Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

Transcript

1. Romanesque  and  Gothic  Architecture  
   Reading:  
   Nigel  Spivey,  “Seeing  the  Invisible”  pp.  
   201-­‐210,  225-­‐244.    
    
   Range:  
   1000-­‐1400  
   Romanesque,  Gothic  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   MonasGcism,  BenedicGne,  Cistercian,  
   barrel  vault,  groin  vault,  oblates,  novices,  
   postulants,  cloister,  historiated  column,  
   trumeau,  tympanum,  jambs,  pier  
   buKress,  flying  buKress,  scholasGcism,  
   jambs,  sedes  sapienGae,  seven  liberal  
   arts,  tree  of  Jesse,    
    
   Monument  List:  
     Cluny  Plan,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  
     Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
   1115.  
     Cistercian  Abbey  at  Fontenay,  
   France,  1139-­‐1147.  
     Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
   Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
     Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
   1140-­‐1144,  1194-­‐1220.  
   

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2. 2 Art and Trade
   border of Holy Roman
   Empire, c.1095
   sources of:
   silver
   copper
   iron
   lead
   tin
   trade centre for Viking
   sculpture (wood/stone/bone)
   and metalwork
   centres of metalwork
   centres of alabaster
   centres of ivory-working
   export of alabaster
   trade route
   Cu
   Pb
   109
   0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 60˚
   60˚
   50˚
   40˚
   10˚
   20˚
   30˚
   Pb
   Pb
   Cu
   Cu
   Cu
   Limerick
   Cork
   Dublin
   Wexford
   York
   Durham
   Cammin (Kamien)
   Gdansk
   ´
   ´
   Lund
   Vejrum
   Lade
   Urnes
   Borbjerg
   Trondheim
   Lincoln
   Norwich
   King’s
   Lynn
   Hull
   London
   Paderborn
   Utrecht Hamburg
   Bruges
   Paris
   Tours Vienna
   Florence
   Venice
   Barcelona
   Perpignan
   Gerona
   Valencia
   Palma
   Toledo
   Seville
   Lisbon
   Cartagena
   Zurich
   Naples
   Rome
   Basle
   Milan
   Pavia
   Genoa
   Siena
   Pisa
   Avignon
   Limoges
   Bordeaux
   Fuenterrabia
   Aviles
   Morella
   Nantes
   Ecaquelon
   Kermaria
   Chatelaudren
   Roscoff
   Cologne
   Toulouse
   Montpellier
   Santiago de
   Compostela
   Burgos
   Zamora
   Silos
   Palermo Messina
   Catania
   Otok
   Prague
   Buda
   Kiev
   Novgorod
   Waterford
   Winchester
   Tutbury
   Dartmouth
   Bristol
   St Albans
   Poole
   Evreux
   Southampton
   Wolin
   Zuchau
   Gross-Grönau
   Ribe
   Kaupang
   Oseberg
   Flatalunga
   Dorestad
   Sigtuna
   Po
   Danube
   Dnieper
   Dvina
   Volga
   Rhône
   Loire
   Sein
   e
   E
   lbe
   Od
   er
   Rhine
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   N O R T H
   S E A
   BAY O F
   B I S C AY
   BALT
   IC
   SEA
   B L A C K S E A
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA
   PYRENEES
   A L P S
   HARZ
   MTS
   SICILY
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   NORWAY
   ICELAND
   SWEDEN
   POLAND
   ENGLAND
   FRANCE
   NORMANDY
   SCOTLAND
   IRISH
   KINGDOMS
   WELSH
   PRINCIPALITIES
   HUNGARY
   KINGDOM
   OF ITALY
   BYZANTINE
   EMPIRE
   KINGDOM
   OF ITALY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   GERMANY
   DENMARK
   S E L J U K
   E M P I R E S
   FIN
   N
   O
   -U
   G
   RIA
   N
   S
   T
   U
   R
   K
   I C
   P
   E
   O
   P
   L E S
   carved wood
   carved
   wood
   N
   0
   0
   250 miles
   350 kms
   2 THE SUPPLY OF MATERIALS was
   essential for art production. In
   Germany and in England, local
   stone was in good supply and
   was a perfect source for
   buildings and sculpture, while
   in Scandinavia patrons and
   artists exploited the rich
   timber resources. Rare
   materials like alabaster and
   metal were exploited at
   source and then exported to
   other regions. Trade, a crucial
   factor in the growing
   European economy, fuelled
   the arts. In turn, trade routes
   contributed to the dispersal of
   craftsmen and their methods.
   their newly found positions of power by
   patronizing the arts. They constructed castles
   cathedrals. The monasteries that dotted the
   landscape were also important centres of
   much of the intellectual creativity was
   concentrated on devotional subjects.
   

