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Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

nichsara
November 08, 2013

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

nichsara

November 08, 2013
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  1. Romanesque  and  Gothic  Architecture  
    Reading:  
    Nigel  Spivey,  “Seeing  the  Invisible”  pp.  
    201-­‐210,  225-­‐244.    
     
    Range:  
    1000-­‐1400  
    Romanesque,  Gothic  
     
    Terms/Concepts:  
    MonasGcism,  BenedicGne,  Cistercian,  
    barrel  vault,  groin  vault,  oblates,  novices,  
    postulants,  cloister,  historiated  column,  
    trumeau,  tympanum,  jambs,  pier  
    buKress,  flying  buKress,  scholasGcism,  
    jambs,  sedes  sapienGae,  seven  liberal  
    arts,  tree  of  Jesse,    
     
    Monument  List:  
      Cluny  Plan,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  
      Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1115.  
      Cistercian  Abbey  at  Fontenay,  
    France,  1139-­‐1147.  
      Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
      Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144,  1194-­‐1220.  

    View Slide

  2. 2 Art and Trade
    border of Holy Roman
    Empire, c.1095
    sources of:
    silver
    copper
    iron
    lead
    tin
    trade centre for Viking
    sculpture (wood/stone/bone)
    and metalwork
    centres of metalwork
    centres of alabaster
    centres of ivory-working
    export of alabaster
    trade route
    Cu
    Pb
    109
    0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 60˚
    60˚
    50˚
    40˚
    10˚
    20˚
    30˚
    Pb
    Pb
    Cu
    Cu
    Cu
    Limerick
    Cork
    Dublin
    Wexford
    York
    Durham
    Cammin (Kamien)
    Gdansk
    ´
    ´
    Lund
    Vejrum
    Lade
    Urnes
    Borbjerg
    Trondheim
    Lincoln
    Norwich
    King’s
    Lynn
    Hull
    London
    Paderborn
    Utrecht Hamburg
    Bruges
    Paris
    Tours Vienna
    Florence
    Venice
    Barcelona
    Perpignan
    Gerona
    Valencia
    Palma
    Toledo
    Seville
    Lisbon
    Cartagena
    Zurich
    Naples
    Rome
    Basle
    Milan
    Pavia
    Genoa
    Siena
    Pisa
    Avignon
    Limoges
    Bordeaux
    Fuenterrabia
    Aviles
    Morella
    Nantes
    Ecaquelon
    Kermaria
    Chatelaudren
    Roscoff
    Cologne
    Toulouse
    Montpellier
    Santiago de
    Compostela
    Burgos
    Zamora
    Silos
    Palermo Messina
    Catania
    Otok
    Prague
    Buda
    Kiev
    Novgorod
    Waterford
    Winchester
    Tutbury
    Dartmouth
    Bristol
    St Albans
    Poole
    Evreux
    Southampton
    Wolin
    Zuchau
    Gross-Grönau
    Ribe
    Kaupang
    Oseberg
    Flatalunga
    Dorestad
    Sigtuna
    Po
    Danube
    Dnieper
    Dvina
    Volga
    Rhône
    Loire
    Sein
    e
    E
    lbe
    Od
    er
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C
    O C E A N
    N O R T H
    S E A
    BAY O F
    B I S C AY
    BALT
    IC
    SEA
    B L A C K S E A
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    PYRENEES
    A L P S
    HARZ
    MTS
    SICILY
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    NORWAY
    ICELAND
    SWEDEN
    POLAND
    ENGLAND
    FRANCE
    NORMANDY
    SCOTLAND
    IRISH
    KINGDOMS
    WELSH
    PRINCIPALITIES
    HUNGARY
    KINGDOM
    OF ITALY
    BYZANTINE
    EMPIRE
    KINGDOM
    OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    DENMARK
    S E L J U K
    E M P I R E S
    FIN
    N
    O
    -U
    G
    RIA
    N
    S
    T
    U
    R
    K
    I C
    P
    E
    O
    P
    L E S
    carved wood
    carved
    wood
    N
    0
    0
    250 miles
    350 kms
    2 THE SUPPLY OF MATERIALS was
    essential for art production. In
    Germany and in England, local
    stone was in good supply and
    was a perfect source for
    buildings and sculpture, while
    in Scandinavia patrons and
    artists exploited the rich
    timber resources. Rare
    materials like alabaster and
    metal were exploited at
    source and then exported to
    other regions. Trade, a crucial
    factor in the growing
    European economy, fuelled
    the arts. In turn, trade routes
    contributed to the dispersal of
    craftsmen and their methods.
    their newly found positions of power by
    patronizing the arts. They constructed castles
    cathedrals. The monasteries that dotted the
    landscape were also important centres of
    much of the intellectual creativity was
    concentrated on devotional subjects.

