Don't Reinvent the Wheel with Symfony2 Components!

Paradoxically, Symfony2 is not only a full-stack framework. Its underlaying architecture relies on standalone, decoupled and cohesive components. This session will focus on the use of the most interesting components of Symfony like the Dependency Injection Container, Event Dispatcher, Console, HttpFoundation, HttpKernel, Routing, Browser Kit, Css Selector and Dom Crawler, and much more...

Transcript

1. Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
   with Symfony Components
   h"p://www.flickr.com/photos/25947610@N04/2546779304  
   

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3. 0.
   What is Symfony2?
   

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4. Symfony2 is a set of
   standalone, decoupled and
   cohesive components.
   On top of these
   components, Symfony2 is
   also a full-stack
   framework.
   

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5. http://www.flickr.com/photos/alshepmcr/4298593016/
   

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7. {
   "require": {
   "symfony/http-kernel": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/config": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/routing": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/yaml": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/filesystem": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/finder": "2.1.*",
   "symfony/process": "2.1.*",
   ...
   }
   }
   Composer Installation
   

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8. HttpKernel
   HttpFoundation
   Routing
   EventDispatcher
   Dependency
   Injection
   CssSelector
   DomCrawler
   BrowserKit
   Config
   Yaml
   Security
   OptionsResolver
   Console
   Filesystem
   Finder
   Locale
   Process
   Serializer
   Templating
   Form
   Validator
   Translation
   

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9. They already use them!
   

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10. 1.
    HttpFoundation
    

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11. GET /hello/hugo?p=2 HTTP/1.1
    Host: say.hello.com
    Accept: text/html
    Accept-Language: fr,fr-fr;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
    Cookie: username=hhamon
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Firefox/16.0
    $path = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
    $page = isset($_GET['p']) ? $_GET['p'] : 1;
    $cookie = $_COOKIE['username'];
    $lang = $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'];
    $agent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
    Request
    

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12. GET /hello/hugo?p=2 HTTP/1.1
    Host: say.hello.com
    Accept: text/html
    Accept-Language: fr,fr-fr;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
    Cookie: username=hhamon
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Firefox/16.0
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
    $request = Request::createFromGlobals();
    $path = $request->getPathInfo();
    $page = $request->query->get('p', 1);
    $cookie = $request->cookies->get('username');
    $lang = $request->getPreferredLanguage();
    $agent = $request->server->get('USER_AGENT');
    Request
    

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13. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Date: Fri, 02 Nov 2012 02:14:17 GMT
    Cache-Control: private, max-age=90
    Set-Cookie: username=anonymous;
    Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
    Hello Hugo!
    Response
    header('HTTP/1.1 200 OK');
    header('Cache-Control: private, max-age=90');
    setcookie('username', 'anonymous');
    echo 'Hello Hugo!';
    

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14. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Date: Fri, 02 Nov 2012 02:14:17 GMT
    Cache-Control: private, max-age=90
    Set-Cookie: username=anonymous;
    Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
    Hello Hugo!
    Response
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Cookie;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
    $username = new Cookie('username', $name);
    $response = new Response('Hello Hugo!');
    $response->setMaxAge(90);
    $response->headers->setCookie($username);
    $response->send();
    

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15. use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
    $response = new Response();
    $response->setCharset('UTF-8');
    $response->setEtag('abcdef');
    $response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    if ($response->isNotModified($request)) {
    $response->send();
    }
    $response->setContent('{ "name": "John Doe"}');
    $response->setStatusCode(200);
    $response->setPublic();
    $response->setSharedMaxAge(3600);
    $response->prepare($request);
    $response->send();
    Caching
    

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16. Session Management
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session;
    $storage = new Storage\Handler\NativeSessionStorage();
    $session = new Session\Session($storage);
    $session->start();
    // Saving data into the session
    $session->set('cart', array(1, 2, 3));
    $cart = $session->get('cart');
    $session->save();
    

