Tricks that Rails didn't tell you about @ RailsConf 2014

Transcript

1. Tricks that Rails didn’t
   tell you about
   

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2. Carlos Antonio
   @cantoniodasilva
   

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3. ~6 years
   on Rails
   

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4. I’ve participated in
   several projects with
   different contexts
   

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5. I’ve seen code
   

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6. I’ve seen complex code
   

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7. I’ve seen duplicated code
   

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8. I’ve seen Rails code
   reimplemented in apps
   

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9. How often do you see them?
   All the time. They're everywhere.
   

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10. You get used to it after
    some time
    

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11. And that’s a big problem
    People are afraid to deal with code like that.
    

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12. Rails tricks / features
    

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13. That might help you
    refactor existing code
    or improve your developer life a bit
    

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16. Web Development
    Consultancy
    Mainly focused in Ruby and Rails
    Based in São Paulo - Brazil
    

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18. ❤️
    

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19. plataformatec/devise
    

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20. plataformatec/simple_form
    

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21. elixir-lang/elixir
    

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22. Rails Core Team
    ! Carlos Antonio
    

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23. Rails Core Team
    José Valim Carlos Antonio Rafael França
    

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24. We use pull requests
    and code review
    All the f*cking time.
    

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25. We do cross project
    code review
    Sometimes, when the time allows us.
    

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26. And it’s usual to learn
    new things in the process
    We’re always learning, right?
    

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32. ಠ_ಠ
    I had to do this talk after this look of disapproval
    

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33. Rails tricks / features
    Not used by many
    Not very well known and / or documented
    

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34. What we will see:
    Active Record
    Active Model
    Action Mailer
    Action View
    Action Controller
    Bonus Stuff
    

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35. Active Record
    

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36. migrations: change column null
    class ChangeNameToNotNullOnAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def up
    change_column :authors, :name, :string, null: false
    end
    !
    def down
    change_column :authors, :name, :string, null: true
    end
    end
    

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37. migrations: change column null
    class ChangeNameToNotNullOnAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def up
    change_column_null :authors, :name, false
    end
    !
    def down
    change_column_null :authors, :name, true
    end
    end
    

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38. migrations: change column null
    class ChangeNameToNotNullOnAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def change
    change_column :authors, :name, :string, null: false
    end
    end
    # => ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration
    !
    class ChangeNameToNotNullOnAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def change
    change_column_null :authors, :name, false
    end
    end
    

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39. migrations: change column default
    class ChangeStatusDefaultOnArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def up
    change_column :articles, :status, :string, default: 'draft'
    end
    !
    def down
    change_column :articles, :status, :string, default: 'published'
    end
    end
    

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40. migrations: change column default
    class ChangeStatusDefaultOnArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def up
    change_column_default :articles, :status, 'draft'
    end
    !
    def down
    change_column_default :articles, :status, 'published'
    end
    end
    

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41. migrations: change column default
    class ChangeStatusDefaultOnArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def change
    change_column :articles, :status, :string, default: 'draft'
    end
    end
    # => ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration
    !
    class ChangeStatusDefaultOnArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def change
    change_column_default :articles, :status, 'draft'
    end
    end
    # => ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration
    

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42. Relation#merge
    class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :articles
    !
    scope :with_draft_articles, -> {
    uniq.joins(:articles).
    where(articles: { status: 'draft' })
    }
    end
    

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43. Relation#merge
    >> Author.with_draft_articles.to_sql
    !
    SELECT DISTINCT "authors".*
    FROM "authors"
    INNER JOIN "articles" ON "articles"."author_id" = "authors"."id"
    WHERE "articles"."status" = 'draft'
    

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44. Relation#merge
    class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :articles
    !
    scope :with_draft_articles, -> {
    uniq.joins(:articles).merge(Article.draft)
    }
    end
    

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45. Relation#merge
    >> Author.with_draft_articles.to_sql
    !
    SELECT DISTINCT "authors".*
    FROM "authors"
    INNER JOIN "articles" ON "articles"."author_id" = "authors"."id"
    WHERE "articles"."status" = 'draft'
    

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46. group counting
    >> Article.group(:status).count
    !
    SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, status AS status
    FROM "articles"
    GROUP BY status
    !
    => {"draft"=>7, "published"=>2}
    

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47. group counting: multiple attrs
    >> Article.group(:status, :category).count
    !
    SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all,
    status AS status, category AS category
    FROM "articles"
    GROUP BY status, category
    !
    => {["draft", nil]=>5, ["draft", "Talks"]=>2,
    ["published", "News"]=>1, ["published", "Releases"]=>1}
    