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3. 10˚
   0˚
   Jumièges
   Fécamp
   Coutances
   Bayeux
   Château Gontier
   Provins
   St Denis
   Huym St Hubert
   Rouen
   Gisors Reims
   Laon
   Dinant
   Stavelot
   Troyes
   Avesnes
   Valenciennes
   Saint-Amand
   Périgueux
   Souillac
   Cahors
   Bordeaux
   Moissac
   Limoges
   Conques
   Toulouse
   Angoulême
   Lisbon
   Alcobaca
   Tomar
   Coimbra
   Oporto
   Ávila
   Sigena
   Santiago de Compostela
   Evora
   Seville
   Granada
   Córdoba
   Guadalajara
   Arévalo
   La Roda
   Oviedo
   León
   Jaca
   Tahull
   Leyre
   Pamplona
   Salamanca
   Zamora
   Ciudad
   Rodrigo
   Sahagún
   Las Huelgas
   Silos
   Burgos
   Loarre
   Huesca
   Tarragona
   Roda da Ribagorça
   Lérida Gerona
   Fenovillar
   L'Écluse
   Sorède
   Ripoll
   Poblet
   Cuxa
   San Pedro de Roda
   Avignon
   Carcassonne
   St Gilles-du-Gard
   Aix
   Marseille
   Arles
   Cluny
   Macon
   St Chef
   Lyon
   Ebreuil
   Lavaudieu
   Perrecy-les-Forges
   Autun
   Strasbourg
   Châlons-sur-Marne
   Sens
   Auxerre
   Saulieu
   Nevers
   Orbais
   Fontevrault
   Souvigny
   Le Puy
   Cressac
   Brioude
   Clermont-
   Ferrand
   Angers
   St André des Eaux
   Langeais Cîteaux
   Besançon
   Payerne
   Ravello
   Amalfi
   Atrani
   Monte Cassino
   Castellamare di Stabia
   Calvi
   Trani
   Canosa
   Bari
   Molfetta
   Troia
   Anagni
   Sta Elia
   di Nepi
   Palermo
   Caltanisetta
   Taormina
   Messina
   Adrano
   Monreale
   Ravenusa
   Cefalù
   Mazara
   Siena Sant’ Antimo
   Assisi
   Ancona
   Spoleto Ferentillo
   Marcellina
   Ronzano Fossascesia
   Rome
   Tivoli
   Tuscania
   Termeno
   Todi
   Lucca
   Borgo di
   S. Donnino
   Piacenza
   Turin
   Ferrara
   Pompasa
   Bologna
   Modena
   Genoa
   Spigno
   Verona
   Venice Torcello
   Trieste
   Aquileia
   Castel Appiano
   Vicenza
   Cremona
   Como
   Civate
   Milan
   Chiaravalle
   Vercelli
   Novara
   Pisa
   Volterra
   Cortona
   Montepulciano
   Gimignano
   Florence
   Pistoia
   Poitiers Chauvigny
   Niort
   St Savin
   Les
   Andelys
   Bec
   St Evrault
   Falaise
   Caen
   Mayenne
   Mont-Saint-Michel
   Syracuse
   Vézelay
   Clairvaux
   Cambrai
   Noyon
   Thérouanne
   St Bertin
   Arras
   Loire
   Po
   Eb
   ro
   Guadalquivir
   T
   agus
   Rhône
   Rhine
   A T L A N T I C O C E A N
   M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
   A
   D
   R I A T I C
   S
   P
   Y R E N E E S
   A
   L P S
   KINGDOM
   OF
   GERMANY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BOHEMIA
   KINGDOM OF ITALY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BURGUNDY
   KINGDOM
   OF SICILY
   E
   M
   P
   I
   R
   E
   O
   F
   T H E A L M O H A D S
   P O
   R T U G A L
   MUSLIM KINGDOM
   OF MALLORCA
   LEÓN
   CASTILE
   PAPAL STATES
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   ARAGON
   FRANCE
   NAVARRE
   1
   2
   3
   4
   23
   33
   34
   35
   26
   32 36
   37
   31
   28 29
   30
   27
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11 12
   13
   14
   24
   25
   16
   17
   18
   19
   20
   21
   22
   15
   N
   0
   0
   150 miles
   200 kms
   1 Southern
   1000-120
   borders
   border o
   Holy Rom
   cathedra
   with scu
   cathedra
   with no
   castle
   palace
   centre o
   illumina
   mural pa
   bronze d
   stained
   mosaics
   centres
   early Go
   - Poncé
   - Tours
   - Orléans
   - Vendôme
   - Dourdan
   - Château-Landon
   - Bourges
   - Brinay
   - Loches
   - Tavant
   - Montmorrillon
   - Nohant-Vicq
   - Paray-le-Monial
   - Berzé-la-Ville
   - Rocamadour
   - Ravello
   - Parma
   - Pianella
   - Bominaco
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11
   12
   13
   14
   15
   16
   17
   18
   19
   - Foro Claudio
   - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
   - Benevento
   - Le Mans
   - Lausanne
   - St Maurice d’Augaune
   - Paris
   - Pontigny
   - Étampes
   - St Loup de Naud
   - Preuilly
   - Ivry la Bataille
   - Mantes
   - Châteaudun
   - Chartres
