbey
Church of St. Denis, France,
1140-‐1144 .
Transept, Abbey Church of St.

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Rose, Transept, Abbey Church of St. Denis,
France, 1140-‐1144.

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Jesse
Christ
Rose, Transept, Abbey Church of St. Denis,
France, 1140-‐1144.

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1140-‐1144.

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17-‐4, West Façade, Chartres
Cathedral, 1140-‐1144.
Chartres Cathedral, France, 1140-‐1144,
1194-‐1220.

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17-‐5, Royal Portal, West Façade, Chartres
Cathedral, c. 1145-‐1155.

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Central Tympanum, Royal Portal, West Façade,
Chartres Cathedral, c. 1145-‐1155 (See 17-‐5).

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Chartres
(Gothic)
Moissac
(Romanesque)

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Royal Portal, West Façade, Chartres Cathedral,
c. 1145-‐1155.

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Right Tympanum, Royal Portal, West Façade,
NaGvity
PresentaGon at the Temple
Sede SapienGae = Throne of Wisdom

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Central Tympanum, Royal Portal, West Façade,
Seven Liberal Arts

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Rhetoric Grammar Music

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Aristotle Pythagoras
ScholasGcism = the synthesis of classical philosophy and
ChrisGan theology

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Leu Tympanum, Royal Portal, West Façade,
Ascension

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17-‐6, Old Testament Kings and Queens, Royal Portal,
West Façade, Chartres Cathedral, c. 1145-‐1155.

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17-‐4, West Façade, Chartres
Cathedral, France, 1140-‐1145.
Virgin and Child and angels (Notre Dame de
la Belle Verrière). Window at Chartres
Cathedral, c.1170.
Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière = Our Lady of
the BeauFful Window

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Virgin and Child and angels (Notre Dame de la
Belle Verrière), Window at Chartres
Cathedral, c.1170.

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Chartres Cathedral, North Façade, auer
1194.

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Rose Window
Lancets
Rose Window and Lancets, North
Transept, Chartres Cathedral,
France, 1230-‐1235.

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Melchizedek David Anna Solomon Aaron
Lancets, North Transept, Chartres Cathedral, France, 1230-‐1235.

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Castles = CasGle Fleur-‐de-‐Lis = France
e Window, North Transept, Chartres Cathedral, France, 1230-‐1235.

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Rose Window and Lancets, North Transept, Chartres Cathedral, France,
1230-‐1235.

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“Invisible Art”
Rose Window and Lancets, North Transept, Chartres Cathedral, France,
1230-‐1235.

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Chartres Cathedral, North Façade, auer
1194.

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Flying BuKresses, Chartres Cathedral, East
Façade (Apse), auer 1194.

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Pier BuKresses, Chartres Cathedral, North
Façade, auer 1194.

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Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

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