    View Slide

  3. 10˚

    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚

    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    View Slide

  4. Saint-­‐MarGn-­‐du-­‐Canigou,  French  Pyrenees,  
    1001-­‐1026.  

    View Slide

  5. Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    ★ The  Romans  were  known  for  their  
    advancements  in  arch  and  vault  technology.  

    View Slide

  6. Groin  Vault  
    Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Interior  
    Vaults,  Rome,  72-­‐80  BCE.    
    ★ Roman  vaults  were  typically  made  with  
    concrete,  which  is  lighter  and  easier  to  
    form  than  stone.  

    View Slide

  7. ★  The  knowledge  to  make  concrete  was  lost  to  
    Medieval  Europe.  
    Saint-­‐MarGn-­‐du-­‐Canigou,  French  Pyrenees,  
    1001-­‐1026.  
    Groin  Vault  

    View Slide

  8. 10˚
    40˚
    50˚
    60˚
    Toulouse
    Périgueux
    Aniane
    Narbonne Lérins
    Gerona
    Poitiers
    Saintes
    St Maixent
    Vienne
    Chalon
    Arles
    Gellone
    Urgel
    Liebana
    Bordeaux
    Aix-en-Provence
    London
    Paris
    Fleury
    Milan
    Bobbio
    Monza
    Ratisbon
    Freising
    Mondsee
    Salzburg
    St Gall
    Chur
    Müstair
    Constance
    Verona
    Venice
    Aquileia
    Ravenna
    Lucca
    Nonantola
    Rome
    Monte Cassino
    Farfa
    Naples
    Lyon
    Barcelona
    25
    Utrecht
    York
    Cividale
    Lorsch
    Strasbourg
    Jarrow
    Whitby
    Bangor
    Nendrum
    Monasterboice
    Glendalough
    Clonard
    St Mullin’s
    Lindisfarne
    Monkwearmouth
    Jouarre
    Echternach
    Reims
    Dol
    Corbie
    Aachen
    Cologne
    Stavelot
    1
    2
    3
    9
    10
    8
    22
    14
    11 12
    4
    Murbach
    5
    6
    7
    16
    Flavigny
    18
    21
    19
    17 15
    13
    24 Metz
    Trier
    Lobbes
    Laon
    20
    Essen
    Nivelles
    Péronne
    St Vaast d’Arras
    23
    Basle
    Reichenau
    Dijon
    Luxeuil
    Disentis
    Augsburg
    St Wandrille
    Léhon
    Redon Le Mans
    Nantes
    Noirmoutier
    St Philibert-de-Grand-Lieu
    Landévennec
    Jumieges
    St Bertin
    Liège
    Osnabrück
    Münster
    Bremen
    Hamburg
    Verden
    Minden
    Gandersheim
    Hersfeld
    Fulda
    Mainz
    Würzburg
    Amorbach
    Melrose
    Ruthwell
    Ripon
    Iona
    Clonmacnoise
    Armagh
    Malmesbury
    St Denis
    Orléans
    Tours
    Benevento
    San Vincenzo
    Salerno
    Vivarium
    Pavia
    Canterbury
    Langres
    Bourges
    Rhône
    Tagus
    Ebro
    Danube
    Elbe Vistula
    A T L A N T I C
    O C E A N
    N O R T H
    S E A
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    A
    D
    R
    I A
    T I C
    S E A
    BA
    L
    T
    I C
    S E A
    A L P S
    PYRE N E E S
    B
    ALEARIC IS
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    SICILY
    2 Monasteries, Writing Centres and Artistic Work
    Carolingian schools/scriptoria/literary centres
    important monasteries founded 4th-7th century
    monasteries founded 6th-9th century
    probable centres of manuscript illumination
    distribution of objects decorated in the Tassilo chalice style
    N
    0
    0
    200 miles
    300 kms
    1. Prüm
    2. Weissenburg
    3. Faremoutiers
    4. Troyes
    5. Chiemsee
    6. Tegernsee
    7. Benediktbeuern
    8. St Amand
    9. Meaux
    10. Amiens
    11. Whithorn
    12. Hexham
    13. Sens
    14. Chelles
    15. Auxerre
    16. Autun
    17. St Germigny-des-Prés
    18. Ferrières
    19. Nevers
    20. Maastricht
    21. St Germain-des-Prés
    22. Rouen
    23. St Riquier
    24. Hauvillers
    25. Werden
    2 MONASTERIES WERE FOUNDED by local
    with the support of local aristocraci
    also by missionaries, often coming f
    Isles. A few were large and wealthy,
    many small and poor ones required
    implements of valued materials and
    along with reliquaries and books. A
    engaged in production, but all prov
    for artistic works.
    similarly incorporated in liturgica
    luxury bookbindings.
    The Roman tradition survived
    and through Christianity, Rome b
    contemporaries not the city of Ca
    Augustus but of saints Peter and
    great churches built in late Antiq
    Constantine and his followers co
    use, but during this period only o
    building was converted for Christ
    Hadrian’s domed Pantheon was r
    S. Maria ad Martyres in 609. In a f
    new phenomenon, large painted
    panels representing Christ or his
    created and displayed in many ch
    sometimes carried in processions
    city, for example the so-called Ch
    kept in the Lateran chapel of the
    Sanctorum (‘the Holy of Holies’)
    at least the end of the eighth cen
    Greco-Roman civilization was
    culture in which books played a l
    their role was both altered and in
    through the emergence and trium
    Christianity and Islam (establishe
    the 8th century). Each of them ha
    book at its core and both develop
    of decorated book commonly refe
    ‘illuminated’. Even in late Antiquit
    MonasGcism:  1000-­‐1200  
    •  Extensive  Reforms  
    around  the  
    BenedicGne  Order.  
    •  New  Orders  Formed  
    •  Thousands  of  
    buildings  built  and  
    remodeled.  