   - Braine
   - Senlis
   - St Germer-de-Fly
   20
   21
   22
   23
   24
   25
   26
   27
   28
   29
   30
   31
   32
   33
   34
   35
   36
   37
   2
   10˚
   0˚
   4
   Jumièges
   Fécamp
   Coutances
   Bayeux
   Château Gontier
   Provins
   St Denis
   Huym St Hubert
   Rouen
   Gisors Reims
   Laon
   Dinant
   Stavelot
   Troyes
   Avesnes
   Valenciennes
   Saint-Amand
   Périgueux
   Souillac
   Cahors
   Bordeaux
   Moissac
   Limoges
   Conques
   Toulouse
   Angoulême
   a
   rto
   Ávila
   Sigena
   ompostela
   ra
   Seville
   Granada
   Córdoba
   Guadalajara
   Arévalo
   La Roda
   Oviedo
   León
   Jaca
   Tahull
   Leyre
   Pamplona
   Salamanca
   Zamora
   Ciudad
   Rodrigo
   Sahagún
   Las Huelgas
   Silos
   Burgos
   Loarre
   Huesca
   Tarragona
   Roda da Ribagorça
   Lérida Gerona
   Fenovillar
   L'Écluse
   Sorède
   Ripoll
   Poblet
   Cuxa
   San Pedro de Roda
   Avignon
   Carcassonne
   St Gilles-du-Gard
   Aix
   Marseille
   Arles
   Cluny
   Macon
   St Chef
   Lyon
   Ebreuil
   Lavaudieu
   Perrecy-les-Forges
   Autun
   Strasbourg
   Châlons-sur-Marne
   Sens
   Auxerre
   Saulieu
   Nevers
   Orbais
   Fontevrault
   Souvigny
   Le Puy
   Cressac
   Brioude
   Clermont-
   Ferrand
   Angers
   St André des Eaux
   Langeais Cîteaux
   Besançon
   Payerne
   Ravello
   Amalfi
   Atrani
   Monte Cassino
   Castellamare di Stabia
   Calvi
   Trani
   Canosa
   Bari
   Molfetta
   Troia
   Anagni
   Sta Elia
   di Nepi
   Palermo
   Caltanisetta
   Taormina
   Messina
   Adrano
   Monreale
   Ravenusa
   Cefalù
   Mazara
   Siena Sant’ Antimo
   Assisi
   Ancona
   Spoleto Ferentillo
   Marcellina
   Ronzano Fossascesia
   Rome
   Tivoli
   Tuscania
   Termeno
   Todi
   Lucca
   Borgo di
   S. Donnino
   Piacenza
   Turin
   Ferrara
   Pompasa
   Bologna
   Modena
   Genoa
   Spigno
   Verona
   Venice Torcello
   Trieste
   Aquileia
   Castel Appiano
   Vicenza
   Cremona
   Como
   Civate
   Milan
   Chiaravalle
   Vercelli
   Novara
   Pisa
   Volterra
   Cortona
   Montepulciano
   Gimignano
   Florence
   Pistoia
   Poitiers Chauvigny
   Niort
   St Savin
   Les
   Andelys
   Bec
   St Evrault
   Falaise
   Caen
   Mayenne
   Mont-Saint-Michel
   Syracuse
   Vézelay
   Clairvaux
   Cambrai
   Noyon
   Thérouanne
   St Bertin
   Arras
   Loire
   Po
   Eb
   ro
   Guadalquivir
   us
   Rhône
   Rhine
   N T I C O C E A N
   M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
   A
   D
   R I A T I C
   S
   E A
   P
   Y R E N E E S
   A
   L P S
   KINGDOM
   OF
   GERMANY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BOHEMIA
   KINGDOM OF ITALY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BURGUNDY
   KINGDOM
   OF SICILY
   E
   M
   P
   I
   R
   E
   O
   F
   T H E A L M O H A D S
   P O
   R T U G A L
   MUSLIM KINGDOM
   OF MALLORCA
   LEÓN
   CASTILE
   PAPAL STATES
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   ARAGON
   FRANCE
   NAVARRE
   1
   2
   3
   4
   23
   33
   34
   35
   26
   32 36
   37
   31
   28 29
   30
   27
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11 12
   13
   14
   24
   25
   16
   17
   18
   19
   20
   21
   22
   15
   N
   0
   0
   150 miles
   200 kms
   1 Southern Europe,
   1000-1200
   borders c. 1180
   border of the
   Holy Roman Empire
   cathedral/abbey
   with sculpture
   cathedral/abbey
   with no sculpture
   castle
   palace
   centre of manuscript
   illumination
   mural paintings
   bronze doors
   stained glass
   mosaics
   centres of metalwork
   early Gothic architecture
   andon
   illon
   cq
   Monial
   ille
   ur
   - Foro Claudio
   - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
   - Benevento
   - Le Mans
   - Lausanne
   - St Maurice d’Augaune
   - Paris
   - Pontigny
   - Étampes
   - St Loup de Naud
   - Preuilly
   - Ivry la Bataille
   - Mantes
   - Châteaudun
   - Chartres
   - Braine
   - Senlis
   - St Germer-de-Fly
   20
   21
   22
   23
   24
   25
   26
   27
   28
   29
   30
   31
   32
   33
   34
   35
   36
   37
   

