A gentle introduction into open source

© 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All
rights reserved. D e c e m b e r , 2 0 2 4

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Software licenses and rights Public domain Proprietary license Trade secret Rights in copyright More rights retained More rights relinquished When you write code you start here This is software companies keep well protected

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Copyright is different when you are CREATING vs CONSUMING open source software Copyright is a regional law, however, it is pretty standardised across the world (so check, preferably with a lawyer) Anything outside of the basics, make sure you work with a good IP lawyer For something to be copyrightable it must 1/be an expression of an idea, not the idea itself, 2/it must be permanent, 3/it must be original You do not need to register for copyright (unless you plan to bring a copyright infringement) [US specific] Who owns the copyright? Did you create it in your own time? On your own equipment? Maybe yours otherwise the company you work for.

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. From free software to open-source software The Free Software Foundation defined the Four Freedoms The Open Source Initiative created the Open Source Deﬁnition 1. Free distribution 2. Source code 3. Derived works 4. Integrity of the author’s work 5. No discrimination against persons or groups 6. No discrimination against fields of endeavor 7. Distribution of license 8. License must not be specific to a product 9. License must not restrict other software 10. License must be technology-neutral 1. Run 2. Study 3. Redistribute / copy 4. Modify

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Software licenses and rights Public domain Permissive opensource license Copyleft opensource license Proprietary license Trade secret Rights in copyright More rights retained More rights relinquished When you write code you start here When you apply an open source license There are other licenses you can apply that are NOT open source This is software companies keep well protected

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The cost of building software Do it yourself Investment à Time à Software follows a “S” shaped curve over time: after the initial effort to develop the application, development will typically begin to plateau before reaching maintenance mode Effort

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The cost of building software Do it yourself Investment à Time à Most software development requires the use of code that we have developed before. Only a percentage is net new New Code Re-used code

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The cost of building software Do it yourself Open source The economics of open source Investment à Time à Re-used code (open source)

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. OSI approved licences grant all rights necessary to use the software without negotiation of the rights holder* * Simon Phipps

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Mission critical workloads powered by open source Automotive E-commerce Space Telecommunications Finance and banking Healthcare

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What does an open source license look like? https://opensource.org/osd Copyright <YEAR> <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Open-source licenses Strong copyleft Weak copyleft LGPL Mozilla Eclipse .. .. Apache 2.0 MIT BSD .. .. GPL AGPL CDDL .. .. Compliant with the Open Source Definition Public domain Permissive opensource license Copyleft opensource license Proprietary license Trade secret Permissive

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Obligations under open source Derived Works Distribution Attribution General>Legal & Regulatory > Legal Notices Settings>About>Legal Information “A “derivative work” is a work based upon one or more preexisting works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be recast, transformed, or adapted. A work consisting of editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications which, as a whole, represent an original work of authorship, is a ''derivative work''.” “ give someone else a copy of its code — either its source code, or its binary (executable) code, or both”

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What about data or graphics? Can you use open source licences to license data sets or graphics that you can use in your applications?

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its aﬃliates. All rights reserved. The importance of Trademarks Trademarks enable end users to identify the provenance of a particular open source project, where it came from, and who built it.

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “Open Design” guarantees a transparent and open process for planning and designing the software. It’s about letting go of the control of the design of the software and its feature road- map, and accepting that it should be driven by the community. Open Design

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Governance Project Governance • Request for Comment • How do I become a committer / maintainer? • How is the project run • Code of Conduct • Project values and mission • Documentation • Recording of decisions and key meetings

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Code of Conduct A code of conduct is a document that establishes expectations for behaviour for your project’s participants. Adopting, and enforcing, a code of conduct can help create a positive social atmosphere for your community.

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “Open Development” refers to the adoption of transparent and inclusive development processes that enable everyone to participate as an equal on a level playing field. Open Development

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contribution guidelines Contribution guide • Documented process for contributions • Recording of development decisions • Discussion forums to discuss/agree development • Code of conduct • Testing and automation • Contributor agreements • Code and non code contributions

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Code of Conduct – enforce A code of conduct is a document that establishes expectations for behaviour for your project’s participants. Adopting, and enforcing, a code of conduct can help create a positive social atmosphere for your community.

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contributor agreements Contributor Licence Agreement (CLA) Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO) Chris Liverani Liam Truong

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “Open Community” is about ensuring that the community is a cohesive, inclusive, level playing ground where all the voices are heard and anyone can rise to leadership positions. Open Community

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Building communities – the heart of open source At the heart of all thriving open source projects is the beating heart of community. Community provides the diverse set of skills and experiences to make projects successful Being part of the community is more than providing code. It could be documentation, organisation skills, admin and more

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1 Open source enables a bigger impact when you leverage all four pillars 2 Sometimes you might choose to adopt a single pillar Four pillars help you to identify effort, resourcing and investment you need 3

rights reserved. © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Developers ❤ open source Freedom to experiment Productivity Personal interest Personal development New opportunities Personal brand ❤

rights reserved. Thank you! © 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. @[email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/ricardosueiras 094459.bsky.social https://github.com/094459 You can ask me stuff via…

A gentle introduction into open source

A gentle introduction into open source

More Decks by Ricardo Sueiras

Featured

Transcript