    View Slide

  9. 10˚

    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚

    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    View Slide

  10. Cluny  Plan  
    Cluny  Plan,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  

    View Slide

  11. Cluny  ReconstrucGon,  France,  1088-­‐1130.  

    View Slide

  12. Restored  View  of  the  third  abbey  church  (Cluny  III),  Cluny,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  

    View Slide

  13. Cluny  Nave,  
    ReconstrucGon,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  

    View Slide

  14. View Slide

  15. Cluny  Today  Archaeological  Park,  2010.    

    View Slide

  16. 10˚

    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚

    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    View Slide

  17. Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  

    View Slide

  18. South  Portal,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  
    France,  c.  1115.  

    View Slide

  19. Diagram of Romanesque portal.
    Tympanum  
    South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
    France. c.1115.

    View Slide

  20. Christ in Majesty, South portal of Saint-Pierre,
    Moissac, France, c.1115.
    MaKhew  
    Mark   Luke  
    John  
    Twenty-­‐Four  Elders  

    View Slide

  21. Trumeau  
    South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac,
    France. c.1115.

    View Slide

  22. Trumeau, South Portal
    Lions and Old Testament
    Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?)
    c.1115
    Church of Saint-Pierre
    Moissac, France
    (Stokstad 15-23)
    Trumeau, South Portal, Lions and Old Testament
    Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), Church of Saint-Pierre,
    Moissac, France, c.1115.

    View Slide

  23. Trumeau, South Portal, Lions (Jeremiah or Isaiah?),
    Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, c.1115

    View Slide

  24. South portal of Saint-Pierre. Moissac, France. c.1115-1135.

    View Slide

  25. Vices/Lazarus,  Porch,  South  
    Portal,  Priory  Church  at  
    Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.    

    View Slide

  26. Lazarus  and  Dives,  Porch,  South  Portal,  
    Priory  Church  at  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.    
     