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4. Saint-­‐MarGn-­‐du-­‐Canigou,  French  Pyrenees,  
   1001-­‐1026.  
   

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5. Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
   72-­‐80  BCE.    
   ★ The  Romans  were  known  for  their  
   advancements  in  arch  and  vault  technology.  
   

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6. Groin  Vault  
   Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Interior  
   Vaults,  Rome,  72-­‐80  BCE.    
   ★ Roman  vaults  were  typically  made  with  
   concrete,  which  is  lighter  and  easier  to  
   form  than  stone.  
   

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7. ★  The  knowledge  to  make  concrete  was  lost  to  
   Medieval  Europe.  
   Saint-­‐MarGn-­‐du-­‐Canigou,  French  Pyrenees,  
   1001-­‐1026.  
   Groin  Vault  
   

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8. 10˚
   40˚
   50˚
   60˚
   Toulouse
   Périgueux
   Aniane
   Narbonne Lérins
   Gerona
   Poitiers
   Saintes
   St Maixent
   Vienne
   Chalon
   Arles
   Gellone
   Urgel
   Liebana
   Bordeaux
   Aix-en-Provence
   London
   Paris
   Fleury
   Milan
   Bobbio
   Monza
   Ratisbon
   Freising
   Mondsee
   Salzburg
   St Gall
   Chur
   Müstair
   Constance
   Verona
   Venice
   Aquileia
   Ravenna
   Lucca
   Nonantola
   Rome
   Monte Cassino
   Farfa
   Naples
   Lyon
   Barcelona
   25
   Utrecht
   York
   Cividale
   Lorsch
   Strasbourg
   Jarrow
   Whitby
   Bangor
   Nendrum
   Monasterboice
   Glendalough
   Clonard
   St Mullin’s
   Lindisfarne
   Monkwearmouth
   Jouarre
   Echternach
   Reims
   Dol
   Corbie
   Aachen
   Cologne
   Stavelot
   1
   2
   3
   9
   10
   8
   22
   14
   11 12
   4
   Murbach
   5
   6
   7
   16
   Flavigny
   18
   21
   19
   17 15
   13
   24 Metz
   Trier
   Lobbes
   Laon
   20
   Essen
   Nivelles
   Péronne
   St Vaast d’Arras
   23
   Basle
   Reichenau
   Dijon
   Luxeuil
   Disentis
   Augsburg
   St Wandrille
   Léhon
   Redon Le Mans
   Nantes
   Noirmoutier
   St Philibert-de-Grand-Lieu
   Landévennec
   Jumieges
   St Bertin
   Liège
   Osnabrück
   Münster
   Bremen
   Hamburg
   Verden
   Minden
   Gandersheim
   Hersfeld
   Fulda
   Mainz
   Würzburg
   Amorbach
   Melrose
   Ruthwell
   Ripon
   Iona
   Clonmacnoise
   Armagh
   Malmesbury
   St Denis
   Orléans
   Tours
   Benevento
   San Vincenzo
   Salerno
   Vivarium
   Pavia
   Canterbury
   Langres
   Bourges
   Rhône
   Tagus
   Ebro
   Danube
   Elbe Vistula
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   N O R T H
   S E A
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA
   A
   D
   R
   I A
   T I C
   S E A
   BA
   L
   T
   I C
   S E A
   A L P S
   PYRE N E E S
   B
   ALEARIC IS
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   SICILY
   2 Monasteries, Writing Centres and Artistic Work
   Carolingian schools/scriptoria/literary centres
   important monasteries founded 4th-7th century
   monasteries founded 6th-9th century
   probable centres of manuscript illumination
   distribution of objects decorated in the Tassilo chalice style
   N
   0
   0
   200 miles
   300 kms
   1. Prüm
   2. Weissenburg
   3. Faremoutiers
   4. Troyes
   5. Chiemsee
   6. Tegernsee
   7. Benediktbeuern
   8. St Amand
   9. Meaux
   10. Amiens
   11. Whithorn
   12. Hexham
   13. Sens
   14. Chelles
   15. Auxerre
   16. Autun
   17. St Germigny-des-Prés
   18. Ferrières
   19. Nevers
   20. Maastricht
   21. St Germain-des-Prés
   22. Rouen
   23. St Riquier
   24. Hauvillers
   25. Werden
   2 MONASTERIES WERE FOUNDED by local
   with the support of local aristocraci
   also by missionaries, often coming f
   Isles. A few were large and wealthy,
   many small and poor ones required
   implements of valued materials and
   along with reliquaries and books. A
   engaged in production, but all prov
   for artistic works.
   similarly incorporated in liturgica
   luxury bookbindings.
   The Roman tradition survived
   and through Christianity, Rome b
   contemporaries not the city of Ca
   Augustus but of saints Peter and
   great churches built in late Antiq
   Constantine and his followers co
   use, but during this period only o
   building was converted for Christ
   Hadrian’s domed Pantheon was r
   S. Maria ad Martyres in 609. In a f
   new phenomenon, large painted
   panels representing Christ or his
   created and displayed in many ch
   sometimes carried in processions
   city, for example the so-called Ch
   kept in the Lateran chapel of the
   Sanctorum (‘the Holy of Holies’)
   at least the end of the eighth cen
   Greco-Roman civilization was
   culture in which books played a l
   their role was both altered and in
   through the emergence and trium
   Christianity and Islam (establishe
   the 8th century). Each of them ha
   book at its core and both develop
   of decorated book commonly refe
   ‘illuminated’. Even in late Antiquit
   MonasGcism:  1000-­‐1200  
   •  Extensive  Reforms  
   around  the  
   BenedicGne  Order.  
   •  New  Orders  Formed  
   •  Thousands  of  
   buildings  built  and  
   remodeled.  
   