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48. first!
    relation = Article.where(title: 'UNKNOWN')
    !
    relation.first or raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, 'ZOMG not found')
    # => ZOMG Article found (ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound)
    !
    relation.first!
    # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
    

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49. last!
    relation = Article.where(title: 'UNKNOWN')
    !
    relation.last or raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, 'ZOMG not found')
    # => ZOMG Article found (ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound)
    !
    relation.last!
    # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
    

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50. where.not
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :not_draft, -> { where 'status != ?', 'draft' }
    end
    !
    >> Article.not_draft.to_sql
    !
    SELECT "articles".*
    FROM "articles"
    WHERE (status != 'draft')
    

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51. where.not
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :not_draft, -> { where.not status: 'draft' }
    end
    !
    >> Article.not_draft.to_sql
    !
    SELECT "articles".*
    FROM "articles"
    WHERE ("articles"."status" != 'draft')
    

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52. eager load strategies
    >> Article.includes(:author)
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
    !
    SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors"
    WHERE "authors"."id" IN (980190962, 298486374)
    

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53. eager load strategies
    >> Article.includes(:author).order('authors.name')
    !
    SELECT "articles"."id" AS t0_r0 ………… "authors"."updated_at" AS t1_r4
    FROM "articles"
    LEFT OUTER JOIN "authors" ON "authors"."id" = “articles"."author_id"
    ORDER BY authors.name
    

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54. eager load strategies
    >> Article.eager_load(:author)
    !
    SELECT "articles"."id" AS t0_r0 ………… "authors"."updated_at" AS t1_r4
    FROM “articles"
    LEFT OUTER JOIN "authors" ON "authors"."id" = “articles"."author_id"
    

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55. eager load strategies
    >> Article.preload(:author)
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM “articles"
    !
    SELECT "authors".* FROM “authors"
    WHERE "authors"."id" IN (980190962, 298486374)
    

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56. eager load strategies
    >> Article.preload(:author).joins(:author).order('authors.name')
    !
    SELECT "articles".*
    FROM "articles"
    INNER JOIN "authors" ON "authors"."id" = "articles"."author_id"
    ORDER BY authors.name
    !
    SELECT "authors".*
    FROM "authors"
    WHERE "authors"."id" IN (980190962, 298486374)
    

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57. order :asc/:desc
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :recent, -> { order 'created_at DESC' }
    end
    !
    >> Article.recent
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
    ORDER BY created_at DESC
    

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58. order :asc/:desc
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :recent, -> { order created_at: :desc }
    end
    !
    >> Article.recent
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
    ORDER BY "articles"."created_at" DESC
    

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59. pluck
    >> Author.all.map(&:name)
    !
    SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors"
    !
    => ["Author 2", "Author 1"]
    

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60. pluck
    >> Author.select(:name).map(&:name)
    !
    SELECT "authors"."name" FROM "authors"
    !
    => ["Author 2", "Author 1"]
    

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61. pluck
    >> Author.pluck(:name)
    !
    SELECT "authors"."name" FROM "authors"
    !
    => ["Author 2", "Author 1"]
    

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62. pluck: multiple attrs
    >> Author.pluck(:name, :active)
    !
    SELECT "authors"."name", "authors"."active"
    FROM "authors"
    !
    => [["Author 2", true], ["Author 1", true]]
    

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63. pluck: distinct values
    >> Author.distinct.pluck(:name)
    !
    SELECT DISTINCT "authors"."name" FROM "authors"
    !
    => ["Author 2", "Author 1"]
    

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64. to_param
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    def to_param
    "#{id}-#{title.parameterize}"
    end
    end
    !
    >> Article.all.map(&:to_param)
    => ["113629430-autoload",
    "281110143-rails-4-2-0-is-going-to-be-more-adequate",
    "298486374-rails-4-1-0-released",
    "980190962-rails-tricks"]
    

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65. to_param
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    to_param :title
    end
    !
    !
    !
    >> Article.all.map(&:to_param)
    => ["113629430-autoload",
    "281110143-rails-4-2-0-is",
    "298486374-rails-4-1-0-released",
    "980190962-rails-tricks"]
    

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66. exists?/any? vs present?
    <% if @author.articles.exists? %>
    <%= render @author.articles %>
    <% else %>
    No article found.
    <% end %>
    

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67. exists?/any? vs present?
    >> author = Author.first
    !
    >> author.articles.exists?
    !
    SELECT 1 AS one FROM "articles"
    WHERE "articles"."author_id" = ? LIMIT 1 [["author_id", 298486374]]
    !
    => true
    !
    >> author.articles.each {}
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
    WHERE "articles"."author_id" = ? [["author_id", 298486374]]
    

