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Decentralizing The Things Network

Gonzalo Casas
June 16, 2018
89

Decentralizing The Things Network

Presented at the Swiss FabLabs meeting

Gonzalo Casas

June 16, 2018
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Transcript

  1. DECENTRALIZING
    THE THINGS NETWORK
    Building an open and free Internet of Things network
    Gonzalo Casas
    [email protected] | @gnz

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  2. LORAWAN
    • LoRa (Long Range): Radio modulation technique (OSI Layer 1)
    • LoRaWAN: MAC protocol for Wide Area Networks (OSI Layer 2 and 3)
    sensors
    nodes
    gateways backend
    application
    backend
    LoRa ip ip

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  3. THE THINGS NETWORK
    A global community, building open source
    software and hardware to operate a
    crowd-sourced IoT network.

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  4. OPEN NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
    ASSOCIATION
    A Swiss association working towards free,
    open and reliable network infrastructure
    for anyone, anytime.
    opennetworkinfrastructure.org

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  5. WHAT IS LORAWAN?

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  6. LORAWAN
    3 * 10
    10 km range
    10 USD/node
    10 years battery life

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  7. LIMITATIONS
    Bandwidth
    Payload size
    Regulatory limits
    0.3 bps to 50 kbps
    51 bytes (DR0)
    222 bytes (DR4)
    Fair usage policy
    1% Duty Cycle
    30 seconds/day airtime
    10 downlinks/day

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  8. LONG RANGE
    2km - 5km in urban setting
    40km+ in rural setting
    © ttnmapper.org , Open Street Map

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  9. INSANELY
    LONG RANGE
    (under extreme conditions)
    201 km ground-to-ground
    by Andreas Spiess, TTN Basel
    http://www.sensorsiot.org/
    © ttnmapper.org

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  10. INSANELY
    LONG RANGE
    (under extreme conditions)
    333 km air-to-ground (helium balloon)
    by @telkamp (mapping @jpmeijers)
    © ttnmapper.org

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  11. LOW COST
    Node/transceiver: CHF 8.5
    Gateway: ~CHF 250 (indoor)
    Open source stack + ISM bands
    Low CAPEX, almost negligible OPEX
    Photos by @gnz, CC-BY-SA

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  12. FREE & OPEN SOURCE STACK

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  13. UNLICENSED SPECTRUM
    Anyone can deploy a LoRaWAN network!

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  14. LOW POWER
    Class A Class B Class C
    Always send,
    receive after send.
    Up to 10 years.
    Deep sleep: ~10 μA
    TX ~40 mA
    RX ~14 mA
    Time-synchronized
    receive windows.
    Always-on receive
    mode.
    Support not ready,
    but planned for v3.
    Support not ready,
    but planned for v3.

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  16. EVOLUTION OF THE BACKEND

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  17. CURRENT STATUS: V2

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  18. NEXT RELEASE: V3

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  19. NEXT RELEASE: V3
    • Supports LoRaWAN versions: 1.1, 1.0.2 and 1.0
    • Runs as single binary or as micro services in clusters
    • Supports peering within The Things Network ecosystem
    • Supports roaming and third party Join Servers within the LoRa Alliance
    ecosystem
    • All components to run a network are open source

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  20. MAIN COMPONENTS

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  21. V3 GATEWAY AGENT
    • Gateway Agent runs on any Linux based gateway
    • Works with a local packet forwarder (Semtech UDP)
    • Allows for remote configuration and updates
    • Packages for popular gateway models
    • Low bandwidth mode for cellular and satellite

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  22. V3 GATEWAY SERVER
    • Maintains connections with gateways
    • Authenticated and encrypted connection
    • Manages gateway’s duty cycle
    • Forwards uplink traffic to a Network Server or Peering Broker
    • Serves frequency plan

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  23. V3 NETWORK SERVER
    • Handles LoRAWAN MAC layer: 1.1, 1.0.2 and 1.0
    • Supports class A, B and C
    • Keeps MAC state per device:
    • LoRaWAN and Regional Parameters version
    • Radio settings, including RX1 timings, RX2 data rates, etc

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  24. V3 APPLICATION SERVER
    • Extended support for payload formats
    • Encoder and decoder JavaScript payload functions
    • Open source repository for off-the-shelf device
    integration
    • Payload format per device instead of application
    • Manage devices in groups
    • Integrate third-party geo-localization services using LoRa
    TDOA, LoRa/WiFi/BLE RSSI

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  25. V3 INTEGRATIONS
    • V3 features the popular MQTT and HTTP
    integrations
    • More optional, zero effort, commercial integrations
    for leading IoT platforms
    • Easier to build your own integration

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  26. V3 CONSOLE
    • Now also an open source
    component
    • Runs next to the Application
    Server for faster response times
    • New look and improved navigation

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  27. V3 IDENTITY SERVER
    • Now also an open source component
    • Issues security tokens
    • Contains user, application and gateway registry
    • Supports organizations and inheriting rights

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  28. V3 JOIN SERVER
    • Stores the LoRaWAN root keys and derives session keys
    • You can deploy the Join Server inside or outside a V3
    cluster, i.e. a private cloud or on-premises in a trusted
    domain
    • Control your security keys in your Join Server while using
    any V3 deployment scenario
    • Gives you the power to switch V3 clusters: public to
    private, private to public and private to private

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  29. TRUSTED 3RD PARTY JOIN SERVERS
    • Next generation devices contain secure elements
    • Pre-provisioned with symmetric LoRaWAN root keys that will never be
    exposed
    • Session keys are derived from the root keys, required by the Network Server
    and Application Server
    • The Join Server keeps the root keys safe, and only issues session keys
    • Join Servers can be operated by trusted 3rd parties, i.e. industrial security
    companies

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  30. GLOBAL NETWORK OVERVIEW
    • Community Network clusters:
    • Europe, US, Brazil, Singapore
    • Operated by TTN Foundation
    • Switzerland:
    • Public cluster
    • Operated by
    • Australia:
    • Public cluster
    • Operated by Meshed
    +

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  31. COVERING THE COUNTRY

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  32. SWISS COVERAGE
    Estimated based on gateway locations

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  33. ZURICH COVERAGE
    Estimated based on gateway locations

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  34. ZURICH COVERAGE
    Effective based on crowd-sourced measurements

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  35. UP NEXT

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  36. Civic tech and LoRaWAN maker days for a better city
    KICK-OFF
    JUNE 22
    MAKER DAYS
    JUNE 29-30
    KRAFTWERK

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  37. DINACON 2018

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  38. THANKS!
    The Things Network
    thethingsnetwork.org
    Open Network Infrastructure Association
    opennetworkinfrastructure.org
    Make Zurich Vol. II
    makezurich.ch
    Gonzalo Casas
    [email protected] | @gnz

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