   View Slide

9. 10˚
   0˚
   Jumièges
   Fécamp
   Coutances
   Bayeux
   Château Gontier
   Provins
   St Denis
   Huym St Hubert
   Rouen
   Gisors Reims
   Laon
   Dinant
   Stavelot
   Troyes
   Avesnes
   Valenciennes
   Saint-Amand
   Périgueux
   Souillac
   Cahors
   Bordeaux
   Moissac
   Limoges
   Conques
   Toulouse
   Angoulême
   Lisbon
   Alcobaca
   Tomar
   Coimbra
   Oporto
   Ávila
   Sigena
   Santiago de Compostela
   Evora
   Seville
   Granada
   Córdoba
   Guadalajara
   Arévalo
   La Roda
   Oviedo
   León
   Jaca
   Tahull
   Leyre
   Pamplona
   Salamanca
   Zamora
   Ciudad
   Rodrigo
   Sahagún
   Las Huelgas
   Silos
   Burgos
   Loarre
   Huesca
   Tarragona
   Roda da Ribagorça
   Lérida Gerona
   Fenovillar
   L'Écluse
   Sorède
   Ripoll
   Poblet
   Cuxa
   San Pedro de Roda
   Avignon
   Carcassonne
   St Gilles-du-Gard
   Aix
   Marseille
   Arles
   Cluny
   Macon
   St Chef
   Lyon
   Ebreuil
   Lavaudieu
   Perrecy-les-Forges
   Autun
   Strasbourg
   Châlons-sur-Marne
   Sens
   Auxerre
   Saulieu
   Nevers
   Orbais
   Fontevrault
   Souvigny
   Le Puy
   Cressac
   Brioude
   Clermont-
   Ferrand
   Angers
   St André des Eaux
   Langeais Cîteaux
   Besançon
   Payerne
   Ravello
   Amalfi
   Atrani
   Monte Cassino
   Castellamare di Stabia
   Calvi
   Trani
   Canosa
   Bari
   Molfetta
   Troia
   Anagni
   Sta Elia
   di Nepi
   Palermo
   Caltanisetta
   Taormina
   Messina
   Adrano
   Monreale
   Ravenusa
   Cefalù
   Mazara
   Siena Sant’ Antimo
   Assisi
   Ancona
   Spoleto Ferentillo
   Marcellina
   Ronzano Fossascesia
   Rome
   Tivoli
   Tuscania
   Termeno
   Todi
   Lucca
   Borgo di
   S. Donnino
   Piacenza
   Turin
   Ferrara
   Pompasa
   Bologna
   Modena
   Genoa
   Spigno
   Verona
   Venice Torcello
   Trieste
   Aquileia
   Castel Appiano
   Vicenza
   Cremona
   Como
   Civate
   Milan
   Chiaravalle
   Vercelli
   Novara
   Pisa
   Volterra
   Cortona
   Montepulciano
   Gimignano
   Florence
   Pistoia
   Poitiers Chauvigny
   Niort
   St Savin
   Les
   Andelys
   Bec
   St Evrault
   Falaise
   Caen
   Mayenne
   Mont-Saint-Michel
   Syracuse
   Vézelay
   Clairvaux
   Cambrai
   Noyon
   Thérouanne
   St Bertin
   Arras
   Loire
   Po
   Eb
   ro
   Guadalquivir
   T
   agus
   Rhône
   Rhine
   A T L A N T I C O C E A N
   M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
   A
   D
   R I A T I C
   S
   P
   Y R E N E E S
   A
   L P S
   KINGDOM
   OF
   GERMANY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BOHEMIA
   KINGDOM OF ITALY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BURGUNDY
   KINGDOM
   OF SICILY
   E
   M
   P
   I
   R
   E
   O
   F
   T H E A L M O H A D S
   P O
   R T U G A L
   MUSLIM KINGDOM
   OF MALLORCA
   LEÓN
   CASTILE
   PAPAL STATES
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   ARAGON
   FRANCE
   NAVARRE
   1
   2
   3
   4
   23
   33
   34
   35
   26
   32 36
   37
   31
   28 29
   30
   27
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11 12
   13
   14
   24
   25
   16
   17
   18
   19
   20
   21
   22
   15
   N
   0
   0
   150 miles
   200 kms
   1 Southern
   1000-120
   borders
   border o
   Holy Rom
   cathedra
   with scu
   cathedra
   with no
   castle
   palace
   centre o
   illumina
   mural pa
   bronze d
   stained
   mosaics
   centres
   early Go
   - Poncé
   - Tours
   - Orléans
   - Vendôme
   - Dourdan
   - Château-Landon
   - Bourges
   - Brinay
   - Loches
   - Tavant
   - Montmorrillon
   - Nohant-Vicq
   - Paray-le-Monial
   - Berzé-la-Ville
   - Rocamadour
   - Ravello
   - Parma
   - Pianella
   - Bominaco
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11
   12
   13
   14
   15
   16
   17
   18
   19
   - Foro Claudio
   - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
   - Benevento
   - Le Mans
   - Lausanne
   - St Maurice d’Augaune
   - Paris
   - Pontigny
   - Étampes
   - St Loup de Naud
   - Preuilly
   - Ivry la Bataille
   - Mantes
   - Châteaudun
   - Chartres
   - Braine