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17. 2.
    Routing
    

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18. Bidirectional Router
    

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19. Router in action
    Router
    R1  
    R2  
    R3  
    R3  
    R   Route
    /hello/hugo
    /home
    /about
    /hello/{name}
    

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20. Configuring Routes with PHP
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection;
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route;
    $routes = new RouteCollection();
    $routes->add('post', new Route(
    '/blog/{id}/{slug}',
    array('controller' => 'BlogController::post'),
    array('id' => '\d+')
    ));
    

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21. Configuring Routes inYAML
    # config/routing.yml
    blog:
    pattern: /blog
    defaults: { controller: 'BlogController::index' }
    post:
    pattern: /blog/{id}/{slug}
    defaults: { controller: 'BlogController::post' }
    requirements: { id: \d+ }
    

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22. Matching a Route
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcher;
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\RequestContext;
    $context = new RequestContext($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
    $matcher = new UrlMatcher($routes, $context);
    $params = $matcher->match('/blog/42/symfony-2');
    

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23. Generating URLs
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\RequestContext;
    use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGenerator;
    // ...
    $context = new RequestContext($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
    $generator = new UrlGenerator($routes, $context);
    echo $generator->generate('post', array(
    'id' => '42',
    'slug' => 'symfony-components',
    'page' => '2',
    ));
    // Generates /blog/42/symfony-components?page=2
    

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24. The all-in-one Router
    $locator = new FileLocator(array(__DIR__.'/config'));
    $router = new Router(
    new YamlFileLoader($locator),
    'routing.yml',
    array('cache_dir' => __DIR__.'/cache'),
    new RequestContext($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']),
    );
    $params = $router->match('/blog/42/symfony');
    $url = $router->generate('blog');
    

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25. 3.
    Http Kernel
    

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26. Kernel in action
    Kernel
    Response
    Request
    Where the
    magic
    happens!
    

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27. Kernel in action
    // index.php
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
    $request = Request::createFromGlobals();
    $request->overrideGlobals();
    $kernel = new DrupalKernel(...);
    $response = $kernel->handle($request);
    $response->prepare($request);
    $response->send();
    

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28. The HttpKernelInterface
    namespace Symfony\Component\HttpKernel;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
    interface HttpKernelInterface
    {
    const MASTER_REQUEST = 1;
    const SUB_REQUEST = 2;
    public function handle(
    Request $request,
    $type = self::MASTER_REQUEST, $catch = true);
    }
    

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29. Wrapping a legacy application
    // index.php
    require_once 'config.php';
    $module = !empty($_GET['module']) ? $_GET['module'] : '';
    $action = !empty($_GET['action']) ? $_GET['action'] : '';
    if (!controller_exists($module, $action)) {
    header('HTTP/1.0 404 Page Not Found');
    echo render_view('error', '404');
    exit;
    }
    echo include_controller($module, $action);
    

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30. use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
    class LegacyKernel implements HttpKernelInterface
    {
    public function handle(Request $request, ...)
    {
    $module = $request->query->get('module');
    $action = $request->query->get('action');
    require_once 'config.php';
    if (!controller_exists($module, $action)) {
    $html = render_view('error', '404');
    return new Response($html, 404);
    }
    $html = include_controller($module, $action);
    return new Response($html, 200);
    }
    }
    

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31. Wrapping a legacy application
    // index.php
    use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
    $request = Request::createFromGlobals();
    $request->overrideGlobals();
    $kernel = new LegacyKernel();
    $response = $kernel->handle($request);
    $response->prepare($request);
    $response->send();
    

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32. 4.
    Event Dispatcher
    

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34. Real World Example
    $order = new Order();
    $order->add('Cheeseburger', 3);
    $order->add('Caesar Salad', 1);
    $order->add('Coffee', 4);
    $cashier = new Cashier();
    $cashier->dispatch($order);
    

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35. public function dispatch(Order $order)
    {
    if ($order->has('Cheeseburger')) {
    $this->cookCheesburger($order->getQty('Cheeseburger'));
    }
    if ($order->has('Caesar Salad')) {
    $this->cookCaesarSalad($order->getQty('Caesar Salad'));
    }
    if ($order->has('Coffee')) {
    $this->cookCoffee($order->getQty('Coffee'));
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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36. View Slide

