Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Sign up for free
Menu
Search
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Pricing
Search
Sign in
Sign up for free
[Crypto in CTF] Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Fo...
Search
oalieno
October 31, 2020
Technology
690
0
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
[Crypto in CTF] Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery
https://github.com/oalieno/Crypto-Course/tree/master/RSA
oalieno
October 31, 2020
More Decks by oalieno
See All by oalieno
[Crypto in CTF] Classical Cipher
oalieno
0
530
[Crypto in CTF] Block Cipher Mode
oalieno
0
1.1k
[Crypto in CTF] HASH
oalieno
0
360
[Crypto in CTF] LFSR
oalieno
0
590
[Crypto in CTF] RSA
oalieno
0
850
[Crypto in CTF] Blockchain Security
oalieno
0
480
滲透測試基本技巧與經驗分享
oalieno
2
1.3k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
お客様の「やりたい」の先を見通す合意形成プロセス ~裏にある課題と不安を解きほぐすコツ~
yukakoseki
0
120
Sinatra on PicoRuby ローカルでセルフホスト
bash0c7
0
110
新卒エンジニア、 介護士になる
ryu1013
1
690
AWS基盤改善を支える 私たちの理念と行動指針
kentosuzuki
0
130
AI時代に求められる優秀なTechLeadの振る舞い
pospome
11
15k
自律的なチームを作るためにTechPMがやらないこと
ny7760
1
530
「いつか使う」の「いつか」は来ない 〜AI駆動開発における「作らない」判断について〜
ikki0006
0
170
Context Ontology Accelerator 入門 (業務データの意味を、AI エージェントに渡す)
inariku
PRO
3
570
デザインレビューは自動化できるのか?─ Flutter × Figma で UI 品質保証を考える
techiro
2
830
`go get`したらELFが降ってきた件
taiyow
0
190
Sizing, Benchmarking and Performance Tuning Apache Flink Clusters
rmetzger
0
140
AX時代の自治体支援リソース再配分と役割分担の再構成:戦略とロードマップ(概要)
sishi2026
0
200
Featured
See All Featured
Max Prin - Stacking Signals: How International SEO Comes Together (And Falls Apart)
techseoconnect
PRO
0
520
[Rails World 2023 - Day 1 Closing Keynote] - The Magic of Rails
eileencodes
38
3.1k
Public Speaking Without Barfing On Your Shoes - THAT 2023
reverentgeek
1
660
Chasing Engaging Ingredients in Design
codingconduct
0
390
Primal Persuasion: How to Engage the Brain for Learning That Lasts
tmiket
0
520
A Soul's Torment
seathinner
8
3.9k
The Anti-SEO Checklist Checklist. Pubcon Cyber Week
ryanjones
0
290
Digital Ethics as a Driver of Design Innovation
axbom
PRO
1
510
New Earth Scene 8
popppiees
4
2.8k
What’s in a name? Adding method to the madness
productmarketing
PRO
24
4.2k
The browser strikes back
jonoalderson
0
1.9k
Introduction to Domain-Driven Design and Collaborative software design
baasie
1
1.1k
Transcript
Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) oalieno
PKCS
PKCS • PKCS ( Public Key Cryptography Standards ) 是公鑰密碼標準
• 制定了了⼀一系列列從 PKCS#1 到 PKCS#15 的標準 • 其中 PKCS#1 是 RSA Cryptography Standard
ASN.1 • ASN.1 是⾼高階的抽象標準 • 具體的實作編碼規則有 : BER, CER, DER,
PER, XER
PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313 Step 1 : Message Digest M
H(M) HASH Sign
• ASN.1 是編碼數據的格式,這裡紀錄了了使⽤用的 hash 演算法 H(M) ASN.1 01 FF …
00 FF D = 00 padding Step 2 : Data Encoding Sign PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313
Step 3 : RSA encryption D d % n =
S Sign PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313
Step 1 : RSA decryption Verify S e % n
= D PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313
Step 2 : Data Decoding Verify • 需要 parse 這個格式取出
H(M) • 這個標準沒有說要怎麼 parse • 如果 e 太⼩小且沒有正確的 parse,就有機會偽造簽章 H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF D = 00 PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313
Step 3 : Message digesting and comparison M' H(M)' H(M)
Verify compare PKCS#1 1.5 Signature https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313
Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 )
Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE • ⼜又稱作
BB06 • 針對 PKCS#1 1.5 ( RFC 2313 ) • RSA 簽章偽造 06
Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE • 實作缺陷
: 可以有多餘的字元在後⾯面 • parse 的時候直接取出後⾯面固定長度的 H(M) • 沒有檢查後⾯面還有沒有東⻄西 H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF 00 Garbage
• 在 e = 3 的情況下可以 forge signature • 嘗試構造
ED 讓 ED 的三次⽅方不超過 n 且滿⾜足以下格式 S 3 % n = H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF 00 Garbage Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE
H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF Garbage 00 D
( length d ) G ( length g ) 2t−15 G + total length t (x + y)3 x3 3x2y + 2g ⋅ D + −2d+g 3xy2 y3 + + = Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE
x = 2t − 15 3 y = (D −
2d) ⋅ 2g 3 ⋅ 22(t − 15) 3 Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE
x = 21019 y = (D − 2288) ⋅ 234
3 • 假設 • Key 長度為 3072 bit • Garbage 長度為 2072 bit • 使⽤用 SHA-1 的話,D 的長度是 288 bit • 最後 ED = x + y 就是我們構造出的合法簽章 Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery ( 2006 ) https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/openpgp/5rnE9ZRN1AokBVj3VqblGlP63QE
RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) CVE-2016-1494
RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/ •
實作缺陷 : padding bytes 可以是任意字元 直接取第⼆二個 0x00 沒有檢查中間的 padding bytes
• 在 e = 3 的情況下可以 forge signature • 嘗試構造
ED 讓 ED 的三次⽅方不超過 n 且滿⾜足以下格式 • ED3 的後綴是 ASN.1 + H(M) • ED3 的前綴是 \x00\x01 H(M) ASN.1 01 ?? … 00 ?? 00 S 3 % n = RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 match RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 match RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 mismatch RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 match RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 match RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
0 S S3 ⽬目標 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 01013 = 1111101 RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
01 … … 00 3 = 92 3f … 68
04 bc 28 76 e4 50 … = 3 • 要讓 ED3 的前綴是 \x00\x01 只要把 \x00\x01... 開三次⽅方 • 最後再把開完三次⽅方的值的後綴換成前⾯面算出來來的後綴 • 就可以成功⾃自⼰己構造合法簽章了了 RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
H(M) ASN.1 01 ?? … 00 ?? 00 92 3f
… bc 28 3 = RSA Signature Forgery in python-rsa ( 2016 ) https://blog.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery-in-python-rsa/
A Decade After Bleichenbacher '06, RSA Signature Forgery Still Works
( 2019 )
A Decade After Bleichenbacher '06, RSA Signature Forgery Still Works
( 2019 ) https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Chau-A-Decade-After-Bleichenbacher-06-RSA-Signature-Forgery-Still-Works.pdf • 整個格式固定是 n 這麼長 • ⽤用 Symbolic Execution 去找到可以任意亂塞的部分有多長
A Decade After Bleichenbacher '06, RSA Signature Forgery Still Works
( 2019 ) https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Chau-A-Decade-After-Bleichenbacher-06-RSA-Signature-Forgery-Still-Works.pdf • 實作缺陷 : padding bytes 可以是任意字元 H(M) ASN.1 01 ?? … 00 ?? 00 CVE-2018-15836 Openswan 2.6.50
CVE-2018-16152 strongSwan 5.6.3 A Decade After Bleichenbacher '06, RSA Signature
Forgery Still Works ( 2019 ) https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Chau-A-Decade-After-Bleichenbacher-06-RSA-Signature-Forgery-Still-Works.pdf • 實作缺陷 : • Algorithm Parameter 可以是任意字元 • Algorithm OID 後⾯面可以有多餘的字元 H(M) 01 FF … 00 FF 00 ASN.1 00 03 20 03 0c Algorithm Parameter 04 10 Algorithm OID
CVE-2018-16150 axTLS 2.1.3 A Decade After Bleichenbacher '06, RSA Signature
Forgery Still Works ( 2019 ) https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Chau-A-Decade-After-Bleichenbacher-06-RSA-Signature-Forgery-Still-Works.pdf • 實作缺陷 : • 可以有多餘的字元在後⾯面 • Algorithm Identifier 可以是任意字元 H(M) 01 FF … 00 FF 00 ASN.1 00 03 20 03 0c Algorithm Identifier 04 10 Garbage
Defense against RSA Signature Forgery
How to defense? • ⽤用其他的簽章演算法,比如說 ECDSA • ⽤用更更⼤大的 e,比如 65537
• parsing based → comparison based H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF 00 H(M) ASN.1 01 FF … 00 FF 00 compare