   - Senlis
   - St Germer-de-Fly
   20
   21
   22
   23
   24
   25
   26
   27
   28
   29
   30
   31
   32
   33
   34
   35
   36
   37
   2
   10˚
   0˚
   4
   Jumièges
   Fécamp
   Coutances
   Bayeux
   Château Gontier
   Provins
   St Denis
   Huym St Hubert
   Rouen
   Gisors Reims
   Laon
   Dinant
   Stavelot
   Troyes
   Avesnes
   Valenciennes
   Saint-Amand
   Périgueux
   Souillac
   Cahors
   Bordeaux
   Moissac
   Limoges
   Conques
   Toulouse
   Angoulême
   a
   rto
   Ávila
   Sigena
   ompostela
   ra
   Seville
   Granada
   Córdoba
   Guadalajara
   Arévalo
   La Roda
   Oviedo
   León
   Jaca
   Tahull
   Leyre
   Pamplona
   Salamanca
   Zamora
   Ciudad
   Rodrigo
   Sahagún
   Las Huelgas
   Silos
   Burgos
   Loarre
   Huesca
   Tarragona
   Roda da Ribagorça
   Lérida Gerona
   Fenovillar
   L'Écluse
   Sorède
   Ripoll
   Poblet
   Cuxa
   San Pedro de Roda
   Avignon
   Carcassonne
   St Gilles-du-Gard
   Aix
   Marseille
   Arles
   Cluny
   Macon
   St Chef
   Lyon
   Ebreuil
   Lavaudieu
   Perrecy-les-Forges
   Autun
   Strasbourg
   Châlons-sur-Marne
   Sens
   Auxerre
   Saulieu
   Nevers
   Orbais
   Fontevrault
   Souvigny
   Le Puy
   Cressac
   Brioude
   Clermont-
   Ferrand
   Angers
   St André des Eaux
   Langeais Cîteaux
   Besançon
   Payerne
   Ravello
   Amalfi
   Atrani
   Monte Cassino
   Castellamare di Stabia
   Calvi
   Trani
   Canosa
   Bari
   Molfetta
   Troia
   Anagni
   Sta Elia
   di Nepi
   Palermo
   Caltanisetta
   Taormina
   Messina
   Adrano
   Monreale
   Ravenusa
   Cefalù
   Mazara
   Siena Sant’ Antimo
   Assisi
   Ancona
   Spoleto Ferentillo
   Marcellina
   Ronzano Fossascesia
   Rome
   Tivoli
   Tuscania
   Termeno
   Todi
   Lucca
   Borgo di
   S. Donnino
   Piacenza
   Turin
   Ferrara
   Pompasa
   Bologna
   Modena
   Genoa
   Spigno
   Verona
   Venice Torcello
   Trieste
   Aquileia
   Castel Appiano
   Vicenza
   Cremona
   Como
   Civate
   Milan
   Chiaravalle
   Vercelli
   Novara
   Pisa
   Volterra
   Cortona
   Montepulciano
   Gimignano
   Florence
   Pistoia
   Poitiers Chauvigny
   Niort
   St Savin
   Les
   Andelys
   Bec
   St Evrault
   Falaise
   Caen
   Mayenne
   Mont-Saint-Michel
   Syracuse
   Vézelay
   Clairvaux
   Cambrai
   Noyon
   Thérouanne
   St Bertin
   Arras
   Loire
   Po
   Eb
   ro
   Guadalquivir
   us
   Rhône
   Rhine
   N T I C O C E A N
   M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
   A
   D
   R I A T I C
   S
   E A
   P
   Y R E N E E S
   A
   L P S
   KINGDOM
   OF
   GERMANY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BOHEMIA
   KINGDOM OF ITALY
   KINGDOM
   OF
   BURGUNDY
   KINGDOM
   OF SICILY
   E
   M
   P
   I
   R
   E
   O
   F
   T H E A L M O H A D S
   P O
   R T U G A L
   MUSLIM KINGDOM
   OF MALLORCA
   LEÓN
   CASTILE
   PAPAL STATES
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   ARAGON
   FRANCE
   NAVARRE
   1
   2
   3
   4
   23
   33
   34
   35
   26
   32 36
   37
   31
   28 29
   30
   27
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
   10
   11 12
   13
   14
   24
   25
   16
   17
   18
   19
   20
   21
   22
   15
   N
   0
   0
   150 miles
   200 kms
   1 Southern Europe,
   1000-1200
   borders c. 1180
   border of the
   Holy Roman Empire
   cathedral/abbey
   with sculpture
   cathedral/abbey
   with no sculpture
   castle
   palace
   centre of manuscript
   illumination
   mural paintings
   bronze doors
   stained glass
   mosaics
   centres of metalwork
   early Gothic architecture
   andon
   illon
   cq
   Monial
   ille
   ur
   - Foro Claudio
   - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
   - Benevento
   - Le Mans
   - Lausanne
   - St Maurice d’Augaune
   - Paris
   - Pontigny
   - Étampes
   - St Loup de Naud
   - Preuilly
   - Ivry la Bataille
   - Mantes
   - Châteaudun
   - Chartres
   - Braine
   - Senlis
   - St Germer-de-Fly
   20
   21
   22
   23
   24
   25
   26
   27
   28
   29
   30
   31
   32
   33
   34
   35
   36
   37
   