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68. exists?/any? vs present?
    >> author = Author.first
    !
    >> author.articles.present?
    !
    SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
    WHERE "articles"."author_id" = ? [["author_id", 298486374]]
    !
    => true
    !
    >> author.articles.each {}
    !
    # => already loaded, so no query
    

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69. benchmark
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    def self.expensive_operation
    sleep 2
    'did something very expensive'
    end
    end
    

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70. benchmark
    >> start = Time.now
    => 2014-04-21 10:48:30 -0500
    >> Article.expensive_operation
    => "did something very expensive"
    >> finish = Time.now
    => 2014-04-21 10:48:32 -0500
    >> finish - start
    => 2.02356
    

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71. benchmark
    >> ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark 'SUPER EXPENSIVE OPERATION' do
    ?> Article.expensive_operation
    >> end
    SUPER EXPENSIVE OPERATION (2000.9ms)
    => "did something very expensive"
    

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72. benchmark
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    def self.expensive_operation
    benchmark 'SUPER EXPENSIVE OPERATION' do
    sleep 2
    'did something very expensive'
    end
    end
    end
    

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74. http://railsgirlssummerofcode.org/campaign/
    And I got a free hug!
    

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75. Active Model
    

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76. ActiveModel::Model
    class EmailContact
    attr_accessor :name, :email, :message
    !
    def deliver
    if name.present? && email.present? && message.present?
    puts 'deliver email'
    end
    end
    end
    

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77. ActiveModel::Model
    contact = EmailContact.new
    contact.name = 'Carlos'
    contact.email = 'carlos@example.com'
    contact.message = 'ZOMG'
    contact.deliver
    

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78. ActiveModel::Model
    <%= form_for @email_contact … %>
    !
    <%= render @email_contact %>
    

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79. ActiveModel::Model
    class EmailContact
    extend ActiveModel::Naming
    extend ActiveModel::Translation
    include ActiveModel::Validations
    include ActiveModel::Conversion
    !
    attr_accessor :name, :email, :message
    validates :name, :email, :message, presence: true
    !
    def deliver
    if valid?
    puts 'deliver email'
    end
    end
    !
    def persisted?
    false
    end
    end
    

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80. ActiveModel::Model
    class EmailContact
    include ActiveModel::Model
    !
    attr_accessor :name, :email, :message
    validates :name, :email, :message, presence: true
    !
    def deliver
    if valid?
    puts 'deliver email'
    end
    end
    end
    

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81. ActiveModel::Model
    contact = EmailContact.new(
    name: 'Carlos',
    email: 'carlos@example.com',
    message: 'ZOMG'
    )
    contact.deliver
    

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82. ActiveModel::Model
    >> contact = EmailContact.new
    => #
    !
    >> contact.valid?
    => false
    !
    >> contact.errors.full_messages.to_sentence
    => "Name can't be blank, Email can't be blank, and
    Message can't be blank"
    

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83. Action Mailer
    

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84. Mailer with i18n subject
    class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "from@example.com"
    !
    # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
    # with the following lookup:
    #
    # en.notifier.new_article.subject
    #
    def new_article
    @greeting = "Hi"
    !
    mail to: "to@example.org"
    end
    end
    

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85. Mailer with i18n subject
    class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "from@example.com"
    !
    !
    !
    !
    !
    !
    def new_article
    @greeting = "Hi"
    !
    mail to: "to@example.org", subject: I18n.t('subjects.new_article')
    end
    end
    

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86. Mailer with i18n subject
    en:
    subjects:
    new_article: 'New article just published.'
    

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87. Mailer with i18n subject
    en:
    notifier:
    new_article:
    subject: 'New article just published.'
    

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88. Mailer with i18n subject
    class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "from@example.com"
    !
    def new_article
    @greeting = "Hi"
    !
    mail to: "to@example.org"
    end
    end
    

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89. Mailer with i18n subject
    class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "from@example.com"
    !
    def new_article
    @greeting = "Hi"
    !
    mail to: "to@example.org",
    subject: I18n.t('subjects.new_article', title: 'Clarity is king')
    end
    end
    

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90. Mailer with i18n subject
    en:
    subjects:
    new_article: 'New article: %{title}.'
    

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91. Mailer with i18n subject
    en:
    notifier:
    new_article:
    subject: 'New article %{title}.'
    

