(Ministry of Education and Science) in the ’eHumanities’ call of May 24th 2011 Aim of the call: Promotion of cooperations between computer science and the humanities with the goal to develop new approaches in their respective disciplines Duration: 3 years Start: February 2013 Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 2 / 41
Marbach (Roland S. Kamzelak) Institute of Computer Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter) Kompetenzzentrum für elektronische Erschließungs- und Publikationsverfahren in den Geisteswissenschaften an der Universität Trier/Trier Center for Digital Humanities (Thomas Burch, Vera Hildenbrandt, Claudine Moulin) Project staff Marbach: Angelika Kreh, Anne Lorenz (specialist in German Studies) Halle: Dirk Osierenski (computer scientist) Trier: Theresia Biehl (specialist in German Studies) Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 3 / 41
internet platform to visualise social, spatial, chronological and thematic networks in correspondences Software: generic solution to be used by related projects Corpus: correspondences of German speaking persons engaged in the cultural sector, mainly writers, who were forced into exile by the takeover of the Nazis (Joseph Breitbach, Hermann Kesten, Annette Kolb, Siegfried Krakauer, Klaus Mann, Thomas Mann, Joseph Roth, René Schickele, Franz Schoenberner, Stefan Zweig, . . . ) Case studies: surveys on the academic use of the platform accompany the development (self-evaluation) Publication: so far unknown letters will be published Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 4 / 41
man geschwind einsam, wie in Ovids bewölkten Zeiten. Man verliert ein Volk und erhält weitverstreute Freunde. [...] Im Exil verengt sich die Heimat zur Begegnung mit zwei Dutzend Bekannten, und für einen Autor häufig nur zu einem Koffer mit deutschen Büchern. Im Exil erweitert sich die Welt. Verwandte und Freunde, gestern im selben Berliner oder Wiener Café noch beisammen, sassen nahe dem Nordpol und dem Südpol, in Australien und in Südafrika, in New York und in Hongkong oder Hollywood, im KZ von Dachau [...] oder im State Department zu Washington [...].“ (Hermann Kesten: „La doulce France”) Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 5 / 41
with whom about what? Who with whom when about what? Which places or periods - which topics? Are there geographic or temporal knots in the correspondence nets? Which topic went through the correspondence networks? How did a topic spread, which persons, locations were involved? Were there topics that spread rapidly while others vanished? (dates, locations, persons, topics) Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 7 / 41
relationships? What were the communicative and linguistic means of networking? Where are bonds, where breaks? What was the quality of relationships? . . . Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 8 / 41
did topics spread? Were there distinctive discourses? Are there an interplay between topics and persons? . . . Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 9 / 41
from real bonds? Can you distinguish political from individual federations? . . . Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 10 / 41
DLA: AMIE, Trier: FuD Standards: XML/TEI Authority files for persons, locations, corporations, works, periodicals, topics Material Correspondences and single letters transcribed from the originals or from reliable editions Summary records (Regesten) of already published letters or of letters with copyrights Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 11 / 41
searching for the correspondent network of a certain person or letters sent and received aren’t ordinary tasks if you are using common references, such as printed editions or library/archival catalogues Where do humanists need support? annotation and identification of persons, works, periodicals, key words, ... exploring the networks Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 13 / 41
epistolary network itself, to process it, and to answer questions, someone has to capture the metadata of all the letters in our corpus according to our four dimensions. Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 14 / 41
as far as possible accurate: entries have to be correct and unambiguous focused: no more input fields than necessary intuitive: nobody likes reading manuals aided: the system offers suggestions or provides context fast: it is a large corpus Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 17 / 41
Molitor: An optimized platform for capturing metadata of historical correspondences, presented at Digital Humanities 2013, Lincoln, NE Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 20 / 41
Loerke from Mar, 4th 1933, sent from Kreuzlingen, Switzerland: Lieber Loerke, ich habe wegen der schlechten Witterung in Norddeutschland für eine kleine Zeit Berlin verlassen [. . . ] Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 21 / 41
