from 10th century onwards - Iranian Buyids (945) - Turkic Seljuqs (1055) - Mongol sack of Baghdad (1258) Law: Formation of the four major surviving Sunni legal schools completed by mid-10th century Theology: Formation of the two major surviving Sunni theological schools completed by mid-10th century Philosophy: End of 2nd translation movement from Arabic into Latin completed by 1200 (Ibn Rushd/Averroes d. 1198) Anything after 1258: Stagnation, decline, deviation from ‘true’ Islam Ca. 1500: Formation of early modern absolutist regional empires & new politico-religious ideologies - Safavids in Iran (1501) - Ottomans in Balkans, Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean, Hijaz (1517) - Mughals in India (1526)
of Islam - Islamization and Turcification of Anatolia - the Mongols convert to Islam and become vectors for the spread of Islam in Central Asia and China - Political devolution of the Abbasid Caliphate & caliphal idea - Militarization of society: - rise of warlords (“military patronage state”); - spread and development of Islam’s peculiar institution, military slavery (Mamluks of Egypt/Syria; Mamluks of Delhi; Janissaries of the Ottoman army) - Development of ‘secular law’ (esp. in the Ottoman Empire)
Tremendous demographic change (Seljuq, Mongol migrations); the Central Asian ‘door’ is closed around 1600 • political unrest is often couched in religious terms • Linguistic pluralism • Many centers of cultural patronage (paralleled by warlordism) • politicization of religion (e.g., Sufi orders; later Sunni Ottomans vs. Shi‘i Safavids vs. Christian Habsburgs) • Confessional ambiguity: ‘Alid loyalism’ • development and spread of institutional Sufism and Sufi networks, development of a series of paths and orders • external challenges (Crusades until the end of 13th c.; Mongols; 16th & 17th century Christian missionaries; the Russians and Western Europe: Portuguese outposts in 16th century; taken over in 17th c. by British & Dutch).
al-Din Chishti (d. 1230)—Chishtiyya Baba’i Rebellion (Baba Ishaq, 1239) Jalal al-Din Rumi (d. 1273)—Mawlaviyya Safi al-Din Ishaq (d. 1334)—Safaviyya Hacı Bektaş Veli (d. 1271)—Bektaşiyye Baha’ al-Din Naqshband (d. 1389) —Naqshbandiyya Fazl Allah Astarabadi (d. 1394)—Hurufiyya Shaykh Badr al-Din Ibn Qadi Simavna (d. 1416) Shah Ni‘mat Allah Vali (d. 1430) —Ni‘matallahiyya Sayyid Muhamammad Nurbakhsh (d. 1464) —Nurbakhshshiyya Sayyid Muhammad Ibn Falah—Musha‘sha‘
a work and its manifestations) People: Have roles (author, copyist, patron…) & affiliations (confessional, mystical, geographical, legal, by profession or philosophical school…) Locations: Places where books were written, copied, studied…/people taught etc. Time: Specific dates when books were written, copied, studied, taught… [Repositories: Where are these objects now?]
culturesofknowledge
masakat0
cbtlibrary
akiraasano
signer
figarospeech
yatabe
sara2023
junhat6
drikkes
uranoken
maggiecrowley
watany
baasie
ianozsvald
davidcarrasco
tomoyanonymous
lcolladotor
rasmusluckow
moore
trishagee
tammyeverts
bermonpainter
