Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Building Adaptive Systems
Search
Chris Keathley
May 28, 2020
Programming
42
2.6k
Building Adaptive Systems
Chris Keathley
May 28, 2020
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Chris Keathley
See All by Chris Keathley
Solid code isn't flexible
keathley
5
1k
Contracts for building reliable systems
keathley
6
880
Kafka, the hard parts
keathley
3
1.7k
Building Resilient Elixir Systems
keathley
7
2.2k
Consistent, Distributed Elixir
keathley
6
1.5k
Telling stories with data visualization
keathley
1
620
Easing into continuous deployment
keathley
2
380
Leveling up your git skills
keathley
0
750
Generative Testing in Elixir
keathley
0
510
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
Enterprise Web App. Development (2): Version Control Tool Training Ver. 5.1
knakagawa
1
110
GoのWebAssembly活用パターン紹介
syumai
2
960
関数型まつり2025登壇資料「関数プログラミングと再帰」
taisontsukada
1
290
機械学習って何? 5分で解説頑張ってみる
kuroneko2828
0
180
イベントストーミングから始めるドメイン駆動設計
jgeem
3
740
型付きアクターモデルがもたらす分散シミュレーションの未来
piyo7
0
210
MLOps Japan 勉強会 #52 - 特徴量を言語を越えて一貫して管理する, 『特徴量ドリブン』な MLOps の実現への試み
taniiicom
2
620
eBPFを用いたAIネットワーク監視システム論文の実装 / eBPF Japan Meetup #4
yuukit
3
700
💎 My RubyKaigi Effect in 2025: Top Ruby Companies 🌐
yasulab
PRO
1
130
型安全RESTで爆速プロトタイピング – Hono RPC実践
tacke_jp
0
110
Agent Rules as Domain Parser
yodakeisuke
1
450
PT AI без купюр
v0lka
0
210
Featured
See All Featured
Automating Front-end Workflow
addyosmani
1370
200k
Responsive Adventures: Dirty Tricks From The Dark Corners of Front-End
smashingmag
252
21k
Save Time (by Creating Custom Rails Generators)
garrettdimon
PRO
31
1.2k
Visualizing Your Data: Incorporating Mongo into Loggly Infrastructure
mongodb
45
9.6k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
267
13k
[RailsConf 2023] Rails as a piece of cake
palkan
55
5.6k
Principles of Awesome APIs and How to Build Them.
keavy
126
17k
The Success of Rails: Ensuring Growth for the Next 100 Years
eileencodes
45
7.3k
The Psychology of Web Performance [Beyond Tellerrand 2023]
tammyeverts
47
2.8k
Mobile First: as difficult as doing things right
swwweet
223
9.6k
Designing for Performance
lara
609
69k
Code Reviewing Like a Champion
maltzj
524
40k
Transcript
Chris Keathley / @ChrisKeathley / c@keathley.io Building Adaptive Systems
Server Server
Server Server I have a request
Server Server
Server Server
Server Server No Problem!
Server Server
Server Server Thanks!
Server Server
Server Server I have a request
Server Server
Server Server
Server Server I’m a little busy
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I’m a little busy I have more requests!
Server Server I don’t feel so good
Server
Server Welp
Server Welp
All services have objectives
A resilient service should be able to withstand a 10x
traffic spike and continue to meet those objectives
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
What causes overload?
What causes overload? Server Queue
What causes overload? Server Queue Processing Time Arrival Rate >
Little’s Law Elements in the queue = Arrival Rate *
Processing Time
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 1 requests = 10 rps * 100
ms 100ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms BEAM Processes
Little’s Law Server 2 requests = 10 rps * 200
ms 200ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 3 requests = 10 rps * 300
ms 300ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 30 requests = 10 rps * 3000
ms 3000ms BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law Server 30 requests = 10 rps * ∞
ms ∞ BEAM Processes CPU Pressure
Little’s Law 30 requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
Little’s Law ∞ requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
Little’s Law ∞ requests = 10 rps * ∞ ms
This is bad
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Overload Arrival Rate > Processing Time
Overload Arrival Rate > Processing Time We need to get
these under control
Load Shedding Server Queue Server
Load Shedding Server Queue Server Drop requests
Load Shedding Server Queue Server Drop requests Stop sending
Autoscaling
Autoscaling
Autoscaling Server DB Server
Autoscaling Server DB Server Requests start queueing
Autoscaling Server DB Server Server
Autoscaling Server DB Server Server Now its worse
Autoscaling needs to be in response to load shedding
Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server Shut off traffic
Circuit Breakers Server Server
Circuit Breakers Server Server I’m not quite dead yet
Circuit Breakers are your last line of defense
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
Lets Talk About… Queues Overload Mitigation Adaptive Concurrency
We want to allow as many requests as we can
actually handle
None
Adaptive Limits Time Concurrency
Adaptive Limits Actual limit Time Concurrency
Adaptive Limits Actual limit Dynamic Discovery Time Concurrency
Load Shedding Server Server
Load Shedding Server Server Are we at the limit?
Load Shedding Server Server Am I still healthy?
Load Shedding Server Server
Load Shedding Server Server Update Limits
Adaptive Limits Time Concurrency Increased latency
Latency Successful vs. Failed requests Signals for Adjusting Limits
Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease Success state: limit + 1 Backoff
state: limit * 0.95 Time Concurrency
Prior Art/Alternatives https://github.com/ferd/pobox/ https://github.com/fishcakez/sbroker/ https://github.com/heroku/canal_lock https://github.com/jlouis/safetyvalve https://github.com/jlouis/fuse
Regulator https://github.com/keathley/regulator
Regulator.install(:service, [ limit: {Regulator.Limit.AIMD, [timeout: 500]} ]) Regulator.ask(:service, fn ->
{:ok, Finch.request(:get, "https://keathley.io")} end) Regulator
Conclusion
Queues are everywhere
Those queues need to be bounded to avoid overload
If your system is dynamic, your solution will also need
to be dynamic
Go and build awesome stuff
Thanks Chris Keathley / @ChrisKeathley / c@keathley.io