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92. Mailer with i18n subject
    class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "from@example.com"
    !
    def new_article
    @greeting = "Hi"
    !
    mail to: "to@example.org",
    subject: default_i18n_subject(title: 'Clarity is king')
    end
    end
    

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93. Action View
    

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94. content_tag_for
    <%= content_tag_for :article, @articles do |article| %>
    <%= article.title %>
    <%= simple_format article.body %>
    <% end %>
    

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95. content_tag_for
    
    Rails 4.2.0 is going to be more Adequate
    Rails 4.2.0 is going to be made more Adequate by
    Tenderlove and Gorby Puff
    
    
    Rails 4.1.0 Released
    Rails 4.1.0 was just released before RailsConf
    
    

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96. content_tag_for
    <%= content_tag_for :section, @author do |author| %>
    <%= author.name %>
    …
    <% end %>
    

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97. content_tag_for
    
    Author 2
    …
    
    

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98. render empty collections
    <% if author.articles.exists? %>
    <%= render author.articles %>
    <% else %>
    No article found.
    <% end %>
    

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99. render empty collections
    <%= render(author.articles) ||
    content_tag(:p, 'No article found.') %>
    

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100. partial locals
     <%= render article, full: true %>
     <%= render author.articles, full: false %>
     !
     # article partial
     <%= content_tag_for :article, article do |article| %>
     <%= article.title %>
     !
     <% if full %>
     <%= simple_format article.body %>
     <% else %>
     <%= truncate article.body %>
     <% end %>
     <% end %>
     

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101. partial locals
     <%= render article, full: true %>
     <%= render author.articles %>
     !
     # article partial
     <%= content_tag_for :article, article do |article| %>
     <%= article.title %>
     !
     <% if local_assigns[:full] %>
     <%= simple_format article.body %>
     <% else %>
     <%= truncate article.body %>
     <% end %>
     <% end %>
     

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102. truncate text
     <%= truncate article.body do %>
     <%= link_to 'read more...', article %>
     <% end %>
     !
     !
     Rails 4.2.0 is going to be ...
     
     read more…
     
     

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103. I18n + html
     <%= link_to I18n.t('read_more'), article %>
     !
     !
     en:
     read_more: 'read more…'
     !
     !
     
     read more…
     
     

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104. I18n + html
     <%= link_to I18n.t('read_more'), article %>
     !
     !
     en:
     read_more: 'read more…'
     !
     !
     
     read <b>more</b>…
     
     

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105. I18n + html
     <%= link_to raw(I18n.t('read_more')), article %>
     !
     !
     en:
     read_more: 'read more…'
     !
     !
     
     read more…
     
     

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106. I18n + html
     <%= link_to I18n.t(‘read_more_html'), article %>
     !
     !
     en:
     read_more_html: 'read more…'
     !
     !
     
     read more…
     
     

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107. benchmark
     <% benchmark 'Rendering articles' do %>
     <%= sleep(2); render author.articles %>
     <% end %>
     !
     !
     # logger
     Rendering articles (2005.1ms)
     

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108. Action Controller
     

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109. redirects with params
     get '/articles/:id' => redirect('/articles/%{id}/edit')
     

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110. exceptions handling
     $ ls public/*.html
     !
     404.html 422.html 500.html
     

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111. exceptions handling
     # config/application.rb
     !
     # Use the app's own router to display error pages.
     config.exceptions_app = self.routes
     

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112. exceptions handling
     # config/routes.rb
     !
     get "/404", to: "errors#not_found"
     get "/422", to: "errors#unprocessable_entity"
     get "/500", to: "errors#server_error"
     

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113. exceptions handling
     class ErrorsController < ApplicationController
     layout "error"
     !
     def not_found
     render status: :not_found
     end
     !
     def server_error
     render status: :server_error
     end
     !
     def unprocessable_entity
     render status: :unprocessable_entity
     end
     end
     

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114. exceptions handling
     app/views/
     errors/
     not_found.html.erb
     server_error.html.erb
     unprocessable_entity.html.erb
     layouts/
     error.html.erb
     

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115. Bonus Time!
     