   View Slide

10. Cluny  Plan  
    Cluny  Plan,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  
    

    View Slide

11. Cluny  ReconstrucGon,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  
    

    View Slide

12. Restored  View  of  the  third  abbey  church  (Cluny  III),  Cluny,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  
    

    View Slide

13. Cluny  Nave,  
    ReconstrucGon,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  
    

    View Slide

14. View Slide

15. Cluny  Today  Archaeological  Park,  2010.    
    

    View Slide

16. 10˚
    0˚
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚
    0˚
    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    

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17. Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    

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18. South  Portal,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  
    France,  c.  1115.  
    

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19. Diagram of Romanesque portal.
    Tympanum  
    South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
    France. c.1115.
    

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20. Christ in Majesty, South portal of Saint-Pierre,
    Moissac, France, c.1115.
    MaKhew  
    Mark   Luke  
    John  
    Twenty-­‐Four  Elders  
    

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21. Trumeau  
    South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
    France. c.1115.
    

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22. Trumeau, South Portal
    Lions and Old Testament
    Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?)
    c.1115
    Church of Saint-Pierre
    Moissac, France
    (Stokstad 15-23)
    Trumeau, South Portal, Lions and Old Testament
    Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), Church of Saint-Pierre,
    Moissac, France, c.1115.
    

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23. Trumeau, South Portal, Lions (Jeremiah or Isaiah?),
    Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, c.1115
    

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24. South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac, France. c.1115-1135.
    

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25. Vices/Lazarus,  Porch,  South  
    Portal,  Priory  Church  at  
    Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.    
    

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26. Lazarus  and  Dives,  Porch,  South  Portal,  
    Priory  Church  at  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.    
     
     
     
    Dives  
     
     
     
    Lazarus  the  Leper  
     
    Soul  
     
    Soul  
    

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27. Death  
    of  a  
    Miser  
    Torment  of  
    Avarice  
    Torment  
    of  Lust  
    Scene  of  
    Torment  
    

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28. Historiated  Column  
    Cloister,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1115.  
    

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29. Cloister  Relief  
    “Dove  Capital,”  Cloister,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1115.  
    

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30. The  Followers  of  Jesus,  Historiated  Capital,  
    Cloister,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    “Monsters”  
    

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31. Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  
    Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    Lions’  Heads  
    Griffons  aKacking  lions  
    

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32. Purse  Cover,  SuKon  Hoo,  England,  7th  century  CE.  
    Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1100-­‐1115.  
    

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33. 10˚
    0˚
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚
    0˚
    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    

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34. Cistercian  Abbey  at  Fontenay,  France,  
    1139-­‐1147.  
    

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35. Fontenay  Abbey,  Plan,  France,  1139-­‐1147.    
    

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36. Portal,  Fontenay  Abbey   Portal,  Priory  Church,  Moissac  
    Façade,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  
    1139-­‐1147.  
    

    View Slide

37. “immoderate  height  of  [Cluniac]  churches…their  
    immoderate  length,  their  excessive  width,  
    sumptuous  decoraGon  and  finely  executed  
    pictures,  which  divert  the  aKenGon  of  those  
    who  are  praying.”    
    –  Bernard  of  Clairvaux,  Apologia.    
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  
    France,  1139-­‐1147.  
    Nave,  Monastery  at  Cluny,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  
    

    View Slide

38. Capital  Detail  
    Capital  Detail  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  
    France,  1139-­‐1147  
    Cloister,  Priory  Church,  
    Moissac,    
    

    View Slide

39. “What  profit  is  there  in  those  ridiculous  monsters,  in  
    that  marvelous  and  deformed  comeliness,  that  
    comely  deformity?...So  many  and  so  marvelous  are  
    the  varieGes  of  divers  shapes  on  every  hand  that  we  
    are  more  tempted  to  read  in  the  marble  than  in  our  
    books,  and  spend  the  whole  day  in  wondering  at  
    these  things  than  in  meditaGng  upon  the  law  of  God.    
    For  God’s  sake,  if  men  are  not  ashamed  of  these  
    follies,  why  at  least  do  they  not  shrink  from  the  
    expense?”    
    –Bernard  of  Clairvaux  
    Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  
    Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    

    View Slide

40. Example  of  Cistercian  ProporGons  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  1139-­‐1147.  
    

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41. Example  of  Cistercian  ProporGons  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  1139-­‐1147.    
    

    View Slide

42. View Slide

43. View Slide

44. Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    Plan  
    

    View Slide

45. Statue  of  St.  Denis,  
    Notre  Dame  of  Paris,    
    Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

    View Slide

46. “Delight  in  the  beauty  of  the  house  of  
    God…call  him  away  from  external  
    cares…dwelling  in  some  strange  region  
    of  the  universe  which  neither  exists  
    enGrely  in  the  slime  of  the  earth  nor  
    enGrely  in  the  purity  of  heaven…
    transported  from  this  inferior  to  that  
    higher  world.”    
    “We  profess  that  we  must  do  homage  
    through  the  outward  ornaments  of  
    sacred  vessels,  and  to  nothing  in  the  
    world  in  an  equal  degree  to  the  service  
    of  the  Holy  Sacrifice,  with  all  inner  
    purity  and  with  all  outward  splendor.”  
    Abbot  Suger,  Jesse  Window,  St.  
    Denis,  c.  13th  century.    
    

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47. Bernard  of  Clairvaux,  Upper  Rhein,  
    c.  1450.  
    “Money  is  won  with  such  skill  that  it  may  be  
    mulGplied.    It  is  expended  so  that  it  may  be  
    increased,  and  pouring  it  out  produces  
    abundance.    The  Reason  is  that  the  very  sight  
    of  these  costly  but  wonderful  illusions  inflames  
    the  men  more  to  give  than  to  pray.”  
    “To  me  [golden  images]  somehow  represent  
    the  ancient  rite  of  the  Jews…  Or  is  it  that  since  
    we  have  been  mingled  with  the  genGles,  
    perhaps  we  have  also  adopted  their  ways  and  
    even  serve  their  idols.”  
    “O  vanity  of  vaniGes,  but  no  more  vain  than  
    insane!    The  Church  is  radiant  in  its  walls  and  
    desGtute  in  its  poor.    It  dresses  its  stones  in  
    gold  and  it  abandons  its  children  naked.    It  
    serves  the  eyes  of  the  rich  at  the  expense  of  
    the  poor.    The  curious  find  that  which  may  
    delight  them,  but  those  in  need  do  not  find  
    that  which  should  sustain  them.”  
    