Loerke from Mar, 4th 1933, sent from Kreuzlingen, Switzerland: Lieber Loerke, ich habe wegen der schlechten Witterung in Norddeutschland für eine kleine Zeit Berlin verlassen [. . . ] Suppose we annotate and identify named entities... Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 21 / 41
Loerke from Mar, 4th 1933, sent from Kreuzlingen, Switzerland: Lieber Loerke, ich habe wegen der schlechten Witterung in Norddeutschland für eine kleine Zeit Berlin verlassen [. . . ] Suppose we annotate and identify named entities... Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 22 / 41
Loerke from Mar, 4th 1933, sent from Kreuzlingen, Switzerland: Lieber Loerke, ich habe wegen der schlechten Witterung in Norddeutschland für eine kleine Zeit Berlin verlassen [. . . ] Suppose we annotate and identify named entities... But do we know that Alfred Döblin moved from Berlin to Kreuzlingen before Mar, 4th 1933? Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 22 / 41
Loerke from Mar, 4th 1933, sent from Kreuzlingen, Switzerland: Lieber Loerke, ich habe wegen der schlechten Witterung in Norddeutschland für eine kleine Zeit Berlin verlassen [. . . ] Fact: Change of stay Alfred Döblin has moved from Berlin, Germany to Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (new location) before Mar, 4th 1933 (date of writing) because of schlechter Witterung in Norddeutschland. Implicit Facts Stay of Alfred Döblin in Berlin, Germany before Mar, 4th 1933 Stay of Alfred Döblin in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland after Mar, 4th 1933 Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 23 / 41
Molitor: Recording Structured Information in Historical Correspondence Based on Facts, submitted to Digital Humanities 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 24 / 41
Thomas Mann, Klaus Mann, René Schickele, Stefan Zweig, Joseph Breitbach, Joseph Roth, Alfred Döblin, Franz Schoenberner, Gottfried Bermann-Fischer, Julius Meier-Graefe, Siegfried Kracauer, Annette Kolb Where? France: Paris, Maisons-Laffitte, Sanary-sur-Mer, Roquebrune-Cap Martin, Nice-Fabron Belgium: Ostende Austria: Salzburg Switzerland: Zurich, Rapperswil UK: London USA: Los Angeles Netherlands: Zandvoort ... When? Dec, 12th 1933 – Mar, 6th 1943 What about? ... Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 25 / 41
Bermann- Fischer Klaus Mann Franz Schoenberner René Schickele Stefan Zweig Joseph Breitbach Julius Meier-Graefe Annette Kolb Hermann Kesten Siegfried Kracauer Joseph Roth Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 27 / 41
5 Siegfried Kracauer Sent: 5 Recv: 14 Feb 12 1933 Aug 24 1933 Mar 16 1934 Nov 29 1934 Dec 23 1934 Feb 14 1933 Mar 30 1933 Apr 19 1933 Jul 25 1933 Aug 21 1933 Oct 2 1933 Nov 15 1933 Mar 17 1934 Nov 10 1934 Nov 16 1934 Nov 23 1934 Dec 13 1934 Dec 20 1934 Dec 25 1934 There are persons that wrote many, many letters ... Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 35 / 41
5 Siegfried Kracauer Sent: 5 Recv: 14 Feb 12 1933 Aug 24 1933 Mar 16 1934 Nov 29 1934 Dec 23 1934 Feb 14 1933 Mar 30 1933 Apr 19 1933 Jul 25 1933 Aug 21 1933 Oct 2 1933 Nov 15 1933 Mar 17 1934 Nov 10 1934 Nov 16 1934 Nov 23 1934 Dec 13 1934 Dec 20 1934 Dec 25 1934 [...] Dennoch blieb von jener Zeit an ein Stachel in ihm zurück, der noch dadurch verschärft worden sein mag, dass ich im Interesse der Literatur in den letzten deutschen Jahren sehr entschieden gegen das literarische oeuvre von Klaus Mann protestieren musste. [...] There are persons that wrote many, many letters ... Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 35 / 41
JMG Feb 14 1933 JMG to SK Mar 30 1933 JMG to SK Apr 19 1933 JMG to SK Jul 25 1933 JMG to SK Aug 21 1933 JMG to SK Aug 24 1933 SK to JMG Oct 2 1933 JMG to SK Nov 15 1933 JMG to SK Mar 16 1934 SK to JMG Mar 17 1934 JMG to SK Nov 10 1934 JMG to SK Nov 16 1934 JMG to SK Nov 23 1934 JMG to SK Nov 29 1934 SK to JMG Dec 13 1934 JMG to SK Dec 20 1934 JMG to SK Dec 23 1934 SK to JMG Dec 25 1934 JMG to SK Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 36 / 41
sender, recipient or mentioned person via location (point, area, country, continent) via topic (one, multiple, ontology) via dates (point in time, period in time) via full-text search via specific letters (letter of the day) or each possible combination of these entry points Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 37 / 41
16th 1935: Lieber Brecht, [. . . ] Ich habe mit Schrecken aus meinen Notizen ersehen, daß ich noch 1233 Romane, 413 Dramen und 12 748 Essays zu schreiben habe, und wenn ich das in den 24 Jahren erledigen will, die mir noch bleiben, heißt es organisieren! http://exilnetz33.de [email protected] Hildenbrandt, Ritter (Uni Trier, MLU Halle) Vernetzte Korrespondenzen Oxford 2013 41 / 41
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