Einführung in Nginx

Transcript

1. Einführung in Nginx PHP Usergroup D / DU / KR Dominik Siebel
2. From Russia with love
3. Wer von Euch setzt Nginx ein?
4. Nginx ➔ Entw. ~ 2002 Igor Sysoev ➔ C10k Problem ➔ Events statt Threads ➔ Version 1.2.0 ➔ BSD Lizenz
5. Nginx @ ... Wordpress.com GitHub Pinterest Golem Wikimedia Imageshack Soundcloud ... → Stand August 2012: 11,53% aller Webserver (1) Netcraft Studie
6. Web Server Reverse Proxy Mail Proxy Cache Load Balancer Und mehr...
7. Woes & Awesomes
8. Pro ➔ Non-Blocking / Event basiert ➔ Mehr gleichzeitige Verbindungen ➔ Weniger Last ➔ Geringer Speicherverbrauch ➔ auch unter hoher Last
9. Pro ➔ Perl Interpreter (+ PCRE support) ➔ On-The-Fly Updates ➔ “Einfache” Konfiguration ➔ Aktive und hilfsbereite Community
10. Contra ➔ Keine .htacces ➔ Module nicht dynamisch ladbar ➔ Lückenhafte Dokumentation
11. Module
12. Module ➔ Core ➔ HTTP ➔ HTTP Erweiterungen http://wiki.nginx.org/Modules
13. /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
14. /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ➔ Allgemeine Server Configuration ➔ Includes
15. user www-data pid /var/run/nginx.pid http { access_log /var/log/nginx/access_log error_log /var/log/nginx/error_log }
16. http { gzip on; gzip_disable “msie6”; }
17. http { include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }
18. /etc/nginx/sites-available/*
19. server ➔ “Virtual Host”
20. server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com root /var/www/example.com }
21. server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com root /var/www/example.com }
22. server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com server_name *.example.com server_name ~^www\d+\.example\.com server_name - root /var/www/example.com }
23. location ➔ Am häufigsten verwendeter Block
24. location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; }
25. location /nginx/is/awesome { return 202; }
26. location ~ /\. { deny all; } Hide “dotfiles”
27. Kontexte
28. Kontexte Http ➔ Allgemeine Container/HTTP Modul Konfiguration Server ➔ “Virtual Host” Location ➔ URL Handling Upstream ➔ Backend Konfiguration (z.B. Für Load Balancing)
29. Variablen
30. Variablen $scheme $host $request_method $request_uri
31. Variablen $arg_PARAM ➔ Direkter Zugriff auf URL Parameter
32. Variablen $http_HEADER ➔ Direkter Zugriff auf HTTP Request Header
33. Variablen $request_time ➔ Zeitspanne zwischen write() und read()
34. Variablen $upstream_response_time ➔ Antwortzeit des Backends
35. Variablen http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#Variables
36. Direktiven
37. Direktiven add_header add_header Cache-Control debug; ➔ Response Header
38. Direktiven proxy_set_header ➔ Header an Backend Server
39. Direktiven expires location ~ ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|js|png) { expires 2h; } ➔ Browser Cache nach 2 Stunden invalidieren
40. Direktiven sub_filter ➔ Rechtschreibfehler Quickfix ;)
41. Direktiven error_pages error_page 400 /errors/404.html error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /errors/whoopsie.html ➔ Failwhales
42. Direktiven empty_gif location = /empty { empty_gif; }
43. Direktiven if set map rewrite ➔ Machtige Kontrollwerkzeuge
44. Direktiven http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#Directives
45. map
46. map $request_method $not_allowed_method { default 1; GET 0; HEAD 0; POST 0; } if ($not_allowed_method) { return 405; }
47. rewrite
48. if ($args ~* format=json) { rewrite ^/$uri/?(.*)$ /$uri.json$1 break; } if ($args ~* format=xml) { rewrite ^/$uri/?(.*)$ /$uri.xml$1 break; }
49. rewrite last → Stop und nochmal break → Weiter nach rewrites redirect → 302 permanent → 301
50. rewrite - Domains server { server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^/(.*)$ example.com/$1 premanent; } server { server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^ example.com/$request_uri premanent; }
51. rewrite - Domains server { server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^/(.*)$ example.com/$1 premanent; } server { server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^ example.com/$request_uri premanent; }
52. rewrite - Domains server { server_name www.example.com return 301 $scheme://example.com$request_uri }
53. Load Balancing
54. Round Robin
55. upstream web_workers { server www1.example.com; server www2.example.com; server www3.example.com; }
56. IP basiert
57. upstream web_workers { ip_hash; server www1.example.com; server www2.example.com; server www3.example.com; }
58. Gewichtet
59. upstream web_workers { server www1.example.com weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15; server www2.example.com weight=4 max_fails=3; server www3.example.com weight=4 max_fails=4 fail_timeout=20; }
60. upstream web_workers { server www1.example.com weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15; server www2.example.com weight=4 max_fails=3; server www3.example.com weight=4 max_fails=4 fail_timeout=20; } ip_hash + weight in Nginx >= 1.3.1
61. Nginx & PHP
62. upstream php { server unix:/var/run/php/www1.sock; }
63. location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_index index.php fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host fastcgi_pass php; } Don't trust the tutorials!
64. Benchmark ➔ Apache Benchmark (ab)
65. ab -n NREQ -c NCONC [-k] http://www.example.com/FILENAME
66. Benchmark ➔ Server & “Client” auf einem Server ➔ Request logging deaktiviert ➔ Mit und ohne keepalive ➔ Durchschnitt aus 5 Testläufen
67. Benchmark ➔ HelloWorld.php – PHP, 13 bytes ➔ HelloWorld.txt – statisch, 13 bytes ➔ 100KB.txt – statisch, 100 kb ➔ 1MB.txt – statisch, 1MB ➔ Index.php – “typischer” Frontcontroller
68. HelloWorld.php
69. HelloWorld.txt
70. 100KB.txt
71. 1MB.txt
72. Index.php
73. Apache PHP vs TXT
74. Nginx PHP vs TXT
75. Sollte ich zu Nginx wechseln? Überwiegend statischer Content → auf jeden Fall Embedded / VPS → Ja Einfach so → vielleicht PHP Performanceoptimierung → Nein!
77. Danke! Fragen?
78. Quellen ➔ Wikipedia ➔ http://wiki.nginx.org ➔ https://nealpoole.com/blog/2011/04/setting-up-php-fastcgi- and-nginx-dont-trust-the-tutorials-check-your-configuration/ ➔ https://speakerdeck.com/u/helgi/p/cranking-nginx-to-11- dpc-2012 ➔ https://github.com/perusio/drupal-with-nginx ➔ http://blog.a2o.si/2009/06/24/apache-mod_php-compared- to-nginx-php-fpm/