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48. Tomb  of  Queen  Arnegunde,  at  St.  Denis,  Paris,  
    580-­‐590  CE.  
    

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49. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

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50. Sarcophagus  Detail,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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51. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

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52. Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    “And  what  of  the  sun’s  rays?    Light  comes  from  the  good,  and  light  is  an  
    image  of  this  archetypal  Good.    Thus  the  Good  is  also  by  the  name  
    “Light,”  just  as  an  archetype  is  real  in  its  image.    The  goodness  of  the  
    transcendent  God  reaches  from  the  highest  and  most  perfect  forms  of  
    being  to  the  very  lowest.    And  yet  it  remains  above  and  beyond  them  all,  
    superior  to  the  highest  and  yet  stretching  out  to  the  lowliest.    It  gives  
    light  to  everything  capable  of  receiving  it,  it  creates  them,  keeps  them  
    alive,  preserves  and  perfects  them.    Everything  looks  to  it  for  measure,  
    eternity,  number,  order.    It  is  the  power,  which  embraces  the  universe.    
    It  is  the  Cause  of  the  universe  and  its  end.”  –Pseudo  Dionysus    
    

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53. Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    “Elegant  and  praiseworthy  
    extension  in  [the  form  of]  a  
    circular  string  of  chapels,  by  
    virtue  of  which  the  whole  
    [church]  would  shine  with  the  
    wonderful  and  uninterrupted  
    light  of  most  sacred  windows,  
    pervading  in  the  interior  
    beauty.”—Abbot  Suger  
    

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54. Romanesque  vs.  Gothic  VaulGng  
    Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

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55. Romanesque  vs.  Gothic  VaulGng  
    Ribs  
    Vaults  of  the  ambulatory  and  apsidal  chapels,  abbey  
    church.    Saint-­‐Denis.    1140-­‐1144.    
    

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56. 17-­‐2,  Ambulatory  and  Apse  Chapel,  
    Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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57. Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  
    Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

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58. Jesse  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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59. Jesse  
    “Then  a  shoot  will  spring  from  the  stem  
    of  Jesse,  And  a  branch  from  his  roots  
    will  bear  fruit.”    
    Isaiah  11:1    
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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60. David  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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61. King  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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62. King  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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63. Virgin  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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64. Christ  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    The  naGons  will  resort  to  the  root  of  Jesse,  
    Who  will  stand  as  a  signal  for  the  peoples;  
    And  His  resGng  place  will  be  glorious.    
    

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65. Christ  
    Doves  =    
    Gius  of  the  Holy  Spirit   The  Spirit  of  the  LORD  will  rest  on  Him,  
    The  spirit  of  wisdom  and  understanding,  
    The  spirit  of  counsel  and  strength,  
    The  spirit  of  knowledge  and  the  fear  of  the  LORD.    
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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66. Ambulatory  and  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  
    Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144  .  
    Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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67. Rose,  Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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68. View Slide

69. Jesse  
    Christ  
    Rose,  Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    

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70. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    

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71. View Slide

72. 17-­‐4,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  1140-­‐1144.  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1140-­‐1144,  
    1194-­‐1220.  
    

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73. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  
    

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74. Central  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    

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75. Chartres  
    (Gothic)  
    Moissac  
    (Romanesque)  
    

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76. Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  Cathedral,  
    c.  1145-­‐1155.  
    

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77. Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    NaGvity  
    PresentaGon  at  the  Temple  
    Sede  SapienGae  =  Throne  of  Wisdom  
    

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78. Central  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    Seven  Liberal  Arts  
    

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79. Rhetoric   Grammar   Music  
    Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    

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80. Aristotle   Pythagoras  
    Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    ScholasGcism  =  the  synthesis  of  classical  philosophy  and  
    ChrisGan  theology  
    

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81. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  
    

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82. Leu  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    Ascension  
    

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83. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  
    

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84. 17-­‐6,  Old  Testament  Kings  and  Queens,  Royal  Portal,  
    West  Façade,  Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  
    

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85. 17-­‐4,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  France,  1140-­‐1145.  
    Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  
    la  Belle  Verrière).    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      
    Notre  Dame  de  la  Belle  Verrière  =  Our  Lady  of  
    the  BeauFful  Window  
    

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86. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      
    

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87. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      
    

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88. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      
    

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89. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  
    

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90. Rose  Window  
    Lancets  
    Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  
    Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  
    France,  1230-­‐1235.  
    

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91. Melchizedek   David   Anna   Solomon   Aaron  
    Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1230-­‐1235.  
    

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92. Castles  =  CasGle   Fleur-­‐de-­‐Lis  =  France  
    e  Window,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1230-­‐1235.  
    

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93. Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
    1230-­‐1235.  
    

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94. “Invisible  Art”  
    Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
    1230-­‐1235.  
    

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95. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  
    

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96. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  
    

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97. Flying  BuKresses,  Chartres  Cathedral,  East  
    Façade  (Apse),  auer  1194.  
    

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98. Pier  BuKresses,  Chartres  Cathedral,  North  
    Façade,  auer  1194.  
    

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