The Road to Open Networks

Transcript

1. THE ROAD TO OPEN NETWORKS
   Building an open and free Internet of Things network
   casas@arch.ethz.ch | twitter.com/gnz
   

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2. THE THINGS NETWORK
   A global community, building open source
   software and hardware to operate a
   crowd-sourced IoT network.
   

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3. OPEN NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
   ASSOCIATION
   A swiss association working towards free,
   open and reliable network infrastructure
   for anyone, anytime.
   opennetworkinfrastructure.org
   

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4. WHAT IS LORAWAN?
   

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5. LORAWAN
   • LoRa (Long Range): Radio modulation technique
   • LoRaWAN: MAC protocol for Wide Area Networks (OSI Layer 2 and 3)
   sensors
   nodes
   gateways backend
   application
   backend
   LoRa ip ip
   

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6. LORAWAN
   sensors
   nodes
   gateways
   backend application
   backend
   LoRa/FSK
   IP traffic
   (Ethernet,
   4G, WiFi)
   Encrypted Network Frame
   Encrypted App Payload
   IP traffic
   (MQTT, HTTP,
   gRPC)
   

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7. LORAWAN
   3 * 10
   10 km range
   10 USD/node
   10 years battery life
   

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8. LONG RANGE
   2km - 5km in urban setting
   40km+ in rural setting
   © ttnmapper.org , Open Street Map
   

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9. INSANELY
   LONG RANGE
   (under extreme conditions)
   201 km ground-to-ground
   by Andreas Spiess (TTN Basel)
   http://www.sensorsiot.org/
   © ttnmapper.org
   

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10. INSANELY
    LONG RANGE
    (under extreme conditions)
    333 km air-to-ground (helium balloon)
    by Thomas Telkamp (Lacuna Space)
    © ttnmapper.org
    

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11. INSANELY
    LONG RANGE
    (under extreme conditions)
    832 km air-to-ground (helium balloon)
    by Thomas Telkamp (Lacuna Space)
    © ttnmapper.org
    

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12. LOW COST
    Node/transceiver: USD 6.5
    Gateway: ~USD 85 (indoor)
    Open source stack + ISM bands
    Low CAPEX, almost negligible OPEX
    Photos by @gnz, CC-BY-SA
    

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13. FREE & OPEN SOURCE STACK
    

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14. UNLICENSED SPECTRUM
    Anyone can deploy a LoRaWAN network!
    US902-928
    EU863-870
    AU915-928
    CN470-510
    Source: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequencies-by-country.html
    

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15. LOW POWER
    Class A Class B Class C
    Always send,
    receive after send.
    Up to 10 years.
    Deep sleep: ~10 μA
    TX ~40 mA
    RX ~14 mA
    Time-synchronized
    receive windows.
    Always-on receive
    mode.
    Support on V3 Support on v3
    

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16. LIMITATIONS
    Bandwidth
    Payload size
    Regulatory limits
    0.3 bps to 50 kbps
    51 bytes (DR0)
    222 bytes (DR4)
    Fair usage policy
    1% Duty Cycle (EU)
    30 seconds/day airtime
    10 downlinks/day
    

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17. • Gateways listen typically on 8 channels
    • 3 mandatory channels:
    • 868.1, 868.3, 868.5 Mhz
    • Bandwidth 125 kHz
    • Spreading Factor: SF7 to SF12 (5.5kbps to 0.3bps)
    • Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) ensures network capacity by managing data rates.
    NETWORK CAPACITY
    ON 868MHZ
    

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19. LORAWAN SECURITY
    • Protocol encryption enforced by design
    • Connecting end devices to the network:
    • EUI-64-based globally unique device identifier (DevEUI)
    • Application key (AppKey): AES 128-bit symmetric key, unique per device
    • Two activation modes:
    • OTAA (Over The Air Activation): regenerates keys on every session
    • ABP (Activation By Personalization): mostly just for development & test
    

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20. LORAWAN SESSIONS
    • End devices have a session with the network server
    • Two AES 128-bit session keys:
    • Network Session Key (NwkSKey) for identification
    • Application Session Key (AppSKey) for payload encryption
    • Device Address (32 bits) and frame counters
    

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21. LORAWAN FRAME
    

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22. GETTING STARTED
    

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23. GETTING STARTED
    

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24. NODES
    • Chipsets: Semtech SX1261/2/8, SX1272/6/7, LR1110
    • Increasingly integrated:
    • Radio only (LoRa)
    • Radio + non-programmable MCU (LoRaWAN)
    • Radio + MCU (System-in-Package)
    • Radio + MCU (System-on-Chip)
    • Radio + MCU + Passive WiFi + GNSS
    • LoRaWAN stacks:
    • LMiC: original, Arduino port, MCCI fork
    • Basic MAC: basicmac.io
    • Others (proprietary): Microchip, Murata, etc.
    

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25. GETTING STARTED
    

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26. GATEWAYS
    • Chipsets: Semtech SX1301 / SX1302 / SX1303 /
    SX1308
    • Runs on anything: Linux SBCs, MCUs (ESP32).
    • Multiple packet forwarder implementations:
    • Semtech UDP packet forwarder
    • LoRa Basics Station
    • LoRaWAN-version agnostic
    • Build or buy options
    

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27. ZURICH
    Source: ttnmapper.org
    

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28. BERN
    Source: ttnmapper.org
    

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29. GETTING STARTED
    

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30. THE THINGS STACK: V2
    • Community Network servers operated by TTN Foundation in EU, US, Brazil,
    Singapore.
    • Switzerland and Australia clusters operated by ONIA and Meshed resp.
    • LoRaWAN 1.0 support, only class A support.
    

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31. THE THINGS STACK: V3
    • On-going migration
    • Cross-cluster traffic over
    Packet Broker
    • Governance moved to TTI
    • Easier to operate your
    own cluster
    • Supports all LoRaWAN
    versions and device class
    • Private/public peering
    

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32. GETTING STARTED
    

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33. INTEGRATIONS: V3
    • MQTT and HTTP integrations
    • More optional, zero effort, commercial integrations
    for leading IoT platforms
    • Easier to build your own integration
    

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34. ¡GRACIAS!
    Gonzalo Casas
    Open Network Infrastructure Association
    casas@arch.ethz.ch | twitter.com/gnz
    

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