     
     
    Dives  
     
     
     
    Lazarus  the  Leper  
     
    Soul  
     
    Soul  

    View Slide

  27. Death  
    of  a  
    Miser  
    Torment  of  
    Avarice  
    Torment  
    of  Lust  
    Scene  of  
    Torment  

    View Slide

  28. Historiated  Column  
    Cloister,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1115.  

    View Slide

  29. Cloister  Relief  
    “Dove  Capital,”  Cloister,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1115.  

    View Slide

  30. The  Followers  of  Jesus,  Historiated  Capital,  
    Cloister,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    “Monsters”  

    View Slide

  31. Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  
    Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  
    Lions’  Heads  
    Griffons  aKacking  lions  

    View Slide

  32. Purse  Cover,  SuKon  Hoo,  England,  7th  century  CE.  
    Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  
    1100-­‐1115.  

    View Slide

  33. 10˚

    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    Lisbon
    Alcobaca
    Tomar
    Coimbra
    Oporto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    Santiago de Compostela
    Evora
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    T
    agus
    Rhône
    Rhine
    A T L A N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern
    1000-120
    borders
    border o
    Holy Rom
    cathedra
    with scu
    cathedra
    with no
    castle
    palace
    centre o
    illumina
    mural pa
    bronze d
    stained
    mosaics
    centres
    early Go
    - Poncé
    - Tours
    - Orléans
    - Vendôme
    - Dourdan
    - Château-Landon
    - Bourges
    - Brinay
    - Loches
    - Tavant
    - Montmorrillon
    - Nohant-Vicq
    - Paray-le-Monial
    - Berzé-la-Ville
    - Rocamadour
    - Ravello
    - Parma
    - Pianella
    - Bominaco
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    2
    10˚

    4
    Jumièges
    Fécamp
    Coutances
    Bayeux
    Château Gontier
    Provins
    St Denis
    Huym St Hubert
    Rouen
    Gisors Reims
    Laon
    Dinant
    Stavelot
    Troyes
    Avesnes
    Valenciennes
    Saint-Amand
    Périgueux
    Souillac
    Cahors
    Bordeaux
    Moissac
    Limoges
    Conques
    Toulouse
    Angoulême
    a
    rto
    Ávila
    Sigena
    ompostela
    ra
    Seville
    Granada
    Córdoba
    Guadalajara
    Arévalo
    La Roda
    Oviedo
    León
    Jaca
    Tahull
    Leyre
    Pamplona
    Salamanca
    Zamora
    Ciudad
    Rodrigo
    Sahagún
    Las Huelgas
    Silos
    Burgos
    Loarre
    Huesca
    Tarragona
    Roda da Ribagorça
    Lérida Gerona
    Fenovillar
    L'Écluse
    Sorède
    Ripoll
    Poblet
    Cuxa
    San Pedro de Roda
    Avignon
    Carcassonne
    St Gilles-du-Gard
    Aix
    Marseille
    Arles
    Cluny
    Macon
    St Chef
    Lyon
    Ebreuil
    Lavaudieu
    Perrecy-les-Forges
    Autun
    Strasbourg
    Châlons-sur-Marne
    Sens
    Auxerre
    Saulieu
    Nevers
    Orbais
    Fontevrault
    Souvigny
    Le Puy
    Cressac
    Brioude
    Clermont-
    Ferrand
    Angers
    St André des Eaux
    Langeais Cîteaux
    Besançon
    Payerne
    Ravello
    Amalfi
    Atrani
    Monte Cassino
    Castellamare di Stabia
    Calvi
    Trani
    Canosa
    Bari
    Molfetta
    Troia
    Anagni
    Sta Elia
    di Nepi
    Palermo
    Caltanisetta
    Taormina
    Messina
    Adrano
    Monreale
    Ravenusa
    Cefalù
    Mazara
    Siena Sant’ Antimo
    Assisi
    Ancona
    Spoleto Ferentillo
    Marcellina
    Ronzano Fossascesia
    Rome
    Tivoli
    Tuscania
    Termeno
    Todi
    Lucca
    Borgo di
    S. Donnino
    Piacenza
    Turin
    Ferrara
    Pompasa
    Bologna
    Modena
    Genoa
    Spigno
    Verona
    Venice Torcello
    Trieste
    Aquileia
    Castel Appiano
    Vicenza
    Cremona
    Como
    Civate
    Milan
    Chiaravalle
    Vercelli
    Novara
    Pisa
    Volterra
    Cortona
    Montepulciano
    Gimignano
    Florence
    Pistoia
    Poitiers Chauvigny
    Niort
    St Savin
    Les
    Andelys
    Bec
    St Evrault
    Falaise
    Caen
    Mayenne
    Mont-Saint-Michel
    Syracuse
    Vézelay
    Clairvaux
    Cambrai
    Noyon
    Thérouanne
    St Bertin
    Arras
    Loire
    Po
    Eb
    ro
    Guadalquivir
    us
    Rhône
    Rhine
    N T I C O C E A N
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    R I A T I C
    S
    E A
    P
    Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    KINGDOM
    OF
    GERMANY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BOHEMIA
    KINGDOM OF ITALY
    KINGDOM
    OF
    BURGUNDY
    KINGDOM
    OF SICILY
    E
    M
    P
    I
    R
    E
    O
    F
    T H E A L M O H A D S
    P O
    R T U G A L
    MUSLIM KINGDOM
    OF MALLORCA
    LEÓN
    CASTILE
    PAPAL STATES
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    ARAGON
    FRANCE
    NAVARRE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    23
    33
    34
    35
    26
    32 36
    37
    31
    28 29
    30
    27
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11 12
    13
    14
    24
    25
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    15
    N
    0
    0
    150 miles
    200 kms
    1 Southern Europe,
    1000-1200
    borders c. 1180
    border of the
    Holy Roman Empire
    cathedral/abbey
    with sculpture
    cathedral/abbey
    with no sculpture
    castle
    palace
    centre of manuscript
    illumination
    mural paintings
    bronze doors
    stained glass
    mosaics
    centres of metalwork
    early Gothic architecture
    andon
    illon
    cq
    Monial
    ille
    ur
    - Foro Claudio
    - Sant’ Angelo in Formis
    - Benevento
    - Le Mans
    - Lausanne
    - St Maurice d’Augaune
    - Paris
    - Pontigny
    - Étampes
    - St Loup de Naud
    - Preuilly
    - Ivry la Bataille
    - Mantes
    - Châteaudun
    - Chartres
    - Braine
    - Senlis
    - St Germer-de-Fly
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    View Slide

  34. Cistercian  Abbey  at  Fontenay,  France,  
    1139-­‐1147.  

    View Slide

  35. Fontenay  Abbey,  Plan,  France,  1139-­‐1147.    

    View Slide

  36. Portal,  Fontenay  Abbey   Portal,  Priory  Church,  Moissac  
    Façade,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  
    1139-­‐1147.  

    View Slide

  37. “immoderate  height  of  [Cluniac]  churches…their  
    immoderate  length,  their  excessive  width,  
    sumptuous  decoraGon  and  finely  executed  
    pictures,  which  divert  the  aKenGon  of  those  
    who  are  praying.”    
    –  Bernard  of  Clairvaux,  Apologia.    
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  
    France,  1139-­‐1147.  
    Nave,  Monastery  at  Cluny,  
    France,  1088-­‐1130.  

    View Slide

  38. Capital  Detail  
    Capital  Detail  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  
    France,  1139-­‐1147  
    Cloister,  Priory  Church,  
    Moissac,    

    View Slide

  39. “What  profit  is  there  in  those  ridiculous  monsters,  in  
    that  marvelous  and  deformed  comeliness,  that  
    comely  deformity?...So  many  and  so  marvelous  are  
    the  varieGes  of  divers  shapes  on  every  hand  that  we  
    are  more  tempted  to  read  in  the  marble  than  in  our  
    books,  and  spend  the  whole  day  in  wondering  at  
    these  things  than  in  meditaGng  upon  the  law  of  God.    
    For  God’s  sake,  if  men  are  not  ashamed  of  these  
    follies,  why  at  least  do  they  not  shrink  from  the  
    expense?”    
    –Bernard  of  Clairvaux  
    Historiated  Capital  with  Lions’  Heads,  Cloister,  
    Priory  Church,  Moissac,  France,  c.  1115.  