37. public function dispatch(Order $order)
    {
    // ...
    if ($order->has('Pizza')) {
    $qty = $order->getQty('Pizza');
    $this->cookPizza($qty);
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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38. use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher;
    $cashier = new EventDispatcher();
    $listeners[] = array(new CheesburgerCooker(), 'onMealCook');
    $listeners[] = array(new CaesarSaladCooker(), 'onMealCook');
    $listeners[] = array(new CoffeeCooker(), 'onMealCook');
    $listeners[] = array(new PizzaCooker(), 'onMealCook');
    foreach ($listeners as $listener) {
    $cashier->addListener('meal.cook', $listener);
    }
    Using the Event Dispatcher
    

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39. $cashier = new EventDispatcher();
    // ...
    $order = new Order();
    $order->add('Cheeseburger', 3);
    $order->add('Caesar Salad', 1);
    $order->add('Coffee', 4);
    $order->add('Pizza', 1);
    $event = new MealEvent($order);
    $cashier->dispatch('meal.cook', $event);
    

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40. use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Event;
    class MealEvent extends Event
    {
    public $order;
    public function __construct(Order $order)
    {
    $this->order = $order;
    }
    }
    Designing an event
    

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41. class PizzaCooker
    {
    public function onMealCook(MealEvent $event)
    {
    if (!$event->order->has('Pizza')) {
    return;
    }
    $quantity = $event->order->getQuantity('Pizza');
    // ... cook the pizza!!!
    }
    }
    Designing a listener (cooker)
    

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42. 5.
    YAML
    

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43. http://www.flickr.com/photos/drymek/4310204250/
    

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44. # parameters.yml
    parameters:
    database_host: localhost
    database_port: 3306
    database_name: demo
    database_user: root
    database_pwd: ~
    credentials: { user: john, password: secret }
    recaptcha:
    public_key: 6LdZPNYSAAAAAICZ43AfeMfEsJVQXr_CXh4f3mWy
    private_key: 6LdZPNYSAAAAAB8ALTjfVr72iGYODjKAzic1KuoC
    Designing a listener (cooker)
    

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45. use Symfony\Component\Yaml\Yaml;
    $config = Yaml::parse('parameters.yml');
    echo '';
    print_r($config);
    echo '';
    Loading a YAML file
    

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46. Array
    (
    [parameters] => Array
    (
    [database_host] => localhost
    [database_port] => 3306
    [database_name] => demo
    [database_user] => root
    [database_pwd] =>
    [credentials] => Array
    (
    [user] => john
    [password] => secret
    )
    [recaptcha] => Array
    (
    [public_key] => 6LdZPNYSAAAAAICZ43AfeMfEsJVQXr_CXh4f3mWy
    [private_key] => 6LdZPNYSAAAAAB8ALTjfVr72iGYODjKAzic1KuoC
    )
    )
    )
    

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47. $config = array('parameters' => array(
    'database_host' => 'localhost',
    'database_port' => 3306,
    'database_name' => 'root',
    'database_user' => 'root',
    'database_pwd' => null,
    'credentials' => array(
    'user' => 'john',
    'password' => 'secret',
    ),
    'recaptcha' => array(
    'public_key' => '6LdZPNYSAAAAAICZ43AfeMfEsJVQXr_CXh4f3m',
    'private_key' => '6LdZPNYSAAAAAB8ALTjfVr72iGYODjKAzic1Ku',
    ),
    ));
    Dumping an array to YAML
    

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48. use Symfony\Component\Yaml\Yaml;
    $yaml = Yaml::dump($config);
    file_put_contents(
    __DIR__.'/config.yml',
    $yaml
    );
    Dumping an array to YAML
    

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49. 6.
    Filesystem
    

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50. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sebastian_bergmann/173880207/
    PHP Way
    mkdir()
    copy()
    delete()
    unlink()
    chmod()
    chown()
    ...
    

