The Road to Open Networks

Transcript

1. THE ROAD TO OPEN NETWORKS Building an open and free Internet of Things network casas@arch.ethz.ch | twitter.com/gnz
2. THE THINGS NETWORK A global community, building open source software and hardware to operate a crowd-sourced IoT network.
3. OPEN NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE ASSOCIATION A swiss association working towards free, open and reliable network infrastructure for anyone, anytime. opennetworkinfrastructure.org
4. WHAT IS LORAWAN?
5. LORAWAN • LoRa (Long Range): Radio modulation technique • LoRaWAN: MAC protocol for Wide Area Networks (OSI Layer 2 and 3) sensors nodes gateways backend application backend LoRa ip ip
6. LORAWAN sensors nodes gateways backend application backend LoRa/FSK IP traffic (Ethernet, 4G, WiFi) Encrypted Network Frame Encrypted App Payload IP traffic (MQTT, HTTP, gRPC)
7. LORAWAN 3 * 10 10 km range 10 USD/node 10 years battery life
8. LONG RANGE 2km - 5km in urban setting 40km+ in rural setting © ttnmapper.org , Open Street Map
9. INSANELY LONG RANGE (under extreme conditions) 201 km ground-to-ground by Andreas Spiess (TTN Basel) http://www.sensorsiot.org/ © ttnmapper.org
10. INSANELY LONG RANGE (under extreme conditions) 333 km air-to-ground (helium balloon) by Thomas Telkamp (Lacuna Space) © ttnmapper.org
11. INSANELY LONG RANGE (under extreme conditions) 832 km air-to-ground (helium balloon) by Thomas Telkamp (Lacuna Space) © ttnmapper.org
12. LOW COST Node/transceiver: USD 6.5 Gateway: ~USD 85 (indoor) Open source stack + ISM bands Low CAPEX, almost negligible OPEX Photos by @gnz, CC-BY-SA
13. FREE & OPEN SOURCE STACK
14. UNLICENSED SPECTRUM Anyone can deploy a LoRaWAN network! US902-928 EU863-870 AU915-928 CN470-510 Source: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequencies-by-country.html
15. LOW POWER Class A Class B Class C Always send, receive after send. Up to 10 years. Deep sleep: ~10 μA TX ~40 mA RX ~14 mA Time-synchronized receive windows. Always-on receive mode. Support on V3 Support on v3
16. LIMITATIONS Bandwidth Payload size Regulatory limits 0.3 bps to 50 kbps 51 bytes (DR0) 222 bytes (DR4) Fair usage policy 1% Duty Cycle (EU) 30 seconds/day airtime 10 downlinks/day
17. • Gateways listen typically on 8 channels • 3 mandatory channels: • 868.1, 868.3, 868.5 Mhz • Bandwidth 125 kHz • Spreading Factor: SF7 to SF12 (5.5kbps to 0.3bps) • Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) ensures network capacity by managing data rates. NETWORK CAPACITY ON 868MHZ
19. LORAWAN SECURITY • Protocol encryption enforced by design • Connecting end devices to the network: • EUI-64-based globally unique device identifier (DevEUI) • Application key (AppKey): AES 128-bit symmetric key, unique per device • Two activation modes: • OTAA (Over The Air Activation): regenerates keys on every session • ABP (Activation By Personalization): mostly just for development & test
20. LORAWAN SESSIONS • End devices have a session with the network server • Two AES 128-bit session keys: • Network Session Key (NwkSKey) for identification • Application Session Key (AppSKey) for payload encryption • Device Address (32 bits) and frame counters
21. LORAWAN FRAME
22. GETTING STARTED
23. GETTING STARTED
24. NODES • Chipsets: Semtech SX1261/2/8, SX1272/6/7, LR1110 • Increasingly integrated: • Radio only (LoRa) • Radio + non-programmable MCU (LoRaWAN) • Radio + MCU (System-in-Package) • Radio + MCU (System-on-Chip) • Radio + MCU + Passive WiFi + GNSS • LoRaWAN stacks: • LMiC: original, Arduino port, MCCI fork • Basic MAC: basicmac.io • Others (proprietary): Microchip, Murata, etc.
25. GETTING STARTED
26. GATEWAYS • Chipsets: Semtech SX1301 / SX1302 / SX1303 / SX1308 • Runs on anything: Linux SBCs, MCUs (ESP32). • Multiple packet forwarder implementations: • Semtech UDP packet forwarder • LoRa Basics Station • LoRaWAN-version agnostic • Build or buy options
27. ZURICH Source: ttnmapper.org
28. BERN Source: ttnmapper.org
29. GETTING STARTED
30. THE THINGS STACK: V2 • Community Network servers operated by TTN Foundation in EU, US, Brazil, Singapore. • Switzerland and Australia clusters operated by ONIA and Meshed resp. • LoRaWAN 1.0 support, only class A support.
31. THE THINGS STACK: V3 • On-going migration • Cross-cluster traffic over Packet Broker • Governance moved to TTI • Easier to operate your own cluster • Supports all LoRaWAN versions and device class • Private/public peering
32. GETTING STARTED
33. INTEGRATIONS: V3 • MQTT and HTTP integrations • More optional, zero effort, commercial integrations for leading IoT platforms • Easier to build your own integration
34. ¡GRACIAS! Gonzalo Casas Open Network Infrastructure Association casas@arch.ethz.ch | twitter.com/gnz