Angela Bywater

The Barriers and Benefits to on-farm AD

Transcript

1. Angela Bywater Business Development Manager, Methanogen
2. Barriers & Benefits to On-Farm AD Energy Now – Feb 13
3. On-Farm AD • Information on Farm-AD / Small AD • RASE Report Background • Where the UK AD industry is • What has been happening in the on-farm AD sector • Barriers & benefits www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
4. Practice With Science Protecting the Science Base  Reports: Soils, Water, GHG Emissions, Applied Research & Farm-scale AD  Seminars on novel technology applications (emissions & soil)  Raising applied science profile across industry & rural sector  Working with DEFRA, AEA, EA, NE, AHBD, BBSRC & REA www.rase.org.uk
5. www.iea-biogas.net/publications -- Biogas Handbook available soon
6. Availability and viability of small scale Anaerobic Digesters Clare T. Lukehurst (UK) Nathalie Bachmann (Switzerland) Angie Bywater (UK) European and world-wide perspective • The case for appropriate farm-scale AD • Technical options • Economics: capital cost, feedstock, parasitic load, O&M costs, small-scale examples • Policy & regulatory framework conditions • Case studies: Brazil, Kalmari, Food & Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough www.iea-biogas.net/publications
7. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Farm Total Waste Total Grand Total UK AD Plant Growth 1978-2013 Pollution Cont Grants No support: no growth farmgas 2002: ROCs 2010 FITs & Double ROCs www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
8. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 1992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 Number of Plants AD Growth: DE vs UK UK Plants German Plants www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk Source: FNR (DE Data)
9. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 UK Projected AD Plant Growth Farm Total Waste Total Grand Total Expon. (Grand Total) www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
10. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of Plants Actual Plant Projections vs NFU Aspiration Grand Total NFU Aspiration Projected growth www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
11. Challenges Identified – RASE Report • Regulation/Permitting – centred around ‘waste’ legislation • Planning – varies from encouraging to obstructive across the country • Funding – GIB not interested; ‘small’ projects • Grid connection complexity, bureaucracy and cost • Capital cost of the technology – suppliers have to pass on the financial burden of low turnover, input to planning applications, input to financial proposals, feasibility studies, licensing and projects which do not come to fruition for any of these reasons. CDM and associated costs for ‘industrial’ processes. • Lack of stakeholder awareness of small/appropriate farm-scale AD – merchant plants, food waste, waste sector lobbying, eg Defra strategy document
12. www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
13. Factors Influencing Anaerobic Digester Economics
14. 0.00 5000.00 10000.00 15000.00 20000.00 25000.00 30000.00 35000.00 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Cost/kWe CHP Size kWe Capital Cost: Digester Cost/kWe Farm Waste Model Europe Median: £4,000 Mean: £6,319
15. Biogas Potential of Feedstocks 20 25 56 100 180 185 210 560 610 715 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Cattle slurry Pig slurry Poultry M anure Food W aste G rass silage W hole w heat crop M aize silage M aize grain W heat grain Fodder Beet Crude glycerine Fats m3 biogas/tonne feedstock www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
16. Farm Abattoir Food Processing Retail Restaurant & Home Anaerobic Digester Why Digest On Farm? •Currently, there is ’waste’ at every stage of the process •AD closes the loop •Nutrients must go back to farmland in a beneficial way Energy from Biogas *Recycle NPK & micronutrients as fertiliser *Pathogen/weed seed kill *Sequester carbon *Improve soil structure Fertiliser (nutrients) back to land*
17. www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk Source: Defra 2010 Ag Stats Current Practice: Organic Wastes
18. Environmental Benefits of AD • Displacement of mineral fertilisers • Reduction in carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane losses to atmosphere greatly reduced GHG potential • Renewable energy production • Offensive odours eliminated • Reduction in BOD (80-95%) • Addition of humus improves the physical properties of soil water holding capacity, aeration, water soluble aggregates and increased crop production up to 20-30% www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
19. [1] ADBA R&D Conference, Nov 11, John Walsh, Bangor University presentation AD is not just a Renewable Energy Technology Current incentives (FITs, RHI) do not value the carbon savings of digesting slurries, manures and other wasted agricultural by-products and co-products If 14.7p is for the electricity valuing all the positive externalities Would result in a FIT of 77.3p! Total savings of 2738kg CO2e www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk
20. • Improved slurry handling • Less water use • Fertiliser benefit is not just NPK, but significant and essential trace elements • Fertiliser performance is superior, as nutrients are more readily available, particularly Nitrogen • Digestate does not hinder clover growth like synthetic fertilisers. • Faster re-grazing – healthier animals • Increased ley life • Production of energy and fertiliser reduces costs of food production, improves profitability and adds an income stream to the farm www.methanogen.co.uk info@methanogen.co.uk Further Benefits:
21. Progress on the Challenges • Regular dialogues with Defra, EA and DECC: directly and through industry bodies (eg REA and ADBA). Critical to keep the industry growing, especially with long project lead times. • Links to Europe through suppliers and IEA Task 37 – “Don’t reinvent the wheel” • Defra AD Strategy document with a number of very useful outcomes: NNFCC Biogas-info site first place to start • Funding still remains an issue • Grid connection complexity, bureaucracy and cost. Still variable, but more help, including from companies such as Good Energy, Ecotricity • Work on digestate and quality through WRAP, REA, ADBA and associated bodies.
22. Progress on the Challenges • WRAP DIAD Initiative: developing innovation in anaerobic digestion – across the sector, but including farm scale/small scale cost reduction through innovation, process improvements and more. • Small is getting bigger! It is being recognised and promoted within industry bodies such as ADBA and the REA, farmers, media and the general public.
23. Angie Bywater Methanogen (UK) Ltd info@methanogen.co.uk www.methanogen.co.uk M: 07753 571371 Twitter: BiogasUK Blog: anaerobicdigest.tumblr.com