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51. http://www.flickr.com/photos/amazeelabs/7843168540/
    Symfony Way
    Filesystem
    

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52. $cache1 = __DIR__.'/tmp/cache1';
    $cache2 = __DIR__.'/tmp/cache2';
    $fs = new Symfony\Component\Filesystem\Filesystem();
    $fs->mkdir(array($cache1, $cache2));
    $fs->touch($cache1.'/routing.php');
    $fs->copy(
    $cache1.'/routing.php',
    $cache1.'/routing.old'
    );
    $fs->remove($cache1);
    The Filesystem object
    

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53. abstract class AbstractCommand extends Command
    {
    // ...
    protected function createDirectory($directory)
    {
    $filesystem = $this->getFilesystem();
    try {
    $filesystem->mkdir($directory);
    } catch (IOException $e) {
    throw new \RuntimeException('...', 0, $e);
    }
    }
    }
    Example taken from Propel2
    

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54. 7.
    Finder
    

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55. View Slide

56. use Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder;
    $finder = new Finder();
    $finder
    ->files()
    ->in(__DIR__.'/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle')
    ->exclude('Tests')
    ->ignoreVCS(true)
    ->name('/Controller/')
    ;
    foreach ($finder->sortByName() as $file) {
    echo $file->getFilename()."\n";
    }
    Using the Finder Component
    

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57. // Filter by name
    $finder->directories()->name('Tests');
    $finder->files()->name('*.php');
    $finder->files()->name('/\.php$/');
    $finder->files()->notName('*.rb');
    // Filter by size
    $finder->files()->size('< 1.5K');
    $finder->files()->size('>= 1K')->size('<= 2K');
    // Filter by date
    $finder->date('since yesterday');
    // Limiting the depth
    $finder->depth('== 0');
    $finder->depth('< 3');
    

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58. $filter = function (\SplFileInfo $file) {
    if (strlen($file) > 10) {
    return false;
    }
    };
    $finder->files()->filter($filter);
    Custom filters
    

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59. class MagentoFinder extends Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder
    {
    public function __construct()
    {
    parent::__construct();
    $this
    ->name('*.php')
    ->name('*.phtml')
    ->name('*.xml')
    ->exclude(array(
    'lib',
    'shell',
    'app/Mage.php',
    'app/code/core',
    'app/code/community',
    'app/design/frontend/default',
    'app/design/frontend/enterprise/default',
    'app/design/frontend/base',
    'app/design/adminhtml/default')
    )
    ;
    }
    }
    

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60. 8.
    Console
    

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61. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ideonexus/7012997141/lightbox/
    

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62. View Slide

63. View Slide

64. #!/usr/bin/env php
    $loader = require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
    $loader->add('Hangman', __DIR__.'/src');
    use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;
    use Acme\Command\HangmanPlayCommand;
    $application = new Application();
    $application->add(new HangmanPlayCommand());
    $application->run();
    The Console Script
    

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65. namespace Acme\Command;
    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
    use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
    class HangmanPlayCommand extends Command
    {
    protected function configure() { ... }
    protected function execute(
    InputInterface $input,
    OutputInterface $output
    ) { ... }
    }
    Creating a new Command Class
    

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66. protected function configure()
    {
    $this
    ->setName('hangman:play')
    ->setDescription('Play the famous Hangman game')
    ->addArgument('name', InputArgument::REQUIRED,
    'Your name')
    ->addOption('length', 'l',
    InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED)
    ->setHelp('The complete manual ...');
    }
    Documenting the Command
    

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67. protected function execute($input, $output)
    {
    $words = new WordList();
    $words->load(__DIR__.'/../../../data/words.txt');
    $length = $input->getOption('length', 8);
    $name = $input->getArgument('name');
    $game = new Game($words->getRandomWord($length));
    // ...
    }
    Adding the business logic
    

