Improving Operations Efficiency with Puppet

Talk from Puppet Camp Paris 2015 by Nicolas Brousse and Julien Fabre, presenting a Continuous Delivery workflow used by the Operations Teams that allowed them to do over 10,000 puppet changes deployment in 2014.

Transcript

1. Improving Operations Efficiency with Puppet April 17th, 2015 Nicolas Brousse | Sr. Director Of Operations Engineering | nicolas@tubemogul.com Julien Fabre | Site Reliability Engineer | julien.fabre@tubemogul.com
2. Who are we? TubeMogul •  Enterprise software company for digital branding •  Over 27 Billions Ads served in 2014 •  Over 30 Billions Ad Auctions per day •  Bid processed in less than 50 ms •  Bid served in less than 80 ms (include network round trip) •  5 PB of monthly video traffic served •  1.1 EB of data stored Operations Engineering •  Ensure the smooth day to day operation of the platform infrastructure •  Provide a cost effective and cutting edge infrastructure •  Team composed of SREs, SEs and DBAs •  Managing over 2,500 servers (virtual and physical)
3. Our Infrastructure Public Cloud On Premises Multiple locations with a mix of Public Cloud and On Premises
4. •  Java (a lot!) •  MySQL •  Couchbase •  Vertica •  Kafka •  Storm •  Zookeeper, Exhibitor •  Hadoop, HBase, Hive •  Terracotta •  ElasticSearch, Kibana •  LogStash •  PHP, Python, Ruby, Go... •  Apache httpd •  Nagios •  Ganglia Technology Hoarders •  Graphite •  Memcached •  Puppet •  HAproxy •  OpenStack •  Git and Gerrit •  Gor •  ActiveMQ •  OpenLDAP •  Redis •  Blackbox •  Jenkins, Sonar •  Tomcat •  Jetty (embedded) •  AWS DynamoDB, EC2, S3...
5. •  2008 - 2010: Use SVN, Bash scripts and custom templates. •  2010: Managing about 250 instances. Start looking at Puppet. •  2011: Started with Puppet 0.25 then upgraded to 2.7 by EOY on 400 servers with 2 contributors. •  2012: 800 servers managed by Puppet. 4 contributors. •  2013: 1,000 servers managed by Puppet. 6 contributors. •  2014: 1,500 servers managed by Puppet. Workflow using Git, Gerrit and Jenkins. 9 contributors. Start migration to 3.7. •  2015: 2,000 servers managed by Puppet. 13 contributors. Five Years Of Puppet!
6. •  2000 nodes •  225 unique nodes definition •  1 puppetmaster •  112 Puppet modules Puppet Stats
7. •  Virtual and Physical Servers Configuration : Master mode •  Building AWS AMI with Packer : Master mode •  Local development environment with Vagrant : Master mode •  OpenStack deployment : Masterless mode Where and how do we use Puppet ?
8. Code Review?
9. •  Gerrit, an industry standard : Eclipse, Google, Chromium, OpenStack, WikiMedia, LibreOffice, Spotify, GlusterFS, etc... •  Fine Grained Permissions Rules •  Plugged to LDAP •  Code Review per commit •  Stream Events •  Use GitBlit •  Integrated with Jenkins and Jira •  Managing about 600 Git repositories A Powerful Gerrit Integration
10. Gerrit in Action
11. •  1 job per module •  1 job for the manifests and hiera data •  1 job for the Puppet fileserver •  1 job to deploy Continuous Delivery with Jenkins Global Jenkins stats for the past year •  ~10,000 Puppet deployment •  Over 8,500 Production App Deployment
12. Team Awareness: HipChat Integration with Hubot
13. Infrastructure As Code •  Follow standard development lifecycle •  Repeatable and consistent server provisioning Continuous Delivery •  Iterate quickly •  Automated code review to improve code quality Reliability •  Improve Production Stability •  Enforce Better Security Practices Puppet Continuous Delivery Workflow: The Vision
14. The Workflow
15. The Workflow : Puppet code logic Puppet environments •  Dedicated node manifests (*.pp) •  Modules deployed by branch with Git submodules All the data in Hiera •  Try to avoid params.pp class •  Store everything : modules parameters, classes, keys, passwords, ...
16. Puppet Code Hierarchy /etc/puppet ├── puppet.conf, hiera.yaml, *.conf ├── hiera └── environments ├── dev │ ├── manifests │ │ ├── nodes/*.pp │ │ └── site.pp │ └── modules │ ├── activemq │ ├── apache │ ├── apf │ ... │ └── zookeeper └── production ├── manifests │ ├── nodes/*.pp │ └── site.pp └── modules ├── activemq … └── zookeeper Git submodules, branch dev Git submodules, branch production
17. Hiera Configuration $ cat /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml --- :backends: - eyaml - yaml :yaml: :datadir: /etc/puppet/hiera :eyaml: :datadir: /etc/puppet/hiera :extension: 'yaml' :pkcs7_private_key: /var/lib/puppet/hiera_keys/private_key.pkcs7.pem :pkcs7_public_key: /var/lib/puppet/hiera_keys/public_key.pkcs7.pem :hierarchy: - fqdn/%{::fqdn} - "%{::zone}/%{::vpc}/%{::hostgroup}" - "%{::zone}/%{::vpc}/all" - "%{::zone}/%{::hostgroup}" - "%{::zone}/all" - hostname/%{::hostname} - hostgroup/%{::hostgroup} - environment/%{::environment} - common :merge_behavior: deeper