    View Slide

  40. Example  of  Cistercian  ProporGons  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  1139-­‐1147.  

    View Slide

  41. Example  of  Cistercian  ProporGons  
    Nave,  Fontenay  Abbey,  France,  1139-­‐1147.    

    View Slide

  42. View Slide

  43. View Slide

  44. Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    Plan  

    View Slide

  45. Statue  of  St.  Denis,  
    Notre  Dame  of  Paris,    
    Façade,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  46. “Delight  in  the  beauty  of  the  house  of  
    God…call  him  away  from  external  
    cares…dwelling  in  some  strange  region  
    of  the  universe  which  neither  exists  
    enGrely  in  the  slime  of  the  earth  nor  
    enGrely  in  the  purity  of  heaven…
    transported  from  this  inferior  to  that  
    higher  world.”    
    “We  profess  that  we  must  do  homage  
    through  the  outward  ornaments  of  
    sacred  vessels,  and  to  nothing  in  the  
    world  in  an  equal  degree  to  the  service  
    of  the  Holy  Sacrifice,  with  all  inner  
    purity  and  with  all  outward  splendor.”  
    Abbot  Suger,  Jesse  Window,  St.  
    Denis,  c.  13th  century.    

    View Slide

  47. Bernard  of  Clairvaux,  Upper  Rhein,  
    c.  1450.  
    “Money  is  won  with  such  skill  that  it  may  be  
    mulGplied.    It  is  expended  so  that  it  may  be  
    increased,  and  pouring  it  out  produces  
    abundance.    The  Reason  is  that  the  very  sight  
    of  these  costly  but  wonderful  illusions  inflames  
    the  men  more  to  give  than  to  pray.”  
    “To  me  [golden  images]  somehow  represent  
    the  ancient  rite  of  the  Jews…  Or  is  it  that  since  
    we  have  been  mingled  with  the  genGles,  
    perhaps  we  have  also  adopted  their  ways  and  
    even  serve  their  idols.”  
    “O  vanity  of  vaniGes,  but  no  more  vain  than  
    insane!    The  Church  is  radiant  in  its  walls  and  
    desGtute  in  its  poor.    It  dresses  its  stones  in  
    gold  and  it  abandons  its  children  naked.    It  
    serves  the  eyes  of  the  rich  at  the  expense  of  
    the  poor.    The  curious  find  that  which  may  
    delight  them,  but  those  in  need  do  not  find  
    that  which  should  sustain  them.”  

    View Slide

  48. Tomb  of  Queen  Arnegunde,  at  St.  Denis,  Paris,  
    580-­‐590  CE.  

    View Slide

  49. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  50. Sarcophagus  Detail,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  51. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

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  52. Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    “And  what  of  the  sun’s  rays?    Light  comes  from  the  good,  and  light  is  an  
    image  of  this  archetypal  Good.    Thus  the  Good  is  also  by  the  name  
    “Light,”  just  as  an  archetype  is  real  in  its  image.    The  goodness  of  the  
    transcendent  God  reaches  from  the  highest  and  most  perfect  forms  of  
    being  to  the  very  lowest.    And  yet  it  remains  above  and  beyond  them  all,  
    superior  to  the  highest  and  yet  stretching  out  to  the  lowliest.    It  gives  
    light  to  everything  capable  of  receiving  it,  it  creates  them,  keeps  them  
    alive,  preserves  and  perfects  them.    Everything  looks  to  it  for  measure,  
    eternity,  number,  order.    It  is  the  power,  which  embraces  the  universe.    
    It  is  the  Cause  of  the  universe  and  its  end.”  –Pseudo  Dionysus    

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  53. Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    “Elegant  and  praiseworthy  
    extension  in  [the  form  of]  a  
    circular  string  of  chapels,  by  
    virtue  of  which  the  whole  
    [church]  would  shine  with  the  
    wonderful  and  uninterrupted  
    light  of  most  sacred  windows,  
    pervading  in  the  interior  
    beauty.”—Abbot  Suger  

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  54. Romanesque  vs.  Gothic  VaulGng  
    Nave,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

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  55. Romanesque  vs.  Gothic  VaulGng  
    Ribs  
    Vaults  of  the  ambulatory  and  apsidal  chapels,  abbey  
    church.    Saint-­‐Denis.    1140-­‐1144.    

