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Index management in shallow depth

Index management in shallow depth

These slides afford in shallow depth the index management question. There are some example on how your choice can change your relation in terms of I/O accesses.

Andrea Giuliano

February 25, 2014
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  1. Disk manager The disk manager provides the following commands for

    a page • allocate a page • deallocate a page • read a page • write a page The size of a page is chosen to be the size of a disk block and pages are stored as disk blocks so that reading or writing a page can be done in one disk I/O Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  2. Buffer manager is the software layer responsible for bringing pages

    from disk to main memory as needed and manages the available main memory by partitioning it into a collection of pages the buffer pool Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  3. B-tree structure data entry: record stored in an index file

    data record: record stored in a database file Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  4. Clustered index data entries and data records have the same

    (or close) order Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  5. Unclustered index data entries and data records have the different

    order criteria Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  6. Dense index An index is dense if every value of

    the search key that appears in the data file appears also in at least one data entry of the index Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  7. An index is sparse if every value of the search

    key that appears in the data entry points to a page of the data record Sparse index Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  8. Insert and delete ..too deep Insert and delete operations must

    keep the tree balanced towards split, redistribution and coalesce techniques. Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  9. ask for code, author, publisher af all books with a

    given cost how many page accesses do we need to answer to the query? Book case Query: • 2.000.000 records (tuples) • 200.000 pages • 10 data record in a page • 200 records with the same value of the attribute cost (on average) • dense non-clustering B+-tree index with search key cost BOOK code author cost publisher Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  10. Let’s build the index structure ! • we know that

    each tuple has 4 field so in each page there are 40 fields • we can infer that 20 data entries fit in one leaf page of the index • so we have a fan-out of 20 Book case • 2.000.000 records (tuples) • 200.000 pages • 10 data record in a page • 200 records with the same value of the attribute cost (on average) • dense non-clustering B+-tree index with search key cost BOOK code author cost publisher Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  11. We know there is an occupancy factor of 67% we

    have 13 data entries in the leaves (each of which can contain 20 data entries) How many leaves are there in the tree?
 2.000.000/13 = 153.846 leaves Book case … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  12. There are 153.846 leaves In order to go to the

    leaves we need Book case log20 (153.846) = 4 I/O page accesses … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  13. Book case Remember, we have on average 200 records with

    the same value of the attribute cost therefore 200/13 = 15 pages (on average)
 We need to visit these leaves because the index is dense and for each tuple we have to access the 200 data record in order to obtain the other attributes … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  14. The total cost is: 
 4 + 15 + 200

    = 219 I/O accesses Book case ~ 3 sec … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  15. • 2.000.000 records (tuples) • 200.000 pages • 10 data

    record in a page • 200 records with the same value of the attribute cost (on average) • sparse clustering B+-tree index with search key cost ask for code, author, publisher af all books with a given cost how many page accesses do we need to answer to the query? BOOK code author cost publisher Book case Query: Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  16. Let’s build the index structure ! • we know that

    each tuple has 4 field so in each page there are 40 fields • we can infer that 20 data entries fit in one leaf page of the index • so we have a fan-out of 20 Book case • 2.000.000 records (tuples) • 200.000 pages • 10 data record in a page • 200 records with the same value of the attribute cost (on average) • sparse clustering B+-tree index with search key cost BOOK code author cost publisher Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  17. We know there is an occupancy factor of 67% we

    have 13 data entries in the leaves (each of which can contain 20 data entries)
 BUT each data entry points to a data record page (and not to a tuple) How many data record pages do we have?
 2.000.000/10 = 200.000 data record pages Book case … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  18. We know there is an occupancy factor of 67% we

    have 13 data entries in the leaves (each of which can contain 20 data entries)
 BUT each data entry points to a data record (and not to a tuple) How many leaves there are in the tree?
 200.000/13 = 15.384 leaves Book case … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  19. There are 15.384 leaves In order to go to the

    leaves we need Book case log20 (15.384) = 3 I/O pages accesses Remember, we have on average 200 data records with the same value of the attribute cost therefore 200/10 = 20 data record pages to visit … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  20. The total cost is: 
 3 + 20 = 23

    I/O accesses Book case ~ 0.3 sec … fan-out: 20 Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  21. And what if the attributes we want
 were part of

    the search key? Book case Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  22. In the worst case we have to visit all the

    2.000.000 tuples Book case without index ~ 50 min Andrea Giuliano @bit_shark
  23. References: https://www.flickr.com/photos/james_wheeler/9340597900/sizes/o/in/photolist-fep1ko-bQByHk- duQ4Qr-82aKA9-82aL6y-8Tn6uc-iPzADZ-99etoQ-cZy6e9-jyqdnW-bxHjLf-8gP59X-cZDq3h-cZDq9d- cZDq8N-cZDq7d-cZDqwy-cZDqym-cZDqCf-cZDqAo-cZDqsS-cZDqnQ-cZDqey-cZDqkA-cZDqkJ- cZDqLh-7Dg8pp-a7f1QC-a7c8rK-7Dg7n6-gCbBVr-9FZ4J1-e6XCpX-aZnsGv-ecTv5D-atFACM- gjXozL-9LBjtC-knoEf8-8LGGqw-a8Hw3M-gvL3bp-a7gmG6-aju6p2- brQ76S-7Ckbm1-85XaXe-8JBcwN-9oYU3p-a3VsvR-atFAup/ http://www.woking.gov.uk/images/instances/00004A290FD4.C0A801BA.000079A7.0015.jpg http://assets.20bits.com/20080513/b-tree.png, http://dblab.cs.toronto.edu/courses/443/2014/basic-index/dense-index.png

    http://dblab.cs.toronto.edu/courses/443/2014/basic-index/sparse-index.png http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/insert-delete_cufflinks.jpg, http:// www.geeky-gadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/insert-delete_cufflinks.jpg http://webhostinggeeks.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/611157_small.jpg https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6237/6230474283_50d1f0f4ac_b.jpg, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ javiercosio/6230474283/sizes/l/in/photolist- auyNWp-9GRjnM-9GRjmZ-9GRjFz-9GRjvV-9GUcPq-9GRjz8-9GRjm4-9GUcTb-9GRjCt-9GUcQC-9GUcY m-9GRjZD-9GRk1Z-9GUcMU-9GUcGh-9GRjsg-9GRjYZ-9GRjTF-9GRjGe-9GRjNe-9GRjBz-9GUcNs-9GU d25-9GUcKS-9GRjPn-9GRjRg-9GUcBh-9GUcVf-9GUcxj-9GUcuu-brLe7G-e8s4Cw- fyi4Rj-83LyYW-83HuFg-83LyLm-83LzUY-83Htrv-83Hv2H-83LBBb-83LAg9-83LBhQ-83Hw8t-83HtKD-83H sYk-afT6uk-cwVhL1-ceVgGC-8tFezr-8SeW9d/