Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
E716_lec10
Search
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Education
0
490
E716_lec10
7th Year, Integrated Technical Education Cluster AlAmeeria
lec#10, Mobile Communication Systems
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Ahmad El-Banna
See All by Ahmad El-Banna
E716_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
0
1.5k
J601_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
1
870
E716_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
1
540
J601_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
0
890
J601_lec10
ahmad_elbanna
1
900
E716_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
620
J601_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
490
J601_lec08.pdf
ahmad_elbanna
1
1k
E716_lec08
ahmad_elbanna
0
390
Other Decks in Education
See All in Education
HyRead2425
cbtlibrary
0
150
Information Architectures - Lecture 2 - Next Generation User Interfaces (4018166FNR)
signer
PRO
0
1.4k
Moodle 4.5 LTS : Guide des nouvelles fonctionnalités 2025-2027
pimenko
0
100
Gesture-based Interaction - Lecture 6 - Next Generation User Interfaces (4018166FNR)
signer
PRO
0
1.6k
Power Automate+ChatGPTを使ってエンジニア教育を改善してみた #RPALT
masakiokuda
0
160
新人研修の課題と未来を考える
natsukokanda1225
0
1.6k
Design Guidelines and Principles - Lecture 7 - Information Visualisation (4019538FNR)
signer
PRO
0
2.3k
FinOpsスキルの効率的な上げ方 #ochacafe
chacco38
1
120
Data Representation - Lecture 3 - Information Visualisation (4019538FNR)
signer
PRO
1
2.3k
CV_1_Introduction
hachama
0
190
保育士チームが実践している連続的な観察と多面的な観察を共有するための振り返り / Reflection to share “continuous and multifaceted observations” as practiced by a team of childcare professionals
psj59129
0
3.7k
環境・社会理工学院 建築学系 大学院入試について|Science Tokyo(東京科学大学)
sciencetokyo
PRO
0
400
Featured
See All Featured
Building a Modern Day E-commerce SEO Strategy
aleyda
39
7.2k
Product Roadmaps are Hard
iamctodd
PRO
52
11k
Java REST API Framework Comparison - PWX 2021
mraible
29
8.5k
Chrome DevTools: State of the Union 2024 - Debugging React & Beyond
addyosmani
4
470
RailsConf 2023
tenderlove
29
1k
jQuery: Nuts, Bolts and Bling
dougneiner
63
7.7k
Responsive Adventures: Dirty Tricks From The Dark Corners of Front-End
smashingmag
251
21k
Building Flexible Design Systems
yeseniaperezcruz
328
38k
Docker and Python
trallard
44
3.3k
For a Future-Friendly Web
brad_frost
176
9.6k
Making Projects Easy
brettharned
116
6.1k
A designer walks into a library…
pauljervisheath
205
24k
Transcript
Lecture #10 Effects of Mobile Radio Propagation (p1) Instructor: Dr.
Ahmad El-Banna December 2014 E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria © Ahmad El-Banna 1
Agenda Types of waves Propagation Mechanisms Path Loss 2 E-716-A,
Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Speed, Wavelength, Frequency System Frequency Wavelength AC current 60 Hz
5,000 km FM radio 100 MHz 3 m Cellular 800 MHz 37.5 cm Ka band satellite 20 GHz 15 mm Ultraviolet light 1015 Hz 10-7 m Light speed = Wavelength x Frequency = 3 x 108 m/s = 300,000 km/s E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 3 3
4 Types of Waves Earth Sky wave Space wave Ground
wave Troposphere (0 - 12 km) Stratosphere (12 - 50 km) Mesosphere (50 - 80 km) Ionosphere (80 - 720 km) E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Radio Frequency Bands Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics Extremely
low ELF < 300 Hz Ground wave Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz Space wave Ultra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 5
6 Propagation Mechanisms • Reflection • Propagation wave impinges on
an object which is large as compared to wavelength - e.g., the surface of the Earth, buildings, walls, etc. • Diffraction • Radio path between transmitter and receiver obstructed by surface with sharp irregular edges • Waves bend around the obstacle, even when LOS (line of sight) does not exist • Scattering • Objects smaller than the wavelength of the propagation wave - e.g. foliage, street signs, lamp posts • Shadowing ! distance sender transmission detection interference E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
7 Radio Propagation Effects Transmitter d Receiver hb hm Diffracted
Signal Reflected Signal Direct Signal Building reflection scattering diffraction shadowing refraction E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Free-space Propagation • The received signal power at distance d:
where Pt is transmitting power, Ae is effective area, and Gt is the transmitting antenna gain. Assuming that the radiated power is uniformly distributed over the surface of the sphere. Transmitter Distance d Receiver hb hm 2 r 4 P d P G A t t e E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 8
9 Antenna Gain • For a circular reflector antenna Gain
G = ( D / )2 = net efficiency (depends on the electric field distribution over the antenna aperture, losses, ohmic heating , typically 0.55) D = diameter thus, G = ( D f /c )2, c = f (c is speed of light) Example: • Antenna with diameter = 2 m, frequency = 6 GHz, wavelength = 0.05 m G = 39.4 dB • Frequency = 14 GHz, same diameter, wavelength = 0.021 m G = 46.9 dB * Higher the frequency, higher the gain for the same size antenna E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
10 Land Propagation • The received signal power: where Gr
is the receiver antenna gain, L is the propagation loss in the channel, i.e., L = LP LS LF L P G G P t r t r Fast fading Slow fading Path loss E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
11 Path Loss (Free-space) • Definition of path loss LP
: Path Loss in Free-space: where fc is the carrier frequency. This shows greater the fc , more is the loss. , r t P P P L ), ( log 20 ) ( log 20 45 . 32 ) ( 10 10 km d MHz f dB L c PF E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
12 Path Loss (Land Propagation) • Simplest Formula: Lp =
A d-α where A and α: propagation constants d : distance between transmitter and receiver α : value of 3 ~ 4 in typical urban area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
13 Example of Path Loss (Free-space) Path Loss in Free-space
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance d (km) Path Loss Lf (dB) fc=150MHz fc=200MHz fc=400MHz fc=800MHz fc=1000MHz fc=1500MHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
14 Path Loss (Urban, Suburban and Open areas) • Urban
area: where • Suburban area: • Open area: ) ( log ) ( log 55 . 6 9 . 44 ) ( ) ( log 82 . 13 ) ( log 16 . 26 55 . 69 ) ( 10 10 10 10 km d m h m h m h MHz f dB L b m b c PU city medium small for MHz f for m h MHz f for m h city e l for MHz f m h MHz f m h c m c m c m c m & , 400 , 97 . 4 ) ( 75 . 11 log 2 . 3 200 , 1 . 1 ) ( 54 . 1 log 29 . 8 arg , 8 . 0 ) ( log 56 . 1 ) ( 7 . 0 ) ( log 1 . 1 ) ( 2 10 2 10 10 10 4 . 5 28 ) ( log 2 ) ( ) ( 2 10 MHz f dB L dB L c PU PS 94 . 40 ) ( log 33 . 18 ) ( log 78 . 4 ) ( ) ( 10 2 10 MHz f MHz f dB L dB L c c PU PO E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
15 Path Loss • Path loss in decreasing order: •
Urban area (large city) • Urban area (medium and small city) • Suburban area • Open area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
• For more details, refer to: • Chapter 2, A.
Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, 2004. • The lecture is available online at: • https://speakerdeck.com/ahmad_elbanna • For inquires, send to: • ahmad.elbanna@feng.bu.edu.eg 16 E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna