compatible, if something's broken tell us • Supports pure-Ruby gems, standard library, many extensions • We want to be a Ruby first! • It's a JVM language • Full access to the power of the JVM platform!
Excellent JIT, GC, concurrency, and platform support • Wide array of libraries • Rich tools for monitoring, profiling, debugging • WORA: JRuby feels the same on Windows as on Linux
contribute! • Learn more about how Ruby and JRuby work • Help us keep up with Ruby development • Use Ruby or Java, we'll accept both • We are always standing by on IRC, Gitter, Twitter to help you
recommended, there's many distributions out there • Java 9+ work well but may print warnings • Install JRuby • Recommended: Ruby installer, Docker image, system package • Download tarball/zip or use Windows installer
Rubies • C extension gems have JRuby versions (e.g. Nokogiri) • Ruby installers will handle this for you • System packages may not • Watch out for .ruby-version silently switching
to typical applications (e.g. Rails) • JRuby has won microbenchmarks for years + Fun to show off and improve + Easier to isolate specific measurements + Quick way to explore new runtimes and tech
= 0 y = 0 while y < size ci = (2.0*y/size)-1.0 x = 0 while x < size zrzr = zr = 0.0 zizi = zi = 0.0 cr = (2.0*x/size)-1.5 escape = 0b1 z = 0 while z < 50
Java 7 feature after input and testing from JRuby • Steadily improving performance, reducing overhead • Opt-in due to startup impact: -Xcompile.invokedynamic • May be default very soon!
but usually predictable • Ruby arrays are mutable, but usually small and immutable • We can make compact JVM objects • Instance vars, array elements as Java fields • Reduce memory use and allocation • Similar to CRuby storing references in object header
compiler, interpreter, core classes, extensions • JRuby: 100% interpreted bytecode at startup • Everything in JRuby starts "cold" • JVM eventually optimizes...but it's too late for startup time
• Single JRuby process runs your whole site • "Are there JRuby users running Rails applications?" • Oh yes! And at scale! • The best way to scale large Rails apps today
for Active Record -gem 'pg', '>= 0.18', '< 2.0' +# Use jdbcpostgresql as the database for Active Record +gem 'activerecord-jdbcpostgresql-adapter' # See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes -# gem 'mini_racer', platforms: :ruby - +gem 'therubyrhino' group :development do - # Spring speeds up development... - gem 'spring' - gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0' end Minimal Config Diffs --- testapp_mri_pg/config/database.yml +++ testapp_jruby_pg/config/database.yml @@ -65,5 +81,7 @@ production: <<: *default database: rails_prod + host: localhost + port: 5432 username: rails_prod password: rails_prod --- testapp_mri_pg/config/puma.rb 2019-04-19 04:48:51.425474315 +0000 +++ testapp_jruby_pg/config/puma.rb 2019-04-17 08:56:53.529154189 +0000 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # the maximum value specified for Puma. Default is set to 5 threads for minimum # and maximum; this matches the default thread size of Active Record. # -threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 2 } +threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 20 } threads threads_count, threads_count # Specifies the `port` that Puma will listen on to receive requests; default is 3000. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ # Workers do not work on JRuby or Windows (both of which do not support # processes). # -workers ENV.fetch("WEB_CONCURRENCY") { 2 } +# workers ENV.fetch("WEB_CONCURRENCY") { 2 } # Use the `preload_app!` method when specifying a `workers` number. # This directive tells Puma to first boot the application and load code
fast, you've got more work to do • By far the biggest use case for Ruby • Frustratingly difficult to optimize • JRuby has run microbenchmarks faster for years... • ...but Rails performance was always about the same • Times are changing!
threads, so we need processes • Processes duplicate runtime state and waste resources • JRuby is the answer! • Multi-threaded single process runs your entire site
larger • Threading to the rescue! • Ten CRuby processes = 500MB • Ten JRuby threads = 400-500MB • Copy-on-write helps CRuby a bit • Eventually most processes grow Instances vs Memory 0MB 1250MB 2500MB 3750MB 5000MB 1 5 10 100 CRuby JRuby
For more on gem compatibility see http://wiki.jruby.org/C-Extension-Alternatives ./Gemfile:80: [gems, warning] Found gem 'oj' which is reported to have some issues: Try `gson`, `json` or `json_pure` instead.| gem 'oj' ./Gemfile:81: [gems, warning] Found gem 'pg' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcpostgresql-adapter instead or pg_jruby (drop-in replacement).| gem 'pg' ./Gemfile:187: [gems, warning] Found gem 'mysql2' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcmysql-adapter.| gem 'mysql2' ./Gemfile:188: [gems, warning] Found gem 'redcarpet' which is reported to have some issues: Same as with **RDiscount** use alternatives such as kramdown, Maruku or markdown_j| gem 'redcarpet' ./Gemfile:189: [gems, warning] Found gem 'sqlite3' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcsqlite3-adapter.| gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3.13' ./app/mailers/user_notifications.rb:152: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@popular_topics) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @popular_topics = topics_for_digest[0, SiteSetting.digest_topics] ./app/mailers/user_notifications.rb:630: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@site_name) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @site_name = SiteSetting.email_prefix.presence || SiteSetting.title # used by I18n ./app/models/report.rb:21: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@start_date) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @start_date ||= Report.default_days.days.ago.utc.beginning_of_day ./app/models/report.rb:22: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@end_date) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @end_date ||= Time.now.utc.end_of_day ./app/models/admin_dashboard_next_data.rb:17: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@json) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @json ||= get_json ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:31: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@descriptions_by_id) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @descriptions_by_id ||= begin ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:33: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (descriptions[id]) is not guaranteed to be atomic. descriptions[id] ||= [] ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:79: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@avatar_lookup) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @avatar_lookup ||= options[:avatar_lookup] || AvatarLookup.new(user_ids) ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:83: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@primary_group_lookup) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @primary_group_lookup ||= options[:primary_group_lookup] || PrimaryGroupLookup.new(user_ids) ./app/models/directory_item.rb:8: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@headings) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @headings ||= [:likes_received, ./app/models/directory_item.rb:18: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@types) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @types ||= Enum.new(all: 1, ./app/models/group_history.rb:11: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@actions) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @actions ||= Enum.new( ./app/models/locale_site_setting.rb:10: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@values) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @values ||= supported_locales.map do |locale| ./app/models/locale_site_setting.rb:25: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@language_names) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @language_names ||= begin ./app/models/locale_site_setting.rb:41: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@supported_locales) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @supported_locales ||= begin ./app/models/category.rb:98: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (TOPIC_CREATION_PERMISSIONS) is not guaranteed to be atomic. TOPIC_CREATION_PERMISSIONS ||= [:full] ./app/models/category.rb:99: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (POST_CREATION_PERMISSIONS) is not guaranteed to be atomic. POST_CREATION_PERMISSIONS ||= [:create_post, :full] ./app/models/category.rb:109: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@topic_id_cache) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @topic_id_cache = DistributedCache.new('category_topic_ids') ./app/models/category.rb:228: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@@cache) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @@cache ||= LruRedux::ThreadSafeCache.new(1000) ./app/models/category.rb:520: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@has_children) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @has_children ||= (id && Category.where(parent_category_id: id).exists?) ? :true : :false
see http://wiki.jruby.org/C-Extension-Alternatives ./Gemfile:80: [gems, warning] Found gem 'oj' which is reported to have some issues: Try `gson`, `json` or `json_pure` instead.| gem 'oj' ./Gemfile:81: [gems, warning] Found gem 'pg' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcpostgresql-adapter instead or pg_jruby (drop-in replacement).| gem 'pg' ./Gemfile:187: [gems, warning] Found gem 'mysql2' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcmysql-adapter.| gem 'mysql2' ./Gemfile:188: [gems, warning] Found gem 'redcarpet' which is reported to have some issues: Same as with **RDiscount** use alternatives such as kramdown, Maruku or markdown_j| gem 'redcarpet' ./Gemfile:189: [gems, warning] Found gem 'sqlite3' which is reported to have some issues: Use activerecord-jdbcsqlite3-adapter.| gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3.13'
not guaranteed to be atomic. @start_date ||= Report.default_days.days.ago.utc.beginning_of_day ./app/models/report.rb:22: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@end_date) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @end_date ||= Time.now.utc.end_of_day ./app/models/admin_dashboard_next_data.rb:17: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@json) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @json ||= get_json ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:31: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@descriptions_by_id) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @descriptions_by_id ||= begin ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:33: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (descriptions[id]) is not guaranteed to be atomic. descriptions[id] ||= [] ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:79: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@avatar_lookup) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @avatar_lookup ||= options[:avatar_lookup] || AvatarLookup.new(user_ids) ./app/models/topic_posters_summary.rb:83: [nonatomic, warning] Non-local operator assignment (@primary_group_lookup) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @primary_group_lookup ||= options[:primary_group_lookup] || PrimaryGroupLookup.new(user_ids) @language_names) is not guaranteed to be atomic. @language_names ||= begin
and disabled by default. Use -X+O to enable. ObjectSpace.each_object do |o| ./script/check_forking.rb:14: [fork, error] Kernel#fork is not implemented on JRuby. child = fork do ./script/check_forking.rb:17: [fork, error] Kernel#fork is not implemented on JRuby. grand_child = fork do
reasons • The API is enormous and invasive • Direct pointer access to Ruby objects • JRuby 1.6 shipped experimental support, but... • Huge amount of work for partial compatibility • Performance was slower than pure Ruby!
if performance is good enough 3.Call into a native library using FFI (Foreign Function Interface) 4.Use an equivalent JRuby library 5.Write a JRuby extension
many options • No support for JRuby currently • Common transitive dependency with its own API • Needed for many popular apps/libraries https://github.com/ohler55/oj
lines of C) • Almost ready: 448 runs, 765 assertions, 43 failures, 12 errors • 35 F/E from minor features, date/time diffs • Performs even better than the C extension! • ...and we've done almost no optimization!
0.13 0.29 1.1 0.05 0.11 0.36 0.06 0.11 0.72 MRI (oj) JRuby (json) JRuby (oj) Millions of loads per second (higher is better) https://techblog.thescore.com/2014/05/23/benchmarking-json-generation-in-ruby/
0.44 0.86 2.3 0.22 0.44 1.1 0.33 0.73 2.1 MRI (oj) JRuby (json) JRuby (oj) Million of dumps per second (higher is better) https://techblog.thescore.com/2014/05/23/benchmarking-json-generation-in-ruby/
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