18. Hiera eyaml : github.com/TomPoulton/hiera-eyaml •  Hiera backend •  Easy to use •  Powerful CLI : eyaml edit /etc/puppet/hiera/secrets.yaml Encrypt Your Secrets $ cat secret.yaml --- ec2::access_key_id: ENC[PKCS7,MIIBiQYJKoZIhvcNAQcDoIIBejCCAXYCAQAxggEhMII IBHQIBADAFMAACAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAEggEAVIa28OwyaqI5N1TDCvVkBZz3YG+s +Hfzr0lqgcvRCIuJGpq28sQmmuBaQjWY38i86ZSFu0gM6saOHfG64OzVlurO7k/ l0CKeL0JfXNaVM4TUqMaN9dSkL5e2vsmpLKrMASawmarqbLYwllTrTe32H4NWxU1e +qWLeUMr9ciBnA3W1Azm4RIo+3bsvgvMfdks....=]
19. Encrypt Files Blackbox : github.com/StackExchange/blackbox •  Use GPG to encrypt secret files •  Easy to add/delete team members •  No need to change your Puppet code ! # modules/${modules_name}/files/credentials.yaml.gpg file { ‘/etc/app/credentials.yaml’: ensure => ‘file’, owner => ‘root’, group => ‘root’, mode => ‘0644’, source => ‘puppet:///modules/${module_name}/credentials.yaml’ }
20. The Workflow
21. The Workflow : bottlenecks •  Only Ops team members can commit (SRE, SE) •  Review and validation is done only by a SRE •  Jenkins will verify the code but will not validate the commit •  Static Puppet environments •  Rely a lot on server hostnames
22. Flexibility : R10K github.com/adrienthebo/r10k ! •  Dynamic environments •  No Git submodules anymore ! : - ) •  Easy to reproduce any environment •  Can use private and forge Puppet modules •  Can use branches and tags •  Based on Puppetfile Puppet Workflow Reloaded!
23. R10K $ cat Puppetfile forge "https://forgeapi.puppetlabs.com" # Forge modules mod 'pdxcat/collectd' mod 'puppetlabs/rabbitmq' mod 'arioch/redis' mod 'maestrodev/wget' mod 'puppetlabs/apt' mod 'puppetlabs/stdlib' # Tubemogul modules mod "hosts", :git => 'ssh://<gerrit_host>/puppet/modules/hosts', :branch => 'dev' mod "timezone", :git => 'ssh://<gerrit_host>/puppet/modules/timezone', :branch => 'dev' ...
24. Puppet Workflow Reloaded! Better code organization : Roles and Profiles •  Represent the business logic : Roles o  Highest abstraction layer o  Use Profiles for implementation •  Implement the applications : Profiles o  Remove potential code duplication o  Use modules and other Puppet resources
25. Roles/Profiles Pattern class role::logs { include profile::base include profile::logstash::server include profile::elasticsearch } class profile::logstash { $version = hiera('profile::logstash::server::version', '1.4.2') $es_host = hiera('profile::logstash::server::es_host', 'es01') $redis_host = hiera('profile::logstash::server::redis_host', 'redis01') class { 'logstash': package_url => "https://download.elasticsearch.org/logstash/.../logstash_${version}.deb", java_install => true, } logstash::configfile { 'input_redis': content => template('logstash/configfile/logstash.input_redis.conf.erb'), order => 10, } logstash::configfile { 'output_es': content => template('logstash/configfile/logstash.output_es.conf.erb'), order => 30, } }
26. Do not rely on hostname : nodeless approach •  Facts to guide Puppet •  No node myawesomeserver { } anymore •  Enforce a cluster vision •  site.pp gives the configuration logic Puppet Workflow Reloaded! # /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp node default { if $::ec2_tag_tm_role { notify { "Using role : ${ec2_tag_tm_role}": } include "role::${::ec2_tag_tm_role}" } else { fail(‘No role found. Nothing to configure.’) } }
27. •  Specify tags during the provisioning •  Retrieve tags with AWS Ruby SDK and create facts •  New hierarchy AWS EC2 tags $ facter -p | grep ec2_tag ec2_tag_cluster => rtb-bidder ec2_tag_nagios_host => mgmt01 ec2_tag_name => bidder ec2_tag_pupenv => production ec2_tag_tm_role => rtb::bidder :hierarchy: - "%{::zone}/%{::ec2_tag_vpc}/%{::ec2_tag_cluster}" - "%{::zone}/%{::ec2_tag_vpc}/all" - "%{::zone}/all" - vpc/%{::ec2_tag_vpc}/%{::ec2_tag_cluster} - vpc/%{::ec2_tag_vpc}/all - environment/%{::environment} - common
28. New merging and reviewing rules •  Everyone can commit a Puppet code •  Allow everyone to review a Puppet change (+1) •  Allow SE and SRE to validate a Puppet change (+2) •  Auto validation/merging in dev if at least 80% of test (+2)
29. Next improvements •  Acceptance testing with Beaker and Docker •  Full test provisioning with ServerSpec •  PuppetDB to improve the reporting •  Dedicated Puppet Masters
30. OpenSource Modules •  tubemogul-aptly •  tubemogul-blackbox •  tubemogul-codedeploy •  tubemogul-gor •  tubemogul-packer •  tubemogul-tmfile •  tubemogul-storm •  tubemogul-kafka
31. Nicolas Brousse Julien Fabre @orieg @julien_fabre