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68. protected function execute($input, $output)
    {
    // ...
    $dialog = $this->getHelperSet()->get('dialog');
    $output->writeln('Welcome '.$name.' to the Hangman Game!');
    while (!$game->isOver()) {
    $letter = $dialog->ask($output, 'Type a letter: ');
    $game->tryLetter($letter);
    $output->writeLn(implode(' ', $game->getSolution()));
    }
    if ($game->isWon()) {
    $output->writeln('Congratulations!');
    } else {
    $output->writeln('Game Over!');
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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69. View Slide

70. Some purposes
    Generating les
    Deploying les
    Dumping con guration
    Clearing caches
    Generating documentation
    Running a web server
    Sending batch emails…
    

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71. 9.
    Translation
    

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72. View Slide

73. Basic Usage
    $selector = new MessageSelector();
    $trans = new Translator('fr', $selector);
    $trans->setFallbackLocale('en');
    $loader = new XliffFileLoader();
    $trans->addLoader('xliff', $loader);
    $trans->addResource('yaml', '/fr.yml', 'fr');
    $trans->trans('Hello %name%', array(
    '%name%' => $name
    ));
    

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74. XLIFF Support
    
    xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
    datatype="plaintext" original="file.ext">
    
    
    Hello %name%
    Bonjour %name%
    
    
    
    
    

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75. Usage in Behat
    class TranslatedLoader implements LoaderInterface
    {
    private $translator;
    // ...
    public function load(ContextInterface $context)
    {
    foreach ($context->getTranslationResources() as $path) {
    $extension = pathinfo($path, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
    if ('yml' === $extension) {
    $this->translator->addResource(
    'yaml', $path, basename($path, '.yml'),
    'behat.definitions'
    );
    }
    // ...
    }
    }
    }
    

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76. 10.
    Dependency Injection
    

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77. What’s dependency injection?
    « Dependency Injection is where
    components are given their
    dependencies through their
    constructors, methods, or directly
    into elds. »
    http://picocontainer.org/injection.html
    

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78. Real World Example
    class Database
    {
    private $dbh;
    function __construct(PDO $dbh) {
    $this->dbh = $dbh;
    }
    function execute($query) {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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79. $container->setParameter('foo', 'bar');
    $container->getParameter('dbal.dsn');
    $dbal = $container->get('dbal');
    The Service Container
    

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80. Real World Example
    class Database
    {
    private $dbh;
    function __construct(PDO $dbh) {
    $this->dbh = $dbh;
    }
    function execute($query) {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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81. Initializing the Container
    $container = new ContainerBuilder();
    $params = array(
    'dbal.dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=demo',
    'dbal.user' => 'root',
    'dbal.password' => 'secret',
    );
    foreach ($params as $name => $value) {
    $container->setParameter($name, $value);
    }
    

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82. Registering a service
    $container = new ContainerBuilder();
    // ...
    $container
    ->register('dbal.pdo_handler', 'PDO')
    ->addArgument('%dbal.dsn%')
    ->addArgument('%dbal.user%')
    ->addArgument('%dbal.password%')
    ;
    

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83. Injecting service references
    $container = new ContainerBuilder();
    // ...
    $reference = new Reference('dbal.pdo_handler');
    $container
    ->register('dbal', 'Database')
    ->addArgument($reference)
    ;
    

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84. Describing services with XML
    
    
    mysql:...
    root
    secret
    
    
    
    %dbal.dsn%
    %dbal.user%
    %dbal.password%
    
    
    
    

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85. Describing services with XML
    
    

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86. 12.
    Validator
    

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87. The Validator Component
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Validator;
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Mapping\ClassMetadataFactory;
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Mapping\Loader\StaticMethodLoader;
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\ConstraintValidatorFactory;
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Email;
    $validator = new Validator(
    new ClassMetadataFactory(new StaticMethodLoader()),
    new ConstraintValidatorFactory()
    );
    $validator->validateValue('foo@bar.com', new Email());
    