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  56. 17-­‐2,  Ambulatory  and  Apse  Chapel,  
    Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  
    Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  57. Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  
    Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  58. Jesse  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  59. Jesse  
    “Then  a  shoot  will  spring  from  the  stem  
    of  Jesse,  And  a  branch  from  his  roots  
    will  bear  fruit.”    
    Isaiah  11:1    
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  60. David  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  61. King  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  62. King  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  63. Virgin  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  64. Christ  
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  
    The  naGons  will  resort  to  the  root  of  Jesse,  
    Who  will  stand  as  a  signal  for  the  peoples;  
    And  His  resGng  place  will  be  glorious.    

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  65. Christ  
    Doves  =    
    Gius  of  the  Holy  Spirit   The  Spirit  of  the  LORD  will  rest  on  Him,  
    The  spirit  of  wisdom  and  understanding,  
    The  spirit  of  counsel  and  strength,  
    The  spirit  of  knowledge  and  the  fear  of  the  LORD.    
    Tree  of  Jesse,  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  66. Ambulatory  and  Apse  Chapel,  Abbey  
    Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144  .  
    Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  
    Denis,  France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  67. Rose,  Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  68. View Slide

  69. Jesse  
    Christ  
    Rose,  Transept,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  
    France,  1140-­‐1144.  

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  70. Sarcophagi,  Abbey  Church  of  St.  Denis,  France,  
    1140-­‐1144.  

    View Slide

  71. View Slide

  72. 17-­‐4,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  1140-­‐1144.  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1140-­‐1144,  
    1194-­‐1220.  

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  73. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  

    View Slide

  74. Central  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  

    View Slide

  75. Chartres  
    (Gothic)  
    Moissac  
    (Romanesque)  

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  76. Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  Cathedral,  
    c.  1145-­‐1155.  

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  77. Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    NaGvity  
    PresentaGon  at  the  Temple  
    Sede  SapienGae  =  Throne  of  Wisdom  

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  78. Central  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    Seven  Liberal  Arts  

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  79. Rhetoric   Grammar   Music  
    Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  

    View Slide

  80. Aristotle   Pythagoras  
    Right  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    ScholasGcism  =  the  synthesis  of  classical  philosophy  and  
    ChrisGan  theology  

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  81. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  

    View Slide

  82. Leu  Tympanum,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  
    Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155  (See  17-­‐5).  
    Ascension  

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  83. 17-­‐5,  Royal  Portal,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  

    View Slide

  84. 17-­‐6,  Old  Testament  Kings  and  Queens,  Royal  Portal,  
    West  Façade,  Chartres  Cathedral,  c.  1145-­‐1155.  

    View Slide

  85. 17-­‐4,  West  Façade,  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  France,  1140-­‐1145.  
    Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  
    la  Belle  Verrière).    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      
    Notre  Dame  de  la  Belle  Verrière  =  Our  Lady  of  
    the  BeauFful  Window  

    View Slide

  86. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      

    View Slide

  87. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      

    View Slide

  88. Virgin  and  Child  and  angels  (Notre  Dame  de  la  
    Belle  Verrière),    Window  at  Chartres  
    Cathedral,  c.1170.      

    View Slide

  89. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  

    View Slide

  90. Rose  Window  
    Lancets  
    Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  
    Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  
    France,  1230-­‐1235.  

    View Slide

  91. Melchizedek   David   Anna   Solomon   Aaron  
    Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1230-­‐1235.  

    View Slide

  92. Castles  =  CasGle   Fleur-­‐de-­‐Lis  =  France  
    e  Window,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  1230-­‐1235.  

    View Slide

  93. Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
    1230-­‐1235.  

    View Slide

  94. “Invisible  Art”  
    Rose  Window  and  Lancets,  North  Transept,  Chartres  Cathedral,  France,  
    1230-­‐1235.  

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  95. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  

    View Slide

  96. Chartres  Cathedral,  North  Façade,  auer  
    1194.  

    View Slide

  97. Flying  BuKresses,  Chartres  Cathedral,  East  
    Façade  (Apse),  auer  1194.  

    View Slide

  98. Pier  BuKresses,  Chartres  Cathedral,  North  
    Façade,  auer  1194.  

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