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116. Console
     

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117. app
     >> app.author_path(Author.first)
     => “/authors/298486374"
     !
     >> app.get _
     Started GET "/authors/298486374" for 127.0.0.1 at 2014-04-22 19:31:04
     -0500
     Processing by AuthorsController#show as HTML
     …
     Rendered authors/show.html.erb within layouts/application (1.1ms)
     Completed 200 OK in 9ms (Views: 7.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.2ms)
     => 200
     !
     >> app.class
     => ActionDispatch::Integration::Session
     

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118. helper
     >> helper.time_ago_in_words 30.days.ago
     => "about 1 month"
     !
     >> helper.hello_rails_conf
     => "Hello RailsConf 2014!"
     !
     >> helper.class
     => ActionView::Base
     

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119. application console helpers
     # lib/console_helpers.rb
     module ConsoleHelpers
     def a(id)
     Article.find(id)
     end
     end
     

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120. application console helpers
     # config/application.rb
     module RailsConf2014
     class Application < Rails::Application
     console do
     require 'console_helpers'
     Rails::ConsoleMethods.send :include, ConsoleHelpers
     end
     end
     end
     

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121. application console helpers
     >> a(113629430)
     Article Load (0.1ms) SELECT "articles".* FROM "articles"
     WHERE "articles"."id" = ? LIMIT 1 [["id", 113629430]]
     !
     => #
     

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122. console sandbox
     $ rails console
     >> Article.count
     => 4
     !
     $ rails console --sandbox
     >> Article.create! title: 'I will be rolled back'
     => #
     >> Article.count
     => 5
     !
     $ rails console
     >> Article.count
     => 4
     

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123. console sandbox
     $ rails console --sandbox
     …
     Any modifications you make will be rolled back on exit
     !
     !
     !
     >> exit
     rollback transaction
     

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124. Annotations
     

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125. annotations
     class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
     # TODO: create inactive scope
     scope :active, -> { where active: true }
     end
     !
     class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
     # FIXME: Fix for RailsConf
     scope :published, -> { where status: 'published' }
     end
     !
     class AuthorsController < ApplicationController
     # OPTIMIZE: eager load stuff
     def show
     @author = Author.find(params[:id])
     end
     end
     

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126. annotations
     $ rake notes
     !
     app/controllers/authors_controller.rb:
     * [2] [OPTIMIZE] eager load stuff
     !
     app/models/article.rb:
     * [9] [FIXME] Fix for RailsConf
     !
     app/models/author.rb:
     * [4] [TODO] create inactive scope
     

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127. custom annotations
     class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
     # RAILSCONF: Hello!
     def new_article
     end
     end
     

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128. custom annotations
     $ rake notes:custom ANNOTATION=RAILSCONF
     !
     app/mailers/notifier.rb:
     * [4] Hello!
     

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129. Updating Rails
     

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130. rails update
     gem 'rails', '4.1.0'
     !
     !
     $ bundle update
     …
     

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131. rails update
     $ rake rails:update
     identical config/boot.rb
     exist config
     conflict config/routes.rb
     ./railsconf2014-404/config/routes.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh] h
     Y - yes, overwrite
     n - no, do not overwrite
     a - all, overwrite this and all others
     q - quit, abort
     d - diff, show the differences between the old and the new
     h - help, show this help
     ./railsconf2014-404/config/routes.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh] a
     force config/routes.rb
     …
     exist config/initializers
     identical config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb
     create config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb
     identical config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb
     …
     

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132. rails update
     $ git status
     On branch master
     Changes not staged for commit:
     (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
     (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)
     !
     modified: Gemfile
     modified: Gemfile.lock
     modified: config/environment.rb
     modified: config/environments/development.rb
     modified: config/environments/production.rb
     modified: config/environments/test.rb
     modified: config/initializers/mime_types.rb
     modified: config/initializers/session_store.rb
     modified: config/routes.rb
     !
     Untracked files:
     (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
     !
     config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb
     config/secrets.yml
     

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133. Every single part of
     Rails has hidden tricks
     

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134. They are sometimes
     hard to spot
     

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135. But they can make you
     much more productive
     

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136. So every time you start
     something new
     

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137. Before ever considering
     about pattern X, Y or Z
     

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138. Ask yourself:
     How Rails can help me?
     

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139. Search
     API
     Guidelines
     Google
     Stack Overflow
     …
     

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140. Ask
     Stack Overflow
     Rails Talk mailing list
     IRC
     …
     

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141. Follow
     Changelogs
     Release Notes
     Upgrading Guides
     Commits (if you can)
     

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142. And if you do find some
     hidden trick, remember…
     

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143. With great moustache!
     !
     !
     !
     comes great responsibility
     

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144. Share
     Tweet
     Blog post
     Tell your friends
     …
     

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145. Contribute
     Back to Rails
     

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146. And please ping me too!
     !
     @cantoniodasilva
     

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147. Thank you ❤️
     

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148. Stickers!
     @plataformatec
     

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149. Questions?
     Get one of these mugs (5 only :D)
     

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150. Tricks that Rails!
     didn’t tell you about
     Carlos Antonio - @cantoniodasilva
     

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