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88. Validating PHP Objects
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
    use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints;
    class Post
    {
    public $title;
    public $body;
    static public function loadValidatorMetadata(ClassMetadata $metadata)
    {
    $metadata->addPropertyConstraint('title', new Constraints\NotNull());
    $metadata->addPropertyConstraint('title', new Constraints\NotBlank());
    $metadata->addPropertyConstraint('body', new Constraints\Length(array(
    'max' => 10
    )));
    }
    }
    

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89. Validating PHP Objects
    $post = new Post();
    $post->title = 'Lorem ipsum...';
    $post->body = 'Lorem ipsum...';
    $violations = $validator
    ->validate($post)
    ;
    

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90. 12.
    Process
    

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91. Executing command lines
    use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
    $proc = new Process('ls -lah');
    $proc->setWorkingDirectory(__DIR__.'/..');
    $proc->setTimeout(3600);
    $proc->run();
    if (!$proc->isSuccessful()) {
    throw new RuntimeException(
    $proc->getErrorOutput()
    );
    }
    print $proc->getOutput();
    

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92. Executing command lines
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x 11 Hugo staff 374B Sep 8 13:38 .
    drwxr-xr-x 8 Hugo staff 272B Sep 8 13:39 ..
    drwxr-xr-x 4 Hugo staff 136B Aug 30 11:31 01-ClassLoader
    drwxr-xr-x 2 Hugo staff 68B Aug 30 11:30 02-HttpFoundation
    drwxr-xr-x 4 Hugo staff 136B Sep 4 22:06 03-Routing
    drwxr-xr-x 6 Hugo staff 204B Sep 2 11:49 04-HttpKernel
    drwxr-xr-x 4 Hugo staff 136B Sep 2 14:07 05-Filesystem
    drwxr-xr-x 3 Hugo staff 102B Sep 4 22:40 06-Finder
    drwxr-xr-x 5 Hugo staff 170B Sep 8 10:24 07-Console
    drwxr-xr-x 5 Hugo staff 170B Sep 8 12:55 08-Yaml
    drwxr-xr-x 3 Hugo staff 102B Sep 8 13:41 09-Process
    

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93. 13.
    CSS Selector
    

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94. CSS Selectors to XPath
    use Symfony\Component\CssSelector\CssSelector;
    print CssSelector::toXPath('div.item > h4 > a');
    descendant-or-self::div[contains(concat('
    ',normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' item ')]/
    h4/a
    

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95. 14.
    DOM Crawler
    

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96. Using the DOM Crawler
    use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;
    $html = <<
    
    
    Hello World!
    Hello Crawler!
    
    
    HTML;
    $crawler = new Crawler($html);
    $crawler = $crawler->filterXPath('descendant-or-self::body/p');
    $crawler = $crawler->filter('body > p');
    

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97. The DOM Crawler API
    // Filtering with CSS or XPath selectors
    $tweets = $crawler->filter('#sidebar .tweet');
    $tweets = $crawler->filterXPath('//p[class="tweet"]');
    // Traversing
    $first = $tweets->first();
    $third = $tweets->eq(2);
    $last = $tweets->last();
    // Extracting
    $text = $first->text();
    $class = $first->attr('class');
    $infos = $first->extract(array('_text', 'class'));
    

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98. Reducing the DOM Crawler
    $filter = function ($node, $i) {
    $content = (string) $node->textContent;
    if (!preg_match('/symfony/i', $content)) {
    return false;
    }
    };
    $tweets = $crawler->reduce($filter);
    

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99. Finding links
    Finding forms
    $link = $crawler->selectLink('Click me')->link();
    $crawler = $client->click($link);
    $form = $crawler->selectButton('send')->form();
    $client->submit($form, array('name' => 'Foo'));
    

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100. DOM Crawler in Goutte
     use Goutte\Client;
     $client = new Client();
     $crawler = $client->request('GET', 'http://www.symfony.com');
     $download = $crawler
     ->filter('#header .download_button')
     ->link()
     ;
     $crawler = $client->click($download);
     

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101. https://joind.in